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我的学习总结

(2007-02-08 21:19:57)
report 报告;后接动名词、从句、带不定式的复合宾语,但不直接跟动词不定式
report to 向……汇报(to 为介词)
occur (to sb.) vi.(以想法等作主语)被想起,被想到(以人做宾语)
hit on\upon sth. (以人作主语,以idea\plan\way\solution等作宾语)想到,发现,找到
    eg:John hit on the idea of doing it this way.
       hit on a method\a plan\a way out\a solution
flash across\upon sb.\into\through sb’s mind 掠过,一闪而过;(以idea等作主语)
strike  vt. 使突然想到;给……以深刻印象
    eg:An idea suddenly struck me.
       It struck me that we ought to a new plan.
       I was suddenly struck with an idea.
    注:表示“突然想到……”时,以idea 作主语,以人作宾语;或以人作主语,用被动语态be struck with an idea
dawn on\upon sb. (以事物作主语,以人作宾语) 明白过来,想到
    eg:It has slowly dawned upon us that he will not help.
nurse  vt. 护理,照料(病人)
    eg:His wife nursed him back to health.
attend  vt. (一般指医生、护士)看护,治疗,照顾
care  vi. 照顾,照料;(for)
whatever (引导让步状语从句)无论什么,不管什么
however  adv. 然而,可是,不管怎样;(后面跟副词或形容词一起引导让步状语从句)=no matter what
no matter (+疑问副词或疑问代词)无论怎样,不管怎样,无论什么,不管什么
somewhat  adv. 稍微,有点
in jail 在狱中,坐牢
with freedom 无拘束地,随便地
at random 随便地,任意地
at large (罪犯)仍未被捕获的,在逃的,逍遥法外的;(后置定语)大多数的
lose one’s head 慌乱,仓皇失措,失去理智
keep one’s head\a cool head 保持冷静头脑
hold one’s head up 抬起头来
turn one’s head (以事物作主语)使高傲起来,使迷上
burn out 烧毁;烧光
go out (灯火)熄灭;停止运转;过时
wear out (衣服)穿破;磨损,用坏;使疲乏,使厌倦,使耗尽
break out 爆发;突然出现;逃脱,逃走
apart from 除……外(尚有=besides);(用在否定的名词短语后面)除……外(别无=except)
    eg:Apart from the cost, it will take a lot of time.
       Apart from that, all goes well.
       Apart from that, he had no private income.
besides  prep. 除……外(尚有)
except  prep. 除……外(别无)
on top of 除此之外,而且,更有甚者
    注:该短语多用于贬义的场合,也可用于褒义
    eg:He lost his job and on top of that his wife left him.
       He gave me a meal and on top of that,money for my journey.
besides\apart from\aside from 除……外(还)
speak volumes for 很能说明,充分说明,充分表明
    eg:His refusal to tell a lie spoke volumes for his honesty.
indicate  vt. 表明,表示;句型:indicate sth.\that…
previous (to) adj. 前(一天、一周、一页)的,以前的;在……之前的(to)
last  adj. 最后的;
    注:“上周”应说last week;the last week 所表达的意思应是所谈论的几周当中的“最后一周”
prior (to) adj. (多与不定冠词连用)优先的,在前
    注:previous 表示在所谈论的某个事物之前的一个;
        prior 表示在所谈论的某个事物之前更早一些时候发生的或已经计划好的
former  adj. 在前的,以前的
for good 永远,永久;可写成for good and all 的形式
    eg:He decided to settle in the quiet town for good.他决定永远在那个宁静的小镇上安家
good for ①价值为;后接币值名词 ②有效
    eg:That is a bike good for 400 yuan.那是一辆价值四百元的自行车
conquer  vt. 破除,克服;攻克,征服;指用暴力、斗争等把对方征服,并置于自己的统治或控制之下
    to conquer fear\shyness\the flood\the weather\one’s enemy
win  vt. 赢得,获得;在……中获胜
    to win a victory\a prize\the war\the match\a reputation\praise
prevail (over) vi. 获胜,占优势(over);流行,盛行
triumph (over) vi. 获胜,得胜,成功
    注:prevail against\over sb. 战胜某人
        prevail on (或upon with) sb. to do sth.说服某人干某事(语气比persuade重)
        the prevailing fashion 流行时装
    triumph  n. 指光荣的、卓越的胜利,强调胜利的喜悦,后面通常接介词over
vanquish  v. 多指通过一次冲突完全彻底击败对方,打败
overcome  v. 多指感情上压倒对方而制胜,使对方屈服
conquest  n. 含有完全把对方压倒的意思
    make a conquest of ①征服……②赢得……的爱情
boss (about\around) vt. 指挥,对……发号施令,任意支使
conduct  vt. 指挥,引导
direct  vt. 指示;管理,指导
command  vt. 指挥,命令
   +to-v; +that从句(从句谓语用should+动词原形或动词原形)
soil  vt. 弄脏,弄污
    eg:To soil things is to make them dirty.
       She soiled the carpet with her muddy shoes.
contaminate  vt. 污染,弄脏,使污染(细菌,病毒等)
pollute  vt. (一般指)弄脏,污染(空气或水)
mess  vt. 污染,弄脏(指把东西到处乱扔)
stain  vt. 污染,染色,把……弄脏
sophisticated  adj. (机械或仪器)精密的、复杂的,高级的,尖端的;(人)老练的,富有经验的
    eg:I can’t work this sophisticated new equipment.
       This process is highly sophisticated.
delicate  adj. 灵敏的,精密的(仪器);微妙的,棘手的
    注:sophisticate n. 老于世故的人;sophistication n. 世故,复杂性
in the world (与疑问副词或疑问代词连用以加强语气)究竟,到底(与on earth 基本同义,eg:What in the world are you doing that for? Where in the world did you find that hat?[in the world 与nothing\anything或否定词连用,意思接近at all]Nothing in the world would induce me to do that.He left the room without a care in the world.I never in the world would have believed such an obvious lie.)
for the world 与否定词连用表示“怎么也不”
    eg:I wouldn’t do such a thing for the world.
       She wouldn’t come to visit us for all the world.
be on top of the world 健康开朗,情绪高昂,高兴之极
be all the world (to sb.) 比什么都重要
recall  vt. 召回(人员);撤销(命令);收回;回忆、回想
    eg:The government recalled its ambassador.
       I shall recall my order for a new coat.
       I shall recall stories\seeing him at a birthday party.
recollect  vt. 回想,记得
last  adj. 最后的;紧接前面的;前(一周、一个月)
final  adj. 最后的,最终的,决定性的
recently 在口语中用于肯定句
lately 在口语中用于否定句
catch up with 追上,赶上
    eg:You will soon catch him up if you hurry.
       You will have to work hard to catch up with the class.
catch up on sth. 赶上,补上(应该做而尚未做的事情)
demand  vt. 要求,强令
    eg:They demanded the nationalization of certain industries.
       demand the right to hold public meetings
ask  vt. 请求,要求    ask permission\sb’s advice\suggestion\opinion
    注:ask 语气平淡得多,ask 的内容是“请求被给予”;demand 近乎命令式地,表示上级对下级提出要求,或有权提出某种要求
press  vi. 催促,催逼
    press for sth. 急切要求得到,催促做某事
demand  vt. 要求,强令;(以事物作主语)需要
    句型:demand sth.\to-v\that sb. do sth.
paper  n. 报纸;文章;论文;试卷
article  n. 文章,论文;(法律)条款
literature (on\about) n.[u]文献,图书资料
    go through the literature on the subject
    a extensive literature dealing with the First World War
message  n. 信息,口信,便条,电文;启示,要旨
document  n.[c](指正式的)公文、文件、文献
 

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