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canvas在手机页面上被自动放大导致模糊问题(canvas.style.width和canvas.width的区别)
这几天在移动端页面用到了canvas画折线图。遇到了两个比较关键的问题。
1.canvas.style.width跟canvas.width(同理,canvas.style.height和canvas.style.height)是两个不同的概念。
canvas.style.width是浏览器渲染canvas的尺寸,而canvas.width是canvas的画布大小。所以不要误以为在css里面设置了canvas的尺寸就OK啦。如果没有设置canvas的width和height属性,则其默认值是width:300px,height:150px。(PS:同时利用style.width,style.height,width,height可控制缩放效果)。
demo:
DOCTYPE html>
<</span>html>
<</span>head>
<</span>title>Demo</</span>title>
<</span>meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<</span>script type="text/javascript">
function drawDiagonal(id){
var canvas=document.getElementByIdx_x(id);
var context=canvas.getContext("2d");
context.beginPath();
context.moveTo(0,0);
context.lineTo(100,100);
context.stroke();
}
window.onload=function(){
drawDiagonal("diagonal1");
drawDiagonal("diagonal2");
drawDiagonal("diagonal3");
}
</</span>script>
</</span>head>
<</span>body>
<</span>canvas id="diagonal1" style="border:1px solid;" width="100px" height="100px"></</span>canvas>
<</span>canvas id="diagonal2" style="border:1px solid;width:200px;height:200px;" width="100px" height="100px"></</span>canvas>
<</span>canvas id="diagonal3" style="border:1px solid;width:200px;height:200px;"></</span>canvas>
</</span>body>
</</span>html>
2.canvas在手机上的效果是变模糊了,原因是被自动放大了。所以必须得把canvas放大。大家或许会问到底要放大多少。这是我们需要根据不同的手机的devicePixelRatio(设备像素比,简介文章:http://www.zhangxinxu.com/wordpress/2012/08/window-devicepixelratio/)来进行缩放canvas。
利用devicePixelRatio和第一个问题的方法,我们可以解决如题现象。
demo(手机截图):
左图模糊,右图正常。表格上的圆上用css写的,用来作对比。该demo的源代码地址是:http://files.cnblogs.com/joyho/graph.rar
左图的源代码:
DOCTYPE html>
<</span>html>
<</span>head>
<</span>meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<</span>meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-cache" />
<</span>meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no" />
<</span>meta name="MobileOptimized" content="320"/>
<</span>title></</span>title>
<</span>style>
.spot{
display: block;
background:#1881f0;
width:18px;
height:18px;
border-radius: 9px;
margin-left:100px;
}
</</span>style>
</</span>head>
<</span>body>
<</span>span class="spot"></</span>span>
<</span>canvas id="a_canvas" width="400" height="300"></</span>canvas>
<</span>script type="text/javascript">
(function (){
window.addEventListener("load", function(){
var data = [80,92,104,110,68,50,45,90,74,68,98,103];
// 获取上下文
var a_canvas = document.getElementByIdx_x('a_canvas');
var context = a_canvas.getContext("2d");
// 描绘边框
var grid_cols = data.length + 1;
var grid_rows = 10;
var cell_height = a_canvas.height / grid_rows;
var cell_width = a_canvas.width / grid_cols;
context.lineWidth = 1;
context.strokeStyle = "#cdcdcd";
console.log("cell_width,cell_height:",cell_width,cell_height);
// 结束边框描绘
context.beginPath();
// 准备画横线
for (var col = 0; col <= grid_cols; col++) {
var x = col * cell_width;
context.moveTo(x,0);
context.lineTo(x,a_canvas.height);
}
// 准备画竖线
for(var row = 0; row <= grid_rows; row++){
var y = row * cell_height;
context.moveTo(0,y);
context.lineTo(a_canvas.width, y);
}
context.lineWidth = 1;
context.strokeStyle = "#cdcdcd";
context.stroke();
var max_v = 0;
for(var i = 0; i<</span>data.length; i++){
if (data[i] > max_v) { max_v = data[i]};
}
max_v = max_v * 1.1;
// 将数据换算为坐标
var points = [];
for( var i=0; i <</span> data.length; i++){
var v= data[i];
var px = cell_width * (i +1);
var py = v;
points.push({"x":px,"y":py});
}
// 绘制折现
context.beginPath();
context.moveTo(points[0].x, points[0].y);
for(var i= 1; i<</span> points.length; i++){
context.lineTo(points[i].x,points[i].y);
console.log(points[i].x,points[i].y);
}
context.lineWidth = 2;
context.strokeStyle = "#1881f0";
context.stroke();
//绘制坐标图形
for(var i in points){
var p = points[i];
context.beginPath();
context.arc(p.x,p.y,9,0,2*Math.PI);
context.fillStyle = "#1881f0";
context.fill();
//写文字
context.textAlign = "center";
context.textBaseline = "middle";
context.fillStyle = "#fff";
context.font="12px Arial";
context.fillText("12", p.x-1,p.y-1)
}
},false);
})();
</</span>script>
</</span>body>
右图的源代码如下
其中解决问题的关键代码是:
var tScale = window.devicePixelRatio, tWidth = 400, tHeight = 300; a_canvas.style.width = tWidth + "px"; a_canvas.style.height = tHeight + "px"; a_canvas.width = tWidth * tScale; a_canvas.height = tHeight * tScale;
其中圆、文字、线条也需要乘以这个window.devicePixelRatio的值:
context.arc(p.x,p.y,9*tScale,0,2*Math.PI);//圆半径:9*tScale
context.font=12*tScale+"px Arial";//文字大小:12*tScale
context.lineWidth = 2;//线条的宽度:1*tScale
DOCTYPE html>
<</span>html>
<</span>head>
<</span>meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<</span>meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-cache" />
<</span>meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no" />
<</span>title></</span>title>
<</span>style>
.spot{
display: block;
background:#1881f0;
width:18px;
height:18px;
border-radius: 9px;
margin-left:100px;
}
</</span>style>
</</span>head>
<</span>body>
<</span>span class="spot"></</span>span>
<</span>canvas id="a_canvas"></</span>canvas>
<</span>script type="text/javascript">
(function (){
window.addEventListener("load", function(){
var data = [80,92,104,110,68,50,45,90,74,68,98,103];
// 获取上下文
var a_canvas = document.getElementByIdx_x('a_canvas');
var tScale = window.devicePixelRatio,
tWidth = 400,
tHeight = 300;
a_canvas.style.width = tWidth + "px";
a_canvas.style.height = tHeight + "px";
a_canvas.width = tWidth * tScale;
a_canvas.height = tHeight * tScale;
for(var i=0;i<</span>data.length;i++){
data[i] = data[i]*tScale;
}
var context = a_canvas.getContext("2d");
// 描绘边框
var grid_cols = data.length + 1;
var grid_rows = 10;
var cell_height = a_canvas.height / grid_rows;
var cell_width = a_canvas.width / grid_cols;
context.lineWidth = 1;
context.strokeStyle = "#cdcdcd";
console.log("cell_width,cell_height:",cell_width,cell_height);
// 结束边框描绘
context.beginPath();
// 准备画横线
for (var col = 0; col <= grid_cols; col++) {
var x = col * cell_width;
context.moveTo(x,0);
context.lineTo(x,a_canvas.height);
}
// 准备画竖线
for(var row = 0; row <= grid_rows; row++){
var y = row * cell_height;
context.moveTo(0,y);
context.lineTo(a_canvas.width, y);
}
context.lineWidth = 1;
context.strokeStyle = "#cdcdcd";
context.stroke();
var max_v = 0;
for(var i = 0; i<</span>data.length; i++){
if (data[i] > max_v) { max_v = data[i]};
}
max_v = max_v * 1.1;
// 将数据换算为坐标
var points = [];
for( var i=0; i <</span> data.length; i++){
var v= data[i];
var px = cell_width * (i +1);
var py = v;
points.push({"x":px,"y":py});
}
// 绘制折现
context.beginPath();
context.moveTo(points[0].x, points[0].y);
for(var i= 1; i<</span> points.length; i++){
context.lineTo(points[i].x,points[i].y);
console.log(points[i].x,points[i].y);
}
context.lineWidth = 2;
context.strokeStyle = "#1881f0";
context.stroke();
//绘制坐标图形
for(var i in points){
var p = points[i];
context.beginPath();
context.arc(p.x,p.y,9*tScale,0,2*Math.PI);
context.fillStyle = "#1881f0";
context.fill();
//写文字
context.textAlign = "center";
context.textBaseline = "middle";
context.fillStyle = "#fff";
context.font=12*tScale+"px Arial";
context.fillText("12", p.x-1,p.y-1)
}
},false);
})();
</</span>script>
</</span>body>