make sure (that)
“查明,弄确实,确保,落实(从句所讲内容);(用于祈使句)务必”
make out
看出,辨认出;写出,开出;理解,了解
eg:I made out three figures moving in the distance.
Please make out a bill for these goods.
I couldn’t make out what he meant.
make clear “把……讲清楚”
make sense
(以事物作主语)“讲得通,有意义,言之有理”(后面不跟从句)也以话语作主语
make haste (towards\to-v.)
“赶快,加紧”
make (both)
ends meet “使收支平衡,使入能敷出”
make up
组成,构成;捏造,临时编造;化妆;补充,补足。
make up to
(sb.) 向……讨好,拍……马屁,向……献殷勤。
make up for 补偿,弥补
make over (to)
转交给,将(所有权)转给
make for
走向,朝……前进;导致,促成
make a fuss
over\of “娇养,过分关怀;对……渲染,大谈”
make sense of 懂,理解
make (a) difference
有影响,有关系,重要
eg:Your support will certainly make a difference in our cause.
It evidently made no difference whether I was here.
make trouble 制造麻烦,捣乱
make
make
make
make
make
make
make
make
make
make
make
make
make
eg:Your support will certainly make a difference in our cause.
It evidently made no difference whether I was here.
make
survive vt.
从(灾难中)逃生,(经过一场灾难)存活下来;活得比……长
vi. 活下来,幸存下来
eg:of those wounded in the battle only three survived.
These plants won’t survive without sun.
Only a few soldiers survived the battle.
My father has survived all his brothers and sisters.
对该词尤其要注意作vt.的用法:某人经过一场灾难仍存活了下来应说The
man survived the
disaster.表示灾难的disaster直接作survive的宾语,而不要说The man
went through the disaster and still survived\still lived.
escape
vt.逃避,避免,避开
escape from sth.
escape
clean up
(本义)把(某个地方)收拾、整理干净;(引申)清除(某地的)贪污腐败现象
clean out
把(容器内部如房间、抽屉等)清除整理干净
clean down
把(某物)从上到下彻底打扫或擦洗干净
clean away 把……清除掉
clean
clean
clean
lay down
(在规章中)规定(条款),说明;放下
eg:The committee laid down rules about the size of tennis
courts.
He has laid down certain conditions which you must follow.
lay aside 把……搁置一旁;储存
lay out 安排,布置,设计;摆出,展开
lay off (由于经济不景气)临时解雇(工人)
注:lay
out(对楼房、城市、花园等的布局作整体)安排,布置,设计;摆出,展开
eg:The architect laid out the interior of the building.
We admired the beautifully laid-out flower-beds.
lay
lay
lay
put off (sth.\-ing)
推迟,推延;阻止,劝阻
eg:They put
off the picnic because of the rain.
There is always a temptation to put off doing an unpleasant task as
long as one can.
give off 散发出,释放出
make off
(独立使用)(见到危险时)迅速逃离;(后面跟with)携……而逃
give
make
run through 贯穿,普遍存在于;浏览
run down
逐渐减少,逐渐削弱,使疲乏;(钟表)该上弦了;(电池)消耗完了;减少,缩减;贬低诋毁
eg:The clock has run down;
The batteries have run down;
The poor woman is terribly run down;
He’s always running me down in front of my neighbours.
run up
升(旗);快速(缝制、盖房);迅速欠下(许多债务)
run out (of) 用尽,耗尽
run over
从……上面碾过;溢出;匆匆看一遍;简短地说一遍
run off 流掉;快速复制
run away with
(以感情等作主语,人作宾语)战胜,不受……约束
run into
撞上,偶然碰见;遇到(困难等);共计,达……之多
run against
和……对抗竞争;(以事物作主语)对……不利
run after 追逐,追求
run
run
run
run
run
run
run
run
run
put up with
容忍,忍受
come up with
提出,想出,拿出,提供(多以a solution\a good idea\an answer\a
plan\a suggestion,etc.作宾语)
catch up with 赶上
keep up with
跟上,与……同步,随时了解(最新发展状况)
come
catch
keep
stand up for
支持,维护,保卫
stand by
站在……的一边,支持,帮助;(独立使用)站在一旁,袖手旁观;坚持(决议等)遵守(诺言等)
stand for
是……的缩写;代表,意味着;主张,支持(某种论点);容忍,接受(用于否定)
stand to (单独用)准备好,作好战斗准备
stand with (sb.)
与……关系好
stand out
(本义)突出,显眼,引人注意;(引申)杰出,出色
stand up to
勇敢地面对,抵抗;经得起,顶得住
stand
stand
stand
stand
stand
stand
count for 有价值,有重要性
eg:His reputation doesn’t count for much;
She regards me as a little kid who counts for nothing.
He seems to count for quite a lot in his firm.
count on 依靠,指望
count on
sb.\sth.\-ing
count on sb. to help
you count on
sb.-ing
count
capable (of) adj.
有……能力的;能……的;可……的
able (to-v.) adj. 有能力的;出色的
able
artificial adj.
人工的,人造的;假的,矫揉造作的
unnatural adj. 不自然的,奇怪的,不正常的
false adj. 不真实的;假的;虚伪的
unreal adj. 虚假的,不真实的
unnatural
false
unreal
drop off (指数量)逐渐下降,逐渐减少
eg:Sales
have been dropping off badly.
The audiences for this play have recently dropped off.
Interest in the game has dropped off.
drop in\by (独立使用)顺访,非正式访问
drop out 退出,不再参加;退学;掉队
注:没有drop down的说法
drop
drop
appeal vi. 呼吁,请求
句型:appeal
to sb. to-v. \ appeal to sb. for sth.
urge vt. 敦促,力劝;驱策,鼓励
句型:urge
sth. \ urge sb. to-v. \ urge that sb. do sth.
urge
claim vt.
声称,主张;对……提出索取要求
句型:claim sth. \ claim that…
call vt. 号召,呼吁,要求
句型:call on sb. to do
knock vt.
碰撞,碰击。用手、身体的某部位或物打击、撞,尤伴有响声
knock off 下班,停止工作;减(价),扣掉
knock sth. off sth. 把……从……碰掉
knock out (拳击中)击昏,击倒
knock about 旅行,到处跑
knock down 击倒,撞倒
hit vt.
(一般指有意)打击,碰撞。含“有力”之义,常表“击中”
strike vt.
“打,突然袭击”,较正式,用手或物,可轻可重,有意或无意
beat 连续打击,通常为有意的
slap 用手掌打
punch 用拳头打
call
knock
hit
strike
beat
slap 用手掌打
punch 用拳头打
take one’s
mind off sth. 使不去想
take sth. off
one’s mind 消除忧患,去掉心事
不说take one’s heart\head off sth.
take
不说take one’s heart\head off sth.
replace vt.
(用……)替换,(用……)取代;把……放回原处
句型:A replace B
to replace A with\by B
eg:Jone will replace Smith in the team.
We have replaced slave labour with \by machines.
All books must be replaced on the shelves.
substitute v. 用……代替;代替,取代
句型:A substitutes [for] B 甲代替乙
to substitute A for B 用甲代替乙
alter vt. 改变,变更
alternate (with) vi.
交替,更迭
substitute
alter
alternate
communicate (with) vi.
通讯,交流,交际,(思想上)沟通
vt. 传达,传播
associate vi. (与……)交往(with)
vt. (在思想上)把……联系在一起;使结合在一起
associate A with B
eg:We associate the name of Darwin with the doctrine of evolution.
Cigarette smoking has been associated with lung cancer.
tie vt. 拴,扎,捆;把……打结,系上
bind vt. 捆绑,捆扎
associate
eg:We associate the name of Darwin with the doctrine of evolution.
tie
bind
deliver vt.
投递,送交;发表(演讲);(为……接生)
post vt. 投寄,邮寄
forward (to) vt.
转交,转寄,转运
post
forward
final adj. 决定性的;最后的,最终的
last adj.
(按排列顺序)最后的,末了的;上,前(一周、月)
ultimate adj. 最后的,最终的
eg:The
ultimate cost of the job was over a hundred dollars.
Their ultimate victory is not in question.
conclusive adj. 结论性的;最后的;确凿的
conclusion n. 结尾,结论;推论,缔结,议定
eventual adj. 最后的,必然发生的
terminal adj.
(线路、网络、时间)末端的,终点的,极限的
eg:She’s in the terminal stages of cancer.
a terminal exam 期末考试
n. (火车或汽车的)终点(站),末端;终端,接线端
注:ultimate
强调“最后的、最终的”
last 强调按顺序排在最后的
conclusive 强调作为最后的
eventual 强调经过一个发展过程到了最后的
last
ultimate
conclusive
conclusion
eventual
terminal
eg:She’s in the terminal stages of cancer.
amount to
(本义)合计,共达;(引申)相当于,意味着,实际上是
eg:The total cost of repairs amounted to 60 pounds.
I don’t think whatever they say amounts to much.
amount for 解释,说明(……的原因)
amount
arise vi.
出现,发生;由……引起,起源于(from)
eg:A difficulty arose right here.
rise vi.
升起,上升,起立,起床;说明主语自身移向较高的位置;起义,奋起
raise vt.
举起,提高,抬高;说明主语发出的动作是要作用于其他事物的;引起,惹起;提出(问题);养育,饲养
有些情况rise和raise可互用
eg:Prices have been raised up.
价格被提高了。(强调人为的因素)
Prices rose gradually. 价格渐渐地涨上去了。(强调客观情况)
rise和raise 作n.时为“加薪”时,raise 为美语,rise为英语
arouse 唤醒,醒来,唤起,引起
vt.\vi.
注:rise-rose-risen
raise-raised—raised
arise-arose-arisen arouse-aroused-aroused
rise
raise
arouse
for the
sake of 为了,为了……利益,看在……份上
for…purpose 为了……的目的
for the
purpose of -ing
为了(做某事)
for…purpose 为了……的目的
for
accuse sb. of
指责或指控某人犯有某罪
charge sb. with
指控或控告某人犯有某罪
charge
pace n. 速度;节奏
rate n. 速度;率,比率;价格
speed n.
速度;快,迅速
at\by\in speed 在速度方面
growth n. 增长,增加;发展
rate
speed
growth
[a man]
by the name
of\of the
name of 一个名叫……
(go) by the
name of 名叫……
be…in name 名义上的……
in the name
of 以……的名义
under the
name of 用……的名字,以……为笔名
(go)
be…in
in
under
do sb.
credit\do credit
to sb. 使……受到好评
bring credit
to sb. 为……争得荣誉;
不说 make
a credit for
sb.
bring
as for\to 至于,关于
but for 若不是,若没有
except for 除……外
but
except
tired adj. 疲劳的,累的
be tired of
对……感到厌烦
bore vt. 使厌烦,使厌倦
be bored with
sth. 对……感到厌烦
be fed up
with 对……腻了,对……厌烦了
disgust vt. 使厌倦
be disgusted at\with\by
对……感到厌恶
bore
be
disgust
threaten vt.
(以自然灾祸为主语)预示要,有可能会
eg:The dark clouds threaten to rain.
Her nervousness threatens to ruin the whole idea.
announce vt.
预示(以名词作宾语,不跟不定式)
announce
influence n.
影响,感化力(多作不可数名词)
have influence on\with\over sb. 对……有影响
under the influence of 在……的影响下
effect n. 效果,作用,影响;结果
have a\an…effect on (以事物作主语)对……产生影响
impact n.
(本义)冲击,碰撞;(引申)(强烈的)作用,影响
have\make a great impact on sb.
(以事物作主语)对……产生巨大的影响
effect
impact
explore vt. 探险,勘探;探索,探究
probe v.
探索,探查,探测
句型:probe sth.\probe for sth.\probe into sth.
search (for) vt.
搜,寻找,探查
probe
search
extend n. 程度,范围;广度,长度[u.]
range n.
幅度,范围,距离;一系列(职权,学识,可供选择的)
eg:The shop keeps a wide range of goods.
field n. (学科)领域,范围;(从事的)专业
limit n. 限度,限制;(pl.)范围
range
field
limit
score n.
比分,得分;分数;(量词)二十
mark n. (考试)分数
record n. 记录,记载;最高纪录,最佳成绩
mark
record
complete adj.
完整的;完全的;全部的;整个的
作表语:完成;结束 eg:When will the building work
be complete?
通常作定语:彻底的;全面的;完全的
eg:a complete stranger 素不相识的人
a complete idiot
十足的白痴
a complete nonentity
完全的虚构
thorough adj.
①通常作定语,彻底的,完全的,细致的;深入的
②做事彻底的、全面的、细致的或深入的
eg:He’s a slow worker but very
thorough.他做事慢,但非常仔细。
③作定语(derog贬)十足的;彻头彻尾的
eg:The woman is a thorough nuisance. 那个女人讨厌透了
作表语:完成;结束
通常作定语:彻底的;全面的;完全的
eg:a complete stranger 素不相识的人
thorough
situation n.
状况,处境,局面,形势(尤指某个时期的)
eg:get into\out of a difficult situation 陷入/摆脱困难的状况
the worsening diplomatic situation 日益恶化的外交局面
context 上下文,语境
circumstance n.
①(与某个人物或事件相联系的)条件,情况;(pl.)境遇,经济状况;
②(城镇、建筑物等相对于周围环境的)位置
eg:a beautiful circumstance overlooking the
valley.可俯瞰山谷的优美地点。
③有酬劳的工作;职业
condition n. ⑴状态;处境;地位;身份 eg:the
human condition 人类的处境
the condition of slavery 奴隶的身份
⑵[u.]①现状、状况、情况
②健康状况,健康
eg:He’s in excellent condition for a man of his
age.他就年龄而言,身体极好
⑶[c.]①条件②条款;规定;约定;条件
⑷conditions [pl.]环境,情况
⑸[c.]疾病 eg: a heart,liver,brain,etc. condition 心脏、肝脏、脑等的疾病
⑹[c.]阶级,等级 eg:people of every condition\of all conditions 社会各阶层人士
⑺in mint condition 簇新的,无污损的,完美的
on condition (that)…
在……条件下;倘若……
on no condition 一点也不
environment n.
①[u.c.](影响人们生活的)情况、环境等
②the environment (我们生活的)自然环境(如土地、空气、水)
eg:Many people are concerned about the pollution of the
environment.
许多人都关心环境污染问题
circumstance
②(城镇、建筑物等相对于周围环境的)位置
condition
⑷conditions [pl.]环境,情况
⑸[c.]疾病 eg: a heart,liver,brain,etc. condition 心脏、肝脏、脑等的疾病
⑹[c.]阶级,等级 eg:people of every condition\of all conditions 社会各阶层人士
⑺in mint condition 簇新的,无污损的,完美的
environment
clear up (天)放晴;使变清;清理
clear away 收拾,整理,把……清除掉
clear out 将(……的内部)清理干净
clear off
清理掉(里面或上面的东西),收拾,整理
ahead of schedule 比规定时间提早
in advance 提前,事先(不说in advance of schedule)
clear
clear
clear
ahead of schedule 比规定时间提早
in advance 提前,事先(不说in advance of schedule)
efficient adj. ⑴(指人)能胜任的;有能力的
eg:He’s efficient at his job.
⑵(尤指工具、机器、系统等)有效力的
effective adj. ⑴①有效的,产生预期效果的
eg:effective measures to reduce unemployment
减少失业的有效措施
②产生深刻印象的 eg:a effective speech 精彩的演说
⑵作定语①实际的,实在的,现有的
eg:the effective membership of a society.现有的全体会员
②适于承担工作或任务的
eg:The effective strength of the army.军队的战斗力
effective
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