entitle vt. 尤用于被动语态 entitle sb. to
sth.\-v.给予某人获得某事物或做某事的权利;使某人有资格获得某事物或做某事
eg:You’re not entitled to unemployment benefit if you have never
worked.
从未参加过工作,就没有资格领取失业救济金
grant vt.⑴①同意给予或允许(所求)eg:grant a
request
②grant sth. (to sb.)正式或依法给予某物
⑵同意或承认(某事属实)
⑶(idm.习语)take sb.\sth. for granted
因熟悉某人[某事物]而察觉不出其真正价值
take sth. for granted 认为某事属实
⑷跟双宾语,“授予、准予、同意”
grant
judgement n. 也作judgment
尤用于法律条文
⑴[c.] judgement (of\about sth.) 意见,看法
⑵[c.u.](法庭或法官的)判决,裁决
⑶①[u.]决断力;判断力;见识;眼力②[u.c.]判断
⑷a judgement (on sb.)报应,天谴
opinion n.①[c.] opinion (of\about sb.\sth.)
belief or judgement about sb.\sth.\not necessarily
based on fact or knowledge.意见,看法,主张
②[u.]集体的意见或看法;舆论
③[c.]专业性的评估或意见
idea n. ①[c.]构想;思想;主意
②[u.]印象,感想
③[c.]意见;信念
④[u.]模糊的想法;想象;认为某事很有可能发生的感觉
⑤认为提出的事情愚蠢、耸人听闻等而表示惊叹时用 eg:The idea of
it!真糊涂!
What an idea!这叫什么主意啊!
opinion
idea
What an idea!这叫什么主意啊!
add to 增加,增添
add up to 合计达
amount to 合计,共计达(某数量);等同,接近于,相当于,意味着,实际上是。
eg:I don’t think whatever they say amounts to much.
add up to 合计达
amount to 合计,共计达(某数量);等同,接近于,相当于,意味着,实际上是。
justify vt.
①表明或证明(某人[某事])是正当的、有理的或公正的
②为(某事)的正当理由
③调整(各行铅字等的位置)使版面四周空白均匀
④(idm习语)the end justifies the means 与end 同义
certify vt.
证明证实(……正确无误)
certify sth.\that…
confirm vt. ①provide evidence for the truth or
correctness of (a report,an opinion,etc.)
证明,证实(报告、意见等)的正确性;确认
②confirm sth.; confirm sb.(as\in sth.)
批准(条约、任命等);肯定,巩固和加强(权力、地位等)
testify vt. ①testify (to sth.)证明某一点
testify(against\in favour of
sb.)提供证据;作证(尤指出庭);作不利于或有利于……的证明
②testify (to)sth.作为某事的证据;证明。
eg:tears that testified (to) her grief.可见她悲伤的眼泪
certify
confirm
证明,证实(报告、意见等)的正确性;确认
批准(条约、任命等);肯定,巩固和加强(权力、地位等)
testify vt. ①testify (to sth.)证明某一点
call for 要求、需要
demand vt. 要求。句型:demand sth.; demand
to-v.; demand that sb. do;
作动词demand是vt.后不加for;作名词后要加for;demand后不能跟宾补;(以事物作主语)需要
require vt. 要求,规定;句型:require sth.\sb.
to-v.\that sb. do sth.
后可接不定式,不定式要用被动形式
后可接动名词,动名词用主动形式表示被动的意思
后可接从句,从句中往往用虚拟语气(should)+v. should可省略
request vt.
请求,要求
request sth. from sb.向某人要求某物
appeal v. appeal to sb.(for sth.);appeal for
sth. 恳求、呼吁
demand
require
后可接不定式,不定式要用被动形式
后可接动名词,动名词用主动形式表示被动的意思
后可接从句,从句中往往用虚拟语气(should)+v. should可省略
request
appeal
appeal n. ⑴①[c.]appeal (to sb.)(for sth.)
恳求,呼吁 a charity appeal 慈善募捐呼吁
②[u.]吁请援助或同情
eg:Her eyes held a look of silent
appeal.她眼中流露出无声的求助神情
plea n. (fml文)plea (for
sth.)恳求;请求
a plea for forgiveness,money,more time
plea
in terms of
就……来说,从……的角度;用……(表示)
in place of 代替,而不用
in
by accident 碰巧,偶然=by
chance
by means of 用,依靠
by way of
作为;为了;取道,经由
by no means
决不,一点也不,完全不(放在句首需用倒装句,eg:By no means should
he be left alone.\Sophia is by no means an ordinary girl.)
by and by 不久,迟早 eg:We will
meet again by and by.
by choice 通过选择
by mistake 错误地,无意中(做了错事)
by surprise 以突然的方式,以出其不意的方式
by some means
(or other) 用某种办法,以某种方式
eg:By some means or other we must come to know where he is.
by all means
想一切办法,务必;(回答某人的请求)请,当然行
eg:Try by all means to persuade him to come.
We must get here by all means.
--Shall I take one?
--Yes,by all means.
by fair means
or foul 不择手段地
eg:She always gets what she wants,by fair means or foul.
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
crew n.
⑴①(轮船、飞行器、钻井平台等上的)工作人员
②(上述的)工作人员(不包括高级职员)
eg:the officers and crew of the SS
London.伦敦号轮船的全体工作人员
③划艇队
⑵一道工作的班子;队;组
⑶(通常作贬义)(人的)一伙,一帮
staff n.
全体职员,全体人员(作主语时谓语用单数或复数均可)
cast n. (与定冠词连用)演员(总称)
staff
cast
bank n. (河)岸,(河堤)
coast n. 海岸,湖岸
beach n. 海滩,沙滩
coast
beach
definite adj. ①清楚的;明确的;确切的
eg:I have no definite plans for tomorrow.我明天没有确切的计划
I want a definite answer,〝yes〞or
〝no〞.我要一个明确的答复,“是”还是“不是”。
②作表语definite (about sth.\that…)肯定,有把握
eg:He seemed definite about what had
happened.他好像对所发生的事很清楚
exact adj. ①正确的,准确的,精确的
eg:What were his exact words? 他的原话是怎么说的?
I don’t know the exact size of the room.
我不知这房间的确切面积
②严谨的,精密的
eg:an exact scholar 治学严谨的学者
exact
pass v. 经过;指在人或物面前或旁边经过
pass by v.
经过;指经过人或物面前或旁边不停顿也不注意的经过;不理,回避
pass on (to) 传授,传递;eg:The news was passed on by word of mouth.
pass off (某种现象)渐渐消失;进行情况;对……不加理会,回避
pass through
穿过,通过;经历(一个困难时期)
pass away =die (委婉语)去世(还可以说pass out\over)
pass down 传下来
cross v. 穿过,越过
pass
pass on (to) 传授,传递;eg:The news was passed on by word of mouth.
pass off (某种现象)渐渐消失;进行情况;对……不加理会,回避
pass through
pass away =die (委婉语)去世(还可以说pass out\over)
pass down
cross
join vt. 加入,参加;连接,联合
join sth. onto sth.\on 结合,联合,连结
join up with sb.\sth.;join up 与某人(物)会合或相聚
join (with) sb. in doing sth.\to do sth.与某人一起参加活动
join together in doing sth.\to do sth.与某人一起参加活动
④(idm习语)join battle (with sb.) 与某人交战
join the club(said when sth. had that has already happened to
oneself now happens to sb. else.)
join forces (with sb.)联合以达到共同目的
join hands 联手,携手
join in (sth.\doing sth.)参加(活动)
join up 参军,从军
unite v. ①unite (with) sb.\sth.
(使人或事物)合为一体,联合,合并,统一,团结
②unite in sth.\doing sth.联合;统一;联合行动;一齐工作
eg:We should unite in fighting\unite to fight poverty and disease.
我们应该团结起来为消除贫困和疾病而斗争。
join sth. onto sth.\on 结合,联合,连结
join up with sb.\sth.;join up 与某人(物)会合或相聚
join (with) sb. in doing sth.\to do sth.与某人一起参加活动
join together in doing sth.\to do sth.与某人一起参加活动
join hands 联手,携手
join in (sth.\doing sth.)参加(活动)
join up 参军,从军
unite
eg:We should unite in fighting\unite to fight poverty and disease.
我们应该团结起来为消除贫困和疾病而斗争。
superiority n.[u.]superiority (in
sth.);superiority (to\over sth.\sb.)优良,优秀,优越性,优等
advantage n. ⑴①[c.]advantage (over
sth.)(尤指与他人竞争时)优越的或成功的条件或环境;优势
②[u.]益处;利益
⑵(网球中)局末或盘末平分后所得的第一分
作定语 eg:Becker reached advantage point several times before losing the game.
贝克在打平局后曾有几次先得分,后来才输的。
⑶(idm习语) have the advantage of sb.比某人强,占上风(尤指知其所不知)
eg:You have the advantage of me,I’m afraid.
您认识我,我还不认识您,失敬得很(如被陌生人直呼姓名时所说的话)
take advantage of sth.\sb.①充分利用②(为达到个人目的而不正当地或不老实地)利用某人或某物
to advantage 用某种方法使优点突出
eg:The picture may be seem to (its best) advantage against a plain wall.
这幅画衬在素墙上就更加(格外)好看了。
to sb’s advantage 其结果对某人有利或有帮助
turn sth. to one’s (own) advantage
使(情况或事情)导致个人获利;充分利用某事物
benefit n. ⑴①[u.]利益,实惠,未来的好处
get benenit from 得到好处
have benefit of 得益于……的好处
eg:It was achieved with the benefit of modem technology.
借助现代技术,这个目的已经达到
be of great benefit to 对……大有好处
be to one’s benefit 符合某人的利益
②[c.]优越性,优良条件
⑵[u.c.]保险金、救济金,抚恤金;补助金
⑶作定语(为某运动员或慈善事业等筹款而举行的)义演或义赛
⑷for sb’s benefit 以对某人进行帮助、指引、指导等
give sb. the benefit of the doubt 因证据不足而承认某人无罪,无过失等
priority (to) n.
[u.]优先(权),重点;[c.]优先考虑的事
advantage
②[u.]益处;利益
⑵(网球中)局末或盘末平分后所得的第一分
作定语 eg:Becker reached advantage point several times before losing the game.
贝克在打平局后曾有几次先得分,后来才输的。
⑶(idm习语) have the advantage of sb.比某人强,占上风(尤指知其所不知)
eg:You have the advantage of me,I’m afraid.
您认识我,我还不认识您,失敬得很(如被陌生人直呼姓名时所说的话)
take advantage of sth.\sb.①充分利用②(为达到个人目的而不正当地或不老实地)利用某人或某物
to advantage 用某种方法使优点突出
eg:The picture may be seem to (its best) advantage against a plain wall.
这幅画衬在素墙上就更加(格外)好看了。
to sb’s advantage 其结果对某人有利或有帮助
turn sth. to one’s (own) advantage
benefit
get benenit from 得到好处
have benefit of 得益于……的好处
eg:It was achieved with the benefit of modem technology.
借助现代技术,这个目的已经达到
be of great benefit to 对……大有好处
be to one’s benefit 符合某人的利益
②[c.]优越性,优良条件
⑵[u.c.]保险金、救济金,抚恤金;补助金
⑶作定语(为某运动员或慈善事业等筹款而举行的)义演或义赛
⑷for sb’s benefit 以对某人进行帮助、指引、指导等
give sb. the benefit of the doubt 因证据不足而承认某人无罪,无过失等
priority
throughout prep. 遍及;贯穿 throughout the
day 整天
adv. (无比较等级)到处,处处;始终;彻头彻尾
eg:The house is painted throughout.这所房子全部油漆一遍
thoroughly adv. 彻底地,仔细地
adv. (无比较等级)到处,处处;始终;彻头彻尾
eg:The house is painted throughout.这所房子全部油漆一遍
thoroughly
表示“打碎、破碎”的词
break 最常用
crush 由于压力而变皱或变碎
crack 发生破裂声地龟裂或部分破裂
burst 因内部压力而爆裂
shatter vt.
①粉碎,砸碎(用于打碎的破片四处飞溅时)②使破灭;损毁eg:Our hopes
were shattered.
crash v. ⑴①突然倒下,撞击(某物)发出声响
eg:The rocks crashed (down) onto the car.岩石轰隆一声砸在汽车上
②crash (sth.) (into sth.) (使某物)猛撞
eg:The plane crashed (into the mountain).飞机撞毁(在山上)了
③(使某物)轰然或猛然冲,闯
eg:An elephant crashing about in the undergrowth.被激怒了的大象,在矮树丛中东奔西窜。
⑵发出巨响 eg:The thunder crashed. 雷声隆隆
⑶(指企业、政府)突然倒台,崩溃
⑷crash out 在临时床铺上睡觉(尤指困极时)
⑸(idm.习语)a crashing bore 讨厌鬼
smash v. ⑴smash sth. (up);smash sth. open
(使事物)粉碎,破碎
eg:Smash the furniture to pieces.把家具砸碎
The lock was rusty,so we had to smash the door open.锁锈住了,我们得把门砸开。
⑵①重击、痛击、猛击(某物/某人)②(网球)打击高压球
⑶smash sth. (up) 撞毁(车)
eg:She smashed (up) her new car in the fog.她在大雾中把新车给撞毁了。
⑷击败或粉碎(如对手或其行动);结束(尤指坏事)
eg:We are determined to smash terrorism.我们一定要消灭恐怖主义。
smash a record (运动等)大破纪录
⑸smash (sth.) against,into,through,etc. sth. (使某物)冲进或撞上某物
smash sth. down 击倒某物(如用锤子)
smash sth. in 将某物撞出窟窿、凹痕等
eg:Vandals smashed the door in.那些破坏公物的人把门撞瘪了
(infml口语)I’ll smash your head in!当心我砸碎你的脑袋
break 最常用
crush 由于压力而变皱或变碎
crack 发生破裂声地龟裂或部分破裂
burst 因内部压力而爆裂
shatter
crash
eg:The rocks crashed (down) onto the car.岩石轰隆一声砸在汽车上
②crash (sth.) (into sth.) (使某物)猛撞
eg:The plane crashed (into the mountain).飞机撞毁(在山上)了
③(使某物)轰然或猛然冲,闯
eg:An elephant crashing about in the undergrowth.被激怒了的大象,在矮树丛中东奔西窜。
⑵发出巨响 eg:The thunder crashed. 雷声隆隆
⑶(指企业、政府)突然倒台,崩溃
⑷crash out 在临时床铺上睡觉(尤指困极时)
⑸(idm.习语)a crashing bore 讨厌鬼
smash
eg:Smash the furniture to pieces.把家具砸碎
The lock was rusty,so we had to smash the door open.锁锈住了,我们得把门砸开。
⑵①重击、痛击、猛击(某物/某人)②(网球)打击高压球
⑶smash sth. (up)
eg:She smashed (up) her new car in the fog.她在大雾中把新车给撞毁了。
⑷击败或粉碎(如对手或其行动);结束(尤指坏事)
eg:We are determined to smash terrorism.我们一定要消灭恐怖主义。
smash a record (运动等)大破纪录
⑸smash (sth.) against,into,through,etc. sth. (使某物)冲进或撞上某物
smash sth. down 击倒某物(如用锤子)
smash sth. in 将某物撞出窟窿、凹痕等
eg:Vandals smashed the door in.那些破坏公物的人把门撞瘪了
(infml口语)I’ll smash your head in!当心我砸碎你的脑袋
race n.
“人种,种族”具有相同肤色或体型的人
species n. (单复数同形)(生物)物种,类
tribe 部落;指具有相同的风俗习惯和宗教信仰,通常也有相同的语言。比nation小的社会群体,通常译为“部落”
nation 民族,国家;指具有共同语言和历史,通常居住在同一地域,比race小的人类群体
species
tribe 部落;指具有相同的风俗习惯和宗教信仰,通常也有相同的语言。比nation小的社会群体,通常译为“部落”
nation 民族,国家;指具有共同语言和历史,通常居住在同一地域,比race小的人类群体
display vt. 陈列,展览
spread v. 摊开,伸开
demonstrate vt. 演示,说明;表露,显示
disclose vt. 揭露,泄露,透漏
spread
demonstrate
disclose
exhibit vt.
展览,显示;不含对象原来被藏起来的意思
disclose vt.
揭示;把原来隐藏的东西翻出来使人可见
expose vt.
揭露;揭露的对象一般是丑恶的、见不得人的,也指把人或物暴露于不利的位置。
disclose
expose
exhibit
n.指一件展览品或一宗展览品,构成exhibition“展览会”的一部分;exhibit有时也指小型展览会。
exhibitioner n.
展出者;[英]获得奖学金的大学生。
注:make an exhibition of oneself 出洋相,当众出丑。
exhibitor\exhibiter n.
(展览会等的)参加者;电影放映者;电影院老板(或经理)。
exhibitioner
注:make an exhibition of oneself 出洋相,当众出丑。
exhibitor\exhibiter
distrust 不信任,语气较强,是对某人不信任。
mistrust 不相信;语气较轻,主要是针对自己而言。
disregarding 不顾;用作前置词,由现在分词变来,因此与主语关系较密切,有逻辑上的主谓关系,表示有意地“不理睬”。
eg:Disregarding the teacher’s repeated warning,the boy played truant again.
in spite of
尽管;与主语的主观意图无关。
eg:Disregarding the heavy snow,he managed to come.尽管大雪纷飞,他还是设法来了。
注:despite,in despite of 和in spite of完全同义,是较旧的说法,可用in spite of的地方,就不必用它们。
mistrust 不相信;语气较轻,主要是针对自己而言。
disregarding 不顾;用作前置词,由现在分词变来,因此与主语关系较密切,有逻辑上的主谓关系,表示有意地“不理睬”。
eg:Disregarding the teacher’s repeated warning,the boy played truant again.
in
eg:Disregarding the heavy snow,he managed to come.尽管大雪纷飞,他还是设法来了。
注:despite,in despite of 和in spite of完全同义,是较旧的说法,可用in spite of的地方,就不必用它们。
make room for 给……腾出地方
provide for
为……提供生活费,养活;为(可能的困难)做准备,防备
give way to 给……让路
provide
give way to 给……让路
live through
经历(灾难而活过来),(从灾难中)活过来。
live out (学生)不住校;不在单位住
live on 依靠……生活;留在人们记忆中。
live off 靠吃……生活,依靠……生活
live with 接受(某种不愉快的局面)eg:I don’t
enjoy the pain,but I can live with it.
live up to
符合,不辜负(期望);遵守,实践(诺言、原则等)
eg:They hope he will live up to their expectations.
live
live
live
live
live
eg:They hope he will live up to their expectations.
back up 支持;(汽车)倒退
back out (of)
不遵守(诺言、合同等);改变主意
back down\of 放弃,后退
back
back
表示“进步”的词:
progress n.
进步;指继续的进步,是很生动的用语,常被用作抽象意义
eg:the progress of ideas 观点的进步(稳定而恒久)
progression 前进,进行;很少用,尤其少用在“进步”和“发达”时
advance
前进,进步;侧重向前达到某目的,再回头看出发点,感觉到a great
advance
advancement
前进,进步;非一般用语,常指精神的进步
progress
progression 前进,进行;很少用,尤其少用在“进步”和“发达”时
advance
advancement
progressive adj.无比较等级.
前进的,进步的
progressive ideas 进步思想
advanced adj.
先进的(已达“高级”阶段的)
advanced ideas 先进思想
advanced
temper n.[u.](可加不定冠词)脾气;情绪
have a good\bad temper;
quick-\hot-\short-\good-tempered;
be in a temper\out of temper 正在发脾气;
fly\get into a temper 突然生气
lose one’s temper 发脾气
keep\control one’s temper 忍住不动火
mood
n.[c.]心情,情绪
in a happy\bad
mood
注:mood不与lose搭配
passion n. (对事物的)酷爱;爱情,情欲(不说lose
one’s mind\one’s passion)
fly\break into a passion 突然暴怒
have a passion for sb.\sth. 对……非常热爱
sensation n.
感觉能力;感觉,知觉;轰动,激动;引起轰动的事件或人
注:fly
into不与feeling\emotion\sensation搭配
mood
passion
fly\break into a passion 突然暴怒
have a passion for sb.\sth. 对……非常热爱
sensation
spirit
n.(pl.)情绪,心情;精神;气概,志气
to be in low\bad spirits\out of spirits 情绪不好
be in high\good\excellent spirits 情绪好
注意表示情绪好坏时名词要用复数
affection (for)
n.[u.]爱,深挚的感情
注:若前有形容词修饰可加不定冠词
feeling
n.[c.]中性名词,常用adj.修饰才能说明具体的感情
emotion n.[c.u.]情感,情绪;[同]feeling
passion
n.热情,激情[u.c.];[复]感情(与理智相对而言)
be in high\good\excellent spirits 情绪好
注意表示情绪好坏时名词要用复数
affection
feeling
emotion
passion
stain vt. 污染,染色,把……弄脏
pollute vt. 弄脏,污染(一般指空气、水)
pollute
accuse (sb. of) vt.
指控,控告
charge (with) vt.
指控,控告
charge
place\put\set value on
重视
attach value to 重视
attach
withdraw (pt.)withdrew
(pp.)withdrawn
⑴withdraw sb.\sth. (from sth.)
①收回,取回,撤回或撤走某人(某物)
②从银行帐户等提(款);(取钱)
⑵(fml文)撤回或撤销(诺言、提议、言论等)
⑶withdraw (from sth.)离开或脱离某处或某些人
retreat v.
⑴(尤指军队等)(战败后或面临危险或困难时)撤退,退却
eg:force the enemy to retreat (behind their
lines.)迫使敌人退却(至其阵线后)
⑵(比喻)退避;回避至自己的范围
eg:retreat into a world of fantasy.遁入幻想世界
retreat from the public eye.避开公众的眼睛
②从银行帐户等提(款);(取钱)
retreat
set about 开始,着手 eg:We set about our
task at once.
set (sth.) aside
拨出,留出,存蓄;把……置于一旁,不予理会
set…apart (from)
(常用某人的品质或性格特点作主语)使分离,使分开;使显得突出,使不同于
eg:His intelligence set him apart from the others.
set down 写下,记下;把……放下
set out
摆出;开始(to-v.);动身,启程;陈述,阐明
set up
创立,建立;竖立,架起,建造;开业,开始经商
set back
推迟,延缓,阻碍;(以事物作主语,后跟双宾语)使花费
set off
出发,启程;激起,引起;引爆(鞭炮)
set fire to
sth.\set sth.
on fire 放火烧,使着火
set
set…apart
set
set
set
set
set
set


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