中国文化拓展词汇
概述 General Terms
爱国主义精神
patriotism
诚实守信
honesty
发展先进文化，支持健康有益文化，努力改造落后文化，坚决抵制腐朽文化
develop advanced culture and support healthy and useful culture,
change what is backward and resist what is decadent
发扬民族文化的优秀传统，汲取世界各民族的长处
carry forward the fine tradition of our national culture, draw on
the strong points of other nations
发展面向现代化、面向世界、面向未来的，民族的、科学的、大众的社会主义文化
develop national, scientific and popular socialist culture geared
to the needs of modernization, of the world and of the future
公民道德建设实施纲要 the
Program for Improving Civic Morality
集体主义
collectivism
坚持为人民服务、为社会主义服务的方向和百花齐放、百家争鸣的方针
keep to the orientation of serving the people and socialism and the
principle of letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred
schools of thought contend
弘扬主旋律，提倡多样化
highlight the central theme of the times while encouraging
diversity
以科学的理论武装人，以正确的舆论引导人，以高尚的精神塑造人，以优秀的作品鼓舞人
arm people with scientific theory, provide them with correct media
guidance, imbue them with lofty ideals, and inspire them with
excellent works of literature and art
老少边穷地区和中西部地区的文化发展
the cultural development in the old revolutionary base areas, areas
inhabited by ethnic minorities, remote areas, impoverished areas
and the central and western regions of the country
全民健身运动
nationwide fitness campaign
民族精神是一个民族赖以生存和发展的精神支撑
National spirit is the ideological prop on which a
nation relies for survival and development.
社会公德、职业道德和家庭美德教育
education in social and professional ethics and family virtues
体现民族特色和国家水准的重大文化项目和艺术院团
the major cultural projects and art schools and troupes that are up
to national standards and embody national characteristics
为人民服务
serving the people
深入群众、深入生活 go deep
among the masses and into the thick of life
奉献无愧于时代的作品 contribute
to the people works worthy of the times
以爱国主义为核心的团结统一、爱好和平、勤劳勇敢、自强不息的伟大民族精神
a great national spirit centering on patriotism and featuring unity
and solidarity, love of peace, diligence, courage and ceaseless
self-improvement
增强中国特色社会主义文化的吸引力和感召力
enhance the attraction and appeal of socialist culture with Chinese
characteristics
中华文明博大精深、源远流长
The Chinese civilization is extensive and profound,
and has a long history.
重要文化遗产
major cultural heritage
优秀民间艺术
outstanding folk arts
自立于世界民族之林 stand
proudly in the family of nations
艺术及工艺 Arts and Crafts
版画
engraving
贝雕画 shell
carving picture
彩塑 painted
sculpture
瓷器 porcelain;
china
刺绣
embroidery
雕刻
carving
宫灯 palace
lantern
国画 Chinese
painting
剪纸
paper-cut
景德镇瓷
Jingdezhen porcelain
景泰蓝
cloisonné enamel
蜡染 batik
麦秸画 straw
patchwork
木/石/竹刻
wood/stone/bamboo carving
木刻画 wood
engraving
泥人儿 clay
figure
皮影 shadow
puppet
漆画 lacquer
painting
漆器
lacquerware
双面绣
two-sided embroidery
水墨画 Chinese
brush drawing; ink and wash painting
檀香扇
sandalwood fan
唐三彩 Tang
tri-coloured pottery
陶器 pottery;
earthenware
图章 seal
拓碑 making
rubbings from inscriptions, pictures, etc. on stone tablets
拓片
rubbing
微雕 miniature
engraving
象牙雕刻 ivory
carving
宜兴陶 Yixing
pottery
篆刻
sealcutting
戏剧表演 Theatrical Performances
京剧人物脸谱
types of facial makeup in Beijing opera
生 male
characters
末 middle-aged
male characters
净 “painted
face” characters
旦 female
characters
丑 clown
京剧票友
amateur performer of Peking Opera
木偶戏 puppet
show
独角戏
monodrama; one-man play
皮影戏 shadow
play; leather-silhouette show
折子戏 opera
highlights
戏剧小品
skit
哑剧 dumb show;
mime; mummery; pantomime
单口相声
monologue comic talk
双口相声 witty
dialogue
口技 vocal
imitations; ventriloquisim
说书 monologue
story-telling
杂技 acrobatic
performance
叠罗汉 making a
human pyramid
特技 stunt
踩高跷 stilt
walk
马戏 circus
performances
神化人物 Mythological Figures
八仙 the Eight
Immortals
嫦娥 Chang’e
(the Chinese moon goddess)
伏羲 Fu Xi (God
of Fishery and Husbandry)
福禄寿三星 the
three gods of fortune, prosperity and longevity
共工 God of
Water
后羿 Houyi (a
legendary hero who shot down nine suns)
黄帝 Yellow
Emperor
夸父 Kuafu (a
fabled sun-chasing giant)
女娲 Goddess of
Sky-patching
盘古 Pan Gu
(creator of the universe)
神农 Patron of
Agriculture
禹 Yu (the
reputed founder of the Xia Dynasty)
祝融 God of
Fire
古代建筑 Ancient Architecture
塔 pagoda
琉璃塔 glazed
stupa
舍利塔 dagoba;
sarira stupa (a pagoda for Buddhist relics)
舍利子 sarira
remains from cremation of Buddha’s or saints’ body
喇嘛塔 Lamaist
pagoda
楼 storied
buildings
钟楼 bell
tower
鼓楼 drum
tower
阁 pavilion
烽火台 beacon
tower
华表 ornamental
column
牌坊 memorial
archway
传统节日 Traditional Festivals
拜年 paying a New Year call
爆竹
firecracker
鞭炮 a string
of small firecrackers
除夕 New
Year’s Eve
春节 Spring
Festival
春联 Spring
Festival couplets (conveying best wishes for the year)
辞旧迎新 bid
farewell to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year and
ring in the new
大扫除 year-end
household cleaning
灯谜 lantern
riddles
登高 hill
climbing
端午节 Dragon
Boat Festival
恭喜发财 May
you be prosperous!/ Wish you all the best!
观灯 viewing
the lanterns
贺年片 New Year
film
饺子 dumplings
(with meat and vegetable stuffing)
龙灯舞 dragon
lantern dance
庙会 temple
fair
年画 New Year
picture
年夜饭 family
reunion dinner on Lunar New Year’s Eve
清明节
Tomb-sweeping Festival
扫墓 paying
respect to the dead
赏菊 enjoying
chrysanthemum
赏月 enjoying
the full moon
狮子舞 lion
dance
压岁钱 money
given to children as a Lunar New Year gift
秧歌舞 yangge
dance
元宵 sweet
rice-flour dumplings (eaten on the Lantern Festival)
元宵节 Lantern
Festival
月饼 moon
cake
植树节
Tree-planting Day
中秋节
Mid-autumn Festival
重阳节 Double
Ninth Festival
粽子 a
pyramid-shaped dumpling made of glutinous rice wrapped in bamboo or
reed leaves
烹饪 Culinary Arts
美食节 gourmet
festival
中餐烹饪
Chinese cuisine
色、香、味、形俱全 perfect
combination of color, aroma, taste and appearance
四大蔡系：山东菜、四川菜、粤菜、扬州菜
four major Chinese cuisines: Shandong cuisine, Sichuan cuisine,
Canton cuisine and Yangzhou cuisine
南淡北咸，东甜西辣 the light
southern cuisine, and the salty northern cuisine; the sweet eastern
cuisine, and the spicy western cuisine
八宝菜
eight-treasure pickles (assorted walnut meats, asparagus, lettuce,
almonds, cucumber and peanuts, etc. pickled in soy sauce)
白斩鸡 tender
boiled chicken (made by boiling a hole chicken in water and cutting
into cubes, then dipping into seasonings)
臭豆腐
odd-odour bean curb
粉蒸肉 pork
streamed with rice flour
风味小吃 local
delicacy
腐竹 rolls of
dried bean milk cream
冷盘 hors
d’oeuvres
萨其马 Manchu
candied fritter cut in squares
刀切、火候 Cutting and Slicing Techniques, Heat
Control
切片
slicing
切条 cutting to
strips
切丝
shredding
切柳
filleting
切丁 dicing
切碎
mincing
磨碎
grinding
大/旺/武火
strong heat
中火 medium
heat
小/微/文火
gentle heat
烹饪方法 Cooking Techniques
煎
pan-frying
炒
stir-frying
爆
quick-frying
炸
deep-frying
烩 stewing
熏 smoking
煨
simmering
煮 boiling
烘 baking
烤 roasting
蒸 steaming
红烧 braising
(with soy sauce)
涮羊肉
dip-boiled mutton slices
羊肉串小摊
mutton barbecue stall
宗教 Religions
佛教
Buddhism
释迦牟尼
Sakyamuni
佛寺 Buddhist
temple
大雄宝殿 the
Great Buddha’s Hall
藏经楼
depositary of Buddhist texts
金刚经
Vajracchedika-sutra
素菜馆
vegetarian restaurant
罗汉堂 arhat
hall
观音 Guanyin;
Goddess of Mercy; Avalokitesvara
地藏 God of
Earth
四大金刚 Four
Heavenly Guardians (at the entrance to a Buddhism temple); Four
Devarajas)
四大天王 Four
Heavenly Kings
因果报应
karma
藏传佛教
Lamaism
大藏经
Tripitaka
转世灵童
reincarnated soul boy
喇嘛庙
lamasery
道教 Taoism
道观 Taoist
temple
道士 Taoist
priest
关帝庙 temple
of Lord Guan
儒教
Confucianism
孔子庙
Confucian temple
孔子
Confucius
义，礼，智，信，忠，怒，孝，悌
rightness, propriety, wisdom, trustworthiness, loyalty,
reciprocity, filial piety, brotherly love
学而优则仕
A good scholar can become an official./ He who
excels in study can follow an official career.
禅宗 Zen
Buddhism
不立别传，不立文字，直指人心，见性成佛
The belief is passed on outside the religion.
There is no reliance on written scripts.
It goes straight into people’s minds.
One becomes a Buddha the moment.
He sees his own Buddha nature.
伊斯兰教
Islam
清真寺
mosques
古兰经 the
Koran
耶稣教
Christianity
耶稣基督 Jesus
Christ
洗礼
baptism
天主教
Catholicism
天主教堂
Catholic church
古代典籍 Famous Ancient Books
《春秋》 The
Spring and Autumn Annals
《史记》
Historical Records
《诗经》 The
Book of Songs
《书经》 The
Book of History
《易经》 The
Book of Changes
《礼记》 The
Book of Rites
四书： The Four
Books:
《大学》 The
Great Learning
《中庸》 The
Doctrine of the Mean
《论语》 The
Analects of Confucius
《孟子》 The
Mencius
《山海经》 The
Classic of Mountains and Rivers
《本草纲目》
Compendium of Materia Medica
《资治通鉴》
History Retold as a Mirror for Rulers
《西厢记》 The
Romance of West Chamber
《三国演义》
The Romance of the Three Kingdoms
《水浒传》
Heroes of the Marshes; Water Margins
《西游记》
Pilgrimage to the West
《红楼梦》
Dream of the Red Mansions; The Story of the Stone
《聊斋志异》
Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio
六艺：礼、乐、射、御、书、数
six classical arts: rites, music, archery, riding, writing,
arithmetic
朦胧诗 misty
poetry
三字经
three-character scripture
武侠小说 tales
of roving knights; martial arts novel; a kung fu novel
言情小说
romantic fiction; sentimental novel
八股文
eight-part essay; stereotyped writing
五言绝句
five-character quatrain
七言律诗
seven-character octave
课外练习
一
翻译一下句子，注意同一词语在不同语境中的处理方法：
1
我与父亲不相见已有2年余，我最不能忘记的是他的背影。
2 这时我看见他的背影，我的眼泪很快流下来了。
3 等他的背影混入来来往往的人里，再找不着了，我便进来坐下……
4
我读到此处，在晶莹的泪光中，又看见了那肥胖的，青布棉袍，黑布马褂的背
影。
二
结合文化语境翻译下列句子：
1
这对年轻夫妇并不相配，一个是西施，一个是张飞。
2
林边有一个洞，叫白龙洞，传说《白蛇传》的白娘子曾经在这里修炼。
3
腊月二十三灶王爷上天，后台封上戏箱，要等年初一开戏。
4 下象棋我只会马走日，象走田。
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