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Chapter 1. General Introduction of

International Trade Transportation

Lesson 1. Basic Concept of International Trade Transportation

1.1   Definition of Transportation: the act of transporting 

      something from one location to another
      运输就是人和物的载运和输送.

1.2   History Brief 运输的发展
      Transportation develops and becomes an independent section  

      of  production with the development of manufacturing and the

      progress of our whole society.
      运输是随着整个社会生产力的发展而发展的, 它逐步从一般的生产中分化

      出来成为一个相对独立的行业

 

1.3   What is transportation indeed?运输的本质
      Transportation is a special means of production, which
      creates new value in its process.
      运输就其性质来说,是一种特殊的生产 , 它的过程创造了
      新价值.

1.4   Characters of Modern Transportation
      现代化运输的主要特征 
      1.Macro-scale, high-speed,specialization, automatization
        大型化,       高速化,    专门化,        自动化
      2.High efficiency, low cost,  less damage
        高效,                 低费,         少损
      3.Easy and simple formalities and documents
        简化的手续和统一的单据

      4.New means of transportation 新的运输方式
      ~ containerized transportation 集装箱化的运输
        door to door  I/O  station to station, port to port
        门到门         取代站到站                  港到港
      ~ land-bridge & multi-modal transportation陆桥和多式联运
        direct exportation from inland points
        使内陆点的直接出口成为可能  

 

1.5  4 key factors for modern transportation现在运输手段的四要素
     1. vehicle 运输工具
     2. motive power 运输动力
     3. passage way 运输通路
     4. telecommunication installation 电信设备

 

1.6  Types of transportation 运输的种类
     ~ 按运输对象     货物运输 cargo transportation
       by object     旅客运输 passenger transportation

       ~ 按运输地域   国内货物运输 domestic transportation 
           by dest.  国际货物运输     贸易物资运输 commercial
                     intl transp.   非贸易物资运输 non-commercial

       ~ 国际货物运输        = 国际贸易运输         =  国际贸易 
         intl cargo transp. = intl trade transp. = intl trade

 

       ~ 运输服务就是国际贸易运输的商品, 运价就是它的商品价格, 从贸
         的角度说, 国际货物运输就是一种无形的国际贸易 
         From the perspective of trading, international cargo

         transportation is a kind of intangible international

         trading as its service is the product of international

         trade transportation and the freight is the price of the

         commodity. 

     

1.7  Characters of international transportation
     国际贸易运输的特点
    a. long distance with different countries involved
       中间环节多, 长途运输
    b. complex of natural, political and economic situations
       涉及面广,情况复杂
    c. strict timeliness
       严格的时间性
    d. high risks
       风险较大
    e. international relationship vs. international transportation 
       国际关系直接影响国际贸易运输
 

1.8 The importance of international transportation
    国际贸易运输的地位和作用
    a. a necessary step of realizing international exchange
       国际交换不可或缺的重要环节
    b. an important branch of transportation and communication
       交通运输的重要分支  
    C. international transportation prompts international trade
       促进国际贸易的发展  
    d. international transportation prompts upgrading of

       transportation 
       促进交通运输的发展
    e. an important channel for national foreign exchange 
       国家外汇收入的重要手段

 

Lesson 2. Modes of International Trade Transportation

1.    International Cargo Transportation by Ocean
      国际海上货物运输
2.    International Cargo Transportation by Railway 
      国际铁路货物运输
3.    International Cargo Transportation by Road
      国际公路货物运输
4.    International Cargo Transportation by Air
      国际航空货物运输
5.    International Cargo Transportation in Container
      国际集装箱货物运输
6.    International Multi-modal Transportation
      国际多式联合运输
7.    Other Modes of Transportation
      其它运输方式

 

 

1.  International Cargo Transportation by Ocean
    国际海上货物运输
1.1 The cargo is transported by ocean vessels among ports in 
    different countries or areas.   
    国际海上货物运输是指使用船舶通过海上航道在不同国家和地
    的港口之间运送货物的一种方式.

1.2 The advantages of International Transportation by Sea
    海上货物运输的优势
    ~ low limitation on its passage way 通过能力大
    ~ large capability 运输量大
    ~ low cost and freight 运费低廉
    ~ suitable for wide range of goods 对货物的适应性强
       

1.3 The disadvantages 缺点
    ~ low speed and long delivery time 速度较低
    ~ high risk and easily effected by weather 风险较大

 

1.4 The position of Transportation by Sea 
    海上货物运输的地位
    Transportation by sea is one of the most important 
    modes for international cargo, which undertakes 2/3
    volume in total export transportation.  
    国际海上货物运输因其明显的优势,成为国际贸易中最主
    要的运输方式, 占国际贸易总运量的2/3强.

to be continued...