| 分类: 英语语法 |
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6.多不定式符号TO |
make sb. do:have sb. do
(二)少词类错误
少词的错误与多词的错误异曲同工,一般也是少冠词、连词、介词、以及BE,HAVE,以及代词it/them.
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1.少冠词 |
1)
例:There is a picture on the wall. 墙上有一幅图画。
He has an apple in his hand.
提示:
A..
例:I bought a computer. 我买了一台电脑。(不是收音机和电视机)
I bought one computer. 我买了一台电脑。 (不是两台)
Would you like an ice cream? 来一客冰淇淋好吗?(不是别的食物)
She gave one ice cream to them each. 她给他们每人一客冰淇淋。(不是两客)
B. 表示数量对比时,要用one, 不用a(an)。
比:我有一支红铅笔,但是他有三支。
I have a red pencil, but she has three. (误)
I have one red pencil, but she has three. (正)
我只需要一美元,但他给了我两美元。
I only want a dollar, but he has given me two. (误)
I only want one dollar, but he has given me two. (正)
2 )表示一类人或物,指同类中的任何一个,a或an不必翻译
例
An elephant is stronger than a horse. 大象比马力气大。
A teacher must be strict with his students. 教师必须对学生严格要求。
3 )第一次提到某人或某物
第一次提到某人或某物时,用不定冠词a或an,起介绍作用。
例: A girl wants to see you. 一位姑娘要见你。
On a cold evening a stranger came to my house. 在一个寒冷的晚上,一个陌生人来到我的住处。
4 )表示身份、职业
不定冠词用于单数名词前表示身份、职业,尤其用在作表语或补足语的名词前。
例:She is a high school teacher. Her name is Li Fang. 她是一位中学教师,名叫李芳。
The Whites wanted their daughter to be a musician. 怀特夫妇想要他们的女儿成为音乐家。
提示:
表示某个职位在某一时期内只有一人担任,或表示某人的头衔,则不用冠词。
例:He is captain of the team. 他是球队队长。
Zhang Fei, monitor of their class, is good at English. 张飞是他们的班长,英语很棒。
5 )用于专有名词前,表示不认识某人
例:A Zhang called you just now. 一位姓张的刚才给你打电话。
A Mr. Smith wanted to see you. 有位史密斯先生想要见你。
6) 不定冠词用在表示数量、长度、时间等的计数单位的名词前,表示“每一”
例:We have three meals a day. 我们每天吃三顿饭。
They met each other once a month. 他们每月会面一次。
The car moved 100 miles an hour. 这辆小汽车以每小时100英里的速度行驶。
The envelopes are one yuan a dozen. 信封一打是一元钱。
Amily goes to see her grandmother twice a week. 爱米莉每周去看奶奶两次。
7 ) 用于某些结构中
不定冠词用在下列结构中:
He is quite an honest man. 他是个非常诚实的人。
He is rather a gentleman. 他真是一位绅士。
提示:
名词前若有形容词修饰,不定冠词a (an)可以放在quite, rather前面或后面。
例: It is rather a difficult problem. 这是相当难的一个问题。
It is a rather difficult problem.
8) 用于某惯用短语中
例:have a cold
have a fever
have a dance
take a bath
with a light heart 愉快地
as a result
for a moment
have a look
have a headache
do sb. a favour
live a happy life
at a time
all of a sudden
in a word
9 )不定冠词与so, as, too, how等连用时的位置
如果修饰名词的形容词前有so, as, too, how等副词,不定冠词一般放在形容词和名词之前。
结构: so/as/too/how +形容词+ a(an) +名词
It is so high a wall that we can’t climb it. 这堵墙非常高,我们爬不上去。
How beautiful a bird it is!
It is too wide a rive for me to swim across.
It too difficult a book for
beginners.
I’ve never seen so tall a tree.
=I’ve never seen such a tall tree.
提示:
half 常放在不定冠词前,但在美国英语中,half也可放在不定冠词后。
例: half an apple 半个苹果=a half apple
half a day
Fire
2.熟记必须使用定冠词的情况以判断少定冠词的错误。
定冠词the 的用法:
这类词有: the east东方,the west西方,the south南方,
the north北方,the right右边,the left左边
The moon rises in the east and sets in the west. 月亮从东方升起,在西方落
The wind was blowing from the south. 风从南方吹来。
She lived to the west of the Summer Palace. 她住在颐和园的西边。
Walk along the road and take the first turning on the right. 沿着这条路往前走,在第一个路口往右拐。
He stood at the back of the door.
提示:
方位词成对使用构成平行结构时,不用定冠词。
例:The river is two thousand kilometers long from west to east. 这条河自西向2000公里长。
They traveled through the country from south to north. 他们自南向北在这个国家旅行。
2) 用在形容词最高级前
例:Summer is the hottest season of the year. 夏天是一年中最炎热的季节。
She is the best person for the job. 她是最适合这个工作的人。
3.) 用在序数词等前
定冠词用在序数词前,也用在表示序列的next, last等前,还有在表示“同一”或“唯一”等的词前。
例:The first man to land on the moon is an American. 第一个登上月球的人是美国人。
She was the fifth to climb to the top of the mountain. 她是第五个到达山顶的人。
This may be the last chance. 这可能是最后一次机会。
If I miss this train I’ll catch the next one. 如果赶不上这趟火车,我就赶下一趟。
He is the only person who knows the secret. 他是唯一一个知道这个秘密的人。
The two coats are of the same colour. 这两件外衣颜色相同。
This is the very book I want. 这正是我要的书。(用very表示强调)
提示:
a) 序数词表示“又一”时,前面用不定冠词a(an) =another+n./one more +n.
例:He bought a second pair of shoes. 他又买了一双鞋。
He asked a question, then a second, then a third…他问了一个问题,又问了第二个,第三个……
b) 序数词用作状语或表语时,前面不加定冠词。
例:George arrived first. 乔治第一个到。
=George was the first person to arrive.
Jim and Jack are both second in the match. 汤姆和杰克在比赛中并列第二。
4) 用在单数名词前表示一类人或物,强调整个类别
例: The orange is a kind of fruit. 橘子是一种水果。
The horse is a useful animal. 马是一种有用的动物。
The computer is important to us. 电脑对我们来说是重要的。
Bell invented the telephone in 1786.
The invention of the wheel was one of the greatest.
提示:
不定冠词+单数名词,不带冠词的复数名词也可表示一类人或物(意思侧重于其中任意一个都)。
例:A car runs faster than a bus.
Cars run faster than buses.
A dog is a faithful animal.
Dogs are faithful animals.
5) 用在乐器名词前,表示演奏
例:She can play the piano. 她会弹钢琴。
He plays the violin very well. 他小提琴拉得很好。
He played the guitar for the children. 他给孩子们弹了吉他。
提示:
但乐器名词表示具体的器物,或表示课程时,不加the.
例:He bought a piano last month. 他上个月买了一架钢琴。
She taught piano in the school. 她在学校里教钢琴。
6) 用在江河、海洋、湖泊、群岛、山脉的名称前
例:the Yangtze River
长江
the West Lake
西湖
the Himalayas
喜马拉雅山
the Rocky Mountains
落基山脉
例外的情况:
Mount Tai 泰山 China Daily
7) 用在由普通名词和另外一些词构成的专有名词前
例:the Great Wall
长城
the New York Times《纽约时报》
the Red Cross Hospital
the Olympic Games
the Shanghai Railway Station
the People’s Republic of China
中华人民共和国
the North Pole
the People’s Daily
8) 用在某些形容词前,表示一类人或物或某种抽象概念
例: the old
the happy
the poor
the aged
the sick
the impossible
the rich
The rich should help the poor.
The good is what people
like.
The wounded have been sent to the hospital.
9)
例:The Greens will more to the country. 格林一家要搬到乡下去。
The Wangs came to see us yesterday. 王家一家人昨天来看我们。
The Browns are very friendly. 布朗夫妇都很友好。


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