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| Animation Gian 群雄逐鹿动画世界 |
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自1877年诞生以来，动画以它特有的神奇魅力吸引着各种人群，陪伴着人们度过美好的时光。随着社会的发展和科技的进步，电影动画的制作技术逐渐成熟并形成了独特的艺术趣味和表现风格，成为当今最大众化、最具时代性和最具魅力的艺术。电脑动画也逐渐成为了电影中不可缺少的重要元素之一。 目前最为知名的顶级动画制作公司，如创新出位的梦工厂（DreamWorks Animation）、幽默励志的皮克斯（Pixar）、夸张新颖的蓝天工作室（Blue Sky Studios）、诙谐轻松的阿曼动画（Aardman Animations）等等，正不断地推陈出新，把炫丽的画面与各种的想象力发挥到极至，通过先进的科技一一呈现，带给观众前所未有的视听享受。 Animation is the illusion of motion created by the consecutive display of images of static elements. In film and video production, this refers to techniques by which each frame of a film or movie is produced individually. These frames may be generated by computers, or by photographing a drawn or painted image, or by repeatedly making small changes to a model unit, and then photographing the result with a special animation camera. When the frames are strung together and the resulting film is viewed, there is an illusion of continuous movement due to the phenomenon known as persistence of vision. The major use of animation has always been for entertainment. Because animation is very time-consuming and often very expensive to produce, the majority of animation for TV and movies comes from professional animation studios. Animation Studios, like Movie Studios may be production facilities, or financial entities. In some cases, especially in Anime they have things in common with artists studios where a Master or group of talented individuals oversee the work of lesser artists and crafts persons in realizing their vision. Many companies around the world are known for being pioneers in the industry of animation, and for the outstanding results that they produce. I. DreamWorks Animation梦工厂动画 该公司一直致力于利用世界一流的创作人员和最先进的技术能力，每年制作两部对广大电影观众有吸引力的电脑动画故事片，如《埃及王子》（The Prince of Egpyt）、《怪物史莱克》（Shrek）、《马达加斯加》（Madagascar）等等。 DreamWorks Animation SKG, Inc. is an American Animation Studio, producing primarily feature animated films. DreamWorks Animation was formed by the merger of the feature animation division of DreamWorks SKG and Pacific Data Images (also known as PDI). Originally formed under the banner of DreamWorks SKG, it was spun-off into a separate public company in 2004. Its films are currently distributed by Paramount Pictures who acquired the rest of DreamWorks SKG in 2006. DreamWorks Animation maintains two studios: the original DreamWorks feature animation studio in Glendale, California and the PDI studio in Redwood City, California in the Silicon Valley region. In 1980, Carl Rosendahl, Glenn Entis, and Richard Chuang founded computer animation production company Pacific Data Images. During the 1980s, PDI created many animated logos and commercials for television. They shifted into motion picture visual effects beginning in 1991 with a contribution to Terminator 2: Judgment Day. In 1997, DreamWorks SKG signed a co-production deal with PDI to form PDI's subsidiary PDI, LLC (PDI owned 60% of PDI, LLC while DreamWorks SKG owned 40%). PDI, LLC would produce computer-generated feature films beginning with Antz in 1998. In the same year DreamWorks SKG produced The Prince of Egypt using traditional animation techniques. In 2000, DreamWorks SKG created a new business division, DreamWorks Animation, that would regularly produce both types of animated feature films. The traditionally animated feature films were produced by the division's Southern California branch. DreamWorks SKG acquired majority interest (90%) in PDI, reforming it into PDI/DreamWorks, the Northern California branch of its new business division. The business division separated from its parent in 2004, forming DreamWorks Animation SKG, Inc. and purchasing the remaining interest in PDI as well as its subsidiary PDI, LLC. Note: The initials "SKG" stand for the company's co-founders, Steven Spielberg (movie director and founder of Amblin Entertainment), Jeffrey Katzenberg (former head of The Walt Disney Company's film studios), and David Geffen (founder of Geffen Records). Traditional (2D) Animated Films CG Animated Films II. Pixar Animation Studios 皮克斯动画工作室 皮克斯走过了不平凡的20年，它的出现让电脑动画逐渐成为电影中不可或缺的一个主流类型，高科技的加盟不仅仅提升了影片的观赏性，也为动画影片本身提供了更为宽广的题材展拓空间。现在，皮克斯已经从仅有40多人的小工作室，成长为一家超过600人的大型动画公司，共赢得13座奥斯卡，一次金球和一次葛莱美。 Pixar Animation Studios is an award-winning computer generated imagery (CGI) animation firm based in Emeryville, California (USA). Pixar is a digital animation studio with the creative, technical and production capabilities to create computer-animated feature films and related products. As of January 1, 2005, the Company had created and produced six full-length, computer-animated feature films, which were marketed and distributed by The Walt Disney Company. Pixar's animated feature films include Toy Story, A Bug's Life, Toy Story 2, Monsters, Inc., Finding Nemo and The Incredibles. The Company markets and licenses its RenderMan software to other visual effects studios. Feature film revenue and related products represented 95% of the Company's revenue for the fiscal year ended January 1, 2005 (fiscal 2004). In August 2004, the Company announced a multi-property publishing agreement with THQ, Inc., in which Pixar granted THQ the interactive rights to four future Pixar computer-animated feature films. Though best known for its production of computer-animated feature films, Pixar also develops and markets high-end 3D computer graphics technology. Most notably, Pixar is the developer of the industry-standard rendering software RenderMan, which is used to generate high-quality, photorealistic images. Pixar animated films released by Disney III. Walt Disney Feature Animation沃特?迪斯尼动画公司 动画帝国迪斯尼曾经有过好几个黄金时代，但自从1995年皮克斯动画工作室（Pixar）的《玩具总动员》宣告了3D动画的光辉前景之后，迪斯尼就很难从手绘二维动画向电脑三维动画过渡。因此过去12年里，迪斯尼和皮克斯始终紧密合作。而在2006年1月23日，美国第二大媒体巨头、迪斯尼公司董事会授权CEO罗伯特?伊格（Robert Iger）以74亿美元的赠股方式收购了皮克斯。迪斯尼一直代表着二维平面角色动画的颠峰，Pixar则是三维角色动画影片的领军者，这是否意味着迪斯尼的新一轮黄金时代即将来临呢？ Walt Disney Feature Animation (WDFA) is the animation studio that makes up a key element of The Walt Disney Company. The Feature Animation studio was an integrated part of Walt Disney Productions from 1934 (the start of production on Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs) until 1986, when, during the corporate restructuring to create The Walt Disney Company, it officially became a subsidiary of the company. It is headquartered in Burbank, California, across the street from the original Walt Disney Studios in a specialized building that was completed in 1995. Satellite studios once existed at Disney-MGM Studios in Lake Buena Vista, Florida (1989–2003) and the site of what is now the Walt Disney Studios Paris (1995–2002), but those studios were closed in an effort to revive lagging profits by restructuring and recentralizing the division to produce fully computer-animated features solely in Burbank. From 1985 until his resignation in November 2003, WDFA was officially headed by Chairman Roy E. Disney, who exercised much influence within the division. Most decisions, however, were made by the WDFA President, who officially reported to Disney but who in practice also reported to the head of the Disney studios and Disney chief Michael Eisner. Walt Disney began the move into features in 1934, pulling selected animators away from the short subjects division that had previously been the whole of Walt Disney Productions. The result was the first animated feature in English and Technicolor, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. Snow White became an unprecedented success when it was released to theatres in February 1938, and it and many of the subsequent feature productions became film classics. Following the success of the features, Disney expanded his company's operations, moving into live-action features, television, and theme parks. Besides successes like Snow White, Dumbo, and Cinderella, Disney also had the Feature Animation staff create experimental and stylized films such as Fantasia and Sleeping Beauty, which sustained losses and did not recoup their costs until decades after their original releases. In January 2006, Disney purchased Pixar and began plans to merge Pixar's studio with WDFA. The collective works of both WDFA and Pixar from 2006 will be overseen by former Pixar president Ed Catmull and Walt Disney Studios head Dick Cook. The Feature Animation studio is noted for creating a number of
now-standard innovations in the animation industry,
including: Among its significant achievements are: IV. Blue Sky Studios 蓝天工作室 克里斯?韦奇（Chris Wedge）在 1987 年与人联合创建了蓝天工作室，1998 年他因为动画短剧《兔八哥》（Bunny）获得奥斯卡奖，得到人们的赞许。福克斯起用他制作标淮长度的动画影片《冰河世纪》（Ice Age）；它净赚了 1.73 亿美元。福克斯通过旗下的蓝天工作室，向迪斯尼制作动画的合作伙伴皮克斯公司（Pixar）挑战。 Blue Sky Studios is an Academy Award winning computer animation studio which specializes in photo-realistic, high-resolution, computer-generated character animation. In addition to their feature-length animated films, Robots (2005) and Ice Age (2002), they have worked on many high-profile movies, primarily in the integration of live-action with computer-generated animation. The company was founded in 1987 and has its offices in White Plains, New York. Since 1997 it has been a unit of 20th Century Fox (a subsidiary of News Corporation). Their next film, Ice Age 2: The Meltdown, is scheduled for a U.S. release on March 31, 2006. With the success of Ice Age and Robots, the studio has put itself on the map as a respected animation company. And, by much acclaim, has put them in competition with animation giants Pixar and DreamWorks Animation SKG. Feature-length animations: V. Aardman Animations 阿曼动画工作室 2000年，斯皮尔伯格的“梦工厂”为该公司投资，推出了一部纯黏土动画长片《小鸡快跑》（Chicken Run）。 Aardman Animations is a British stop motion animation studio founded by Peter Lord and David Sproxton in 1972. Nick Park joined Aardman in 1986, bringing his creations Wallace and Gromit with him. The company is based in Bristol and is the centre of a sizeable animation and film special effects industry in the City. Because of the company's base characters with faint west country accents are also a feature. Aardman's early work was in creating inserts for Vision On, a television series aimed at deaf children. Lord and Sproxton went on to create the character of Morph for the children's art programme Take Hart, who went on to have a series of his own. In 1983, Aardman produced a series of short films for Channel 4 that featured audio recordings from real world situations such as a local radio DJ that were then matched to an absurd animated scenario. This same technique was the basis for Creature Comforts. Aardman also made the video for Peter Gabriel's "Sledgehammer", in which Gabriel himself was used as a stop-motion model (a process called pixilation, which was also used in the Aardman series Angry Kid, featuring an actor wearing a mask). Three Aardman films, all directed by Nick Park, have won Oscars. Aardman produced their first feature-length film, Chicken Run, directed by Park and Lord, in 2000. This was followed by Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit, a feature film about Aardman's most famous creations. Most or all of the props and scenery used in Aardman productions since 1972 were destroyed in a warehouse fire on 10 October 2005. The models and sets used for Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit were undamaged, as they were on display at a different location. The same case applies to the master copies of finished prints of the company's work. The original models of Wallace and Gromit were spared however, as they were with Nick Park on his publicity tour at the time. The rocket from a Grand Day Out was also spared as it was on display at the company's studio at the time. Their next feature film will be Flushed Away starring the voices of Hugh Jackman, Kate Winslet, Bill Nighy, Andy Serkis and Jean Reno. This will be followed by Tortoise Vs. Hare, an update of Aesop's fable, and Crood Awakening, a pre-historic comedy scripted by John Cleese. Aardman Features Key words 单词 |
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