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Unit 17

Listening

1.      stuff: used to refer to a substance or a group of things or ideas, etc without saying exactly what they are物、物质

There's some sticky stuff on the carpet.

They sell bread and cakes and stuff like that.

2.      obstacle: something that makes it difficult for you to go somewhere or to succeed at something障碍；妨碍物

to overcome an obstacle

Women still have to overcome many obstacles to gain equality.

3.      sidewalk: a hard surface or path at the side of a street for people to walk on人行道

4.      escalator: moving stairs that take people from one level of a building to another扶梯

We took the escalator down to the basement.

5.      hang out with: to spend a lot of time in a particular place or with particular people和……消磨时间

 

Reading

1.      award

n. a prize given to someone for something they have achieved奖；奖品；奖金

the award for best actress

to receive/win an award

He won the award of $10,000.

v. to officially give someone something such as a prize or an amount of money授予奖励

He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics.

The judges awarded the first prize to her. = The judges awarded her the first prize.

2.      move around/about = get around/about: to move from one place to another四处走动；活动

I could hear someone moving around upstairs.

She's eighty now, and doesn't get about much any more.

waist: the part around the middle of your body腰

She had a 26 inch waist.

The skirt was too big around the waist.

3.      dress

vt. & vi. to put clothes on yourself or someone else

Aunt Margaret told her to dress herself in her nicest dress.

I dress the kids before I go to work.

vi. to wear a particular kind of clothes

Dress warmly if you're going out for a walk.

 I spend most of my time in the house with young children, so I dress casually.

be/get dressed in: to be wearing

The lady was dressed in red at the party.

4.      fair:

n. an event where people show and sell goods or services relating to a particular business or hobby商品交易会；商品博览会

a trade/book fair

5.      limit v. to control something so that it is less than a particular amount or number限制

I try to limit the amount of fat that I eat.

We'll have to limit the number of guests.

I try to limit myself to two glasses of wine a day.

6.      potential

n. [U] qualities or abilities that may develop and allow someone or something to succeed潜力

She has a lot of potential as a writer.

She has the potential to become a champion.

adj.  likely to develop into a particular type of person or thing in the future潜在的；可能的

a potential danger/threat

A number of potential buyers have expressed interest in the building.

7.      guidance  n. help or advice 指引；引导

Students make choices about their future, with the guidance of their teachers.

   I went to a counselor for guidance on my career.

8.      launch v. to begin an important activity开办

to launch a career/project/business

They launched a fierce attack against their enemies.

9.      gifted adj. having a natural ability to do things extremely well有天赋的

a gifted athlete

a school for gifted children

She was an extremely gifted poet.

10.  rewarding adj. making you feel satisfied that you have done something well值得的

Teaching is hard work but it's very rewarding.

reward n. something that you get because you have done something good or helpful or have worked hard报酬；奖金

The parents of the missing boy are offering a reward of $10,000.

She got no reward for all the hard work she did.

v. to give a reward to someone奖赏

She was rewarded for her bravery.

   She wanted to reward the cleaners for their efforts.

11.  recognition  n. [U] when you accept that something is true or real承认；认可

He has achieved recognition and respect as a scientist.

   There is a general recognition that she's the best person for the job.

12.  sympathy  n. [U] the feeling of being sorry for someone who is in a bad situation同情（心）

She wrote a letter expressing her sympathy.

I have no sympathy for people who say they can't find work.

13.  overcome  v. to deal with and control a problem or feeling战胜；克服

He's trying to overcome his drug addiction and find a job.

   Her financial problems could no longer be overcome.

14.  productive  adj. producing or achieving a lot富有成效的

Most of us are more productive in the morning.

15.  visual adj. relating to seeing视觉的

The film has masses of visual effects.

visually adv.视觉上地

16.  impair v. to damage something or make it not as good as it should be

The illness had impaired his ability to think and concentrate.

17.  motivate v. to make someone enthusiastic about doing something激发

A good teacher has to be able to motivate her students.

   Teaching is all about motivating people to learn.

18.  frustrate v. to make someone feel annoyed because things are not happening in the way that they want挫败；使感到灰心

The fact that he's working with amateurs really frustrates him.

It really frustrates me when she arrives late for meetings.

frustrating adj. making you feel annoyed, upset, or impatient because you cannot do what you want to do令人灰心的

It's so frustrating not to have a car to get around.

It's so frustrating when you're in a hurry and the traffic isn't moving.

frustrated adj. feeling annoyed, upset, and impatient, because you cannot control or change a situation, or achieve something感到灰心的；挫败的

He gets frustrated when people don't understand what he's trying to say.

I'm very frustrated with my lack of progress.

19. adjust v.

to change something slightly so that it works better, fits better, or is more suitable调整；调节

You can adjust the heat using this switch here.

Check and adjust the brakes regularly.

to gradually become familiar with a new situation; adapt适应

They found it hard to adjust to life in a new country.

She soon adjusted herself to her roommate’s way of life.

Integrating skills

1.      every four years每四年

Every three/third day, he went to see his girlfriend.

2.      athlete n. someone who competes in sports competitions运动员

athletic adj. relating to athletes or to the sports运动的

athletic ability

3.      ceremony n. a formal event that is performed on important social or religious occasions仪式；典礼

a wedding/marriage ceremony

an award ceremony

4. fierce adj.

a. violent or angry猛烈的；凶猛的

a fierce attack

a fierce dog

    b. very strong or powerful激烈的；猛烈的

fierce winds/storms

There is fierce competition between car manufacturers

4.      unity n. [U]when a group of people or countries agree or are joined together团结；联合

national unity

family unity

5.      hardship n. [C][U]something that makes your life difficult or unpleasant

Many students are suffering severe financial hardship.

During the war we faced many hardships.

6.      victory n. the success you achieve when you win a battle, game, election etc

We're very confident of victory.

He had won a comfortable victory in the general election.

7.      finish/finishing line终点线

8.      dignity n. calm and serious behavior that makes people respect you尊严

A man’s dignity depends not upon his wealth but upon his character.

She lost her home and all her money, but she never lost her dignity.

9.      shameful adj. shameful behavior or actions are so bad that someone should feel ashamed可耻的；丢脸的；不体面的

This is a shameful waste of our natural resources.

Divorce is no longer so shameful and is popularly seen as a solution to marital difficulties.

10.  ashamed adj. feeling embarrassed and guilty because of something you have done感到惭愧的、羞耻的

He is ashamed of his failure/having failed.

I’m ashamed to have behaved so badly at your party.

11.  participate v. to take part in an activity or event参与；参加

Everyone in the class is expected to participate actively in these discussions.

Members can participate in any of the trips organized by the club.

participation n. [U]the act of taking part in an activity or event

Thank you for your participation.

We want more participation in the decision-making.

participant n. someone who is taking part in an activity or event参与者

All participants finishing the race will receive a medal.

   Simon is an active participant in the demonstration.

12.  Olympian n. athlete who takes part in the Olympic Games

Writing

1.      have equal access to...   have the equal right to enter a place有平等的权利进入……

Every student has free access to the library.

2.      facilities n. rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a particular purpose设备；设施

public facilities

   kitchen facilities

   transportation facilities

3.      accessible adj. easy to obtain or use可达到的；易接近的

Because of the snow, many parts of the countryside are only accessible by helicopter.

Integrating skills (WB)

1.      marker n. a sign that shows where something is标志

A marble marker shows where the battle took place.

2.      level adj. flat水平的

The floors in the old house were not completely level.

   The level surface is suitable for wheelchairs.

3.      even adj. flat and level, with no parts that are higher than other parts平的；平滑的

The floor must be completely even before we lay the tiles.

You need a even surface to work on.

He had lovely white, even teeth.

4.      unmarked adj. having no words or signs on it to show where or what it is无记号的；无标记的

an unmarked police car

5.      be suitable for = be right for 对……合适的

The house is not really suitable for a large family.

   She has no other dress suitable for the occasion.

6.      interior n. the inside part of something内部

The interior of the house was furnished with heavy, old-fashioned pieces.

7.      sink n. a large open container that you fill with water and use for washing faces, washing dishes etc脸盆；水盆

8.      fixture n. a piece of equipment that is fixed inside a house or building and is sold as part of the house装置；设备

bathroom fixtures

9.      hallway n. a passage in a building or house that leads to many of the rooms走廊

10.  wiring n. the system of wires that carry electricity around a building配线

The wiring needs to be replaced.

 

Grammar (Direct and Indirect Objects) & Exercises related

宾语主要可以分为两类：直接宾语（the Direct Object）和间接宾语（the Indirect Object）。直接宾语表示动作的承受者或结果；间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的。

Please show me your passport ( = Please show your passport to me).请把护照给我看一下。

    Please fetch us a mop ( = Please fetch a mop for us).请你给我们拿一把拖布来。

间接宾语只在某些动词后使用。常见的这类动词有：

   1) give, show, send, bring, offer, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, pay, throw, allow, wish, teach, promise, award, accord, grant, owe, refuse, deny等：

Pass me the salt, please.请把盐递给我。

I’ll lend you something to read.我借点书给你看。

He only allowed us two hours to pack up.它只给了我们两个小时来收拾行李。

Remember to write us a note when you get there.到那里时记住给我们写封短信来。

We mustn’t deny ourselves such a good chance to travel.我们不应当放弃这样一次旅行的好机会。

They accorded him a hearty reception.他们热情地接待了他。

   2) make, buy, do, fetch, get, paint, play, save, reserve, spare, order, cook, sing, find等：

I hope you will do me a favor.我希望你能帮我个忙。

They asked me to sing them an English song.他们要我给他们唱首英文歌。

Such an arrangement will spare/save us a lot of trouble.这样的安排可以使我们省去很多麻烦。

Play us some folk music, please.请给我们演奏一些民间乐曲。

Let’s get the children something to drink.咱们去给孩子们找点东西喝。

The street committee found us four jobs.街道委员会给我们找到四份工作。

间接宾语通常是和直接宾语在一起用的，但在cost, last等动词后间接宾语可以单独使用：

The shirt cost me (间接宾语) thirty dollars (状语).这衬衫花了我30美元。

One tube of tooth-paste will last you (间接宾语) about three months (状语).一管牙膏你能够用三个月。

间接宾语有时可改成一个由to或for引起的短语，在意思上没有什么差别：

I’ll return the book to you tomorrow ( = I’ll return you the book tomorrow).我明天换你书。

The government granted a loan to them ( = The government granted them a loan).政府给了他们一笔贷款。

Fetch a few chairs for us, will you ( =Fetch us a few chairs, will you)?给我们搬几把椅子来，好吗？

上述第一类动词后的间接宾语，多可换为由to引起的短语，第二类动词后的间接宾语，一般可换为由for引起的短语。个别间接宾语需要换为其他介词引起的短语：

I’d like to ask you a favor. → I’d like to ask a favor of you.

I’ll play you a game of chess. → I’ll play a game of chess with you.

注意：wish, charge, refuse, allow等动词后，很少用to引起的这类短语。

I wish you a merry Christmas.我祝你圣诞快乐。

I allow you another piece of cake.我允许你再吃一块蛋糕。