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Lesson Five
A puma at large
Question:Where must the puma have come from?
Pumas are large,cat-like animals which are found in America.when reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London,they were not taken seriously.However,as the evidence began to accumulate,experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate,for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar.The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackberries saw‘a lage cat'only five yards away from her.It immediately ran away when she saw it,and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being unless it is cornered.The search proved difficult,for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at another place twenty miles away in the evening.Wherever it went,it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits.Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was found clinging to bushes.Several people complained of‘cat-like noises’at night and a businessman on a fishing trip saw the puma up a tree.The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma,but where had it come from?As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country,this one must have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape.The hunt went on for several weeks,but the puma was not caught.It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.

puma  n. 美洲狮
large   adj.大的
at large  逍遥自在
like   prep. 象，如同
cat-like   adj.像猫一样的
animal  n.动物
which  pron.在这里做关系代词引导定语从句
find(found,found)  v.  发现
be found  被发现
America    n.美洲
when conj. 当。。。的时候
report   n.报告
come (came,come)  v.  来到，到达
that  conj.在这里做关系连词引导定语从句（或同位语从句）
wild   adv. 野生的
spot(spotted,spotted)  v.发现
be spotted  被发现
had been spotted （已经）被发现 （过去完成时）
south   n.南部
south of....。。。以南
London   n.伦敦
take(took,taken)  v.对待、看待
be taken（被动语态）被对待
seriously adv. 认真地、严肃地
as  conj. 随着
evidence   n. 证据
accumulate  v. 积累
expert   n. 专家
feel(felt,felt)  v.  感到
oblige  v. 迫使、强制
feel obliged 觉得不得不、觉得必要
investigate   v. 调查
for   conj. 因为
description  n. 描述
give(gave,given)  v.给
given（过去分词表示被动）做定语
who  pron.在这里做关系代词引导定语从句
claim  v. 声称
to have seen 是see 的完成时的不定式做claim的宾语
extraordinarily  adj.  出奇的
similar  adj. 相似的
hunt for   v.搜寻
where conj.在这里做关系连词引导定语从句
pick  v. 采摘
picking在这里是 pick的现在分词做定语
yard  n. 码（长度单位）、院子
immediately  adv. 立即地
run(ran ,run)   v.逃跑
that  conj.在这里做关系连词引导定语从句
unless  conj. 除非，如果不
corner v. 使走投无路
be cornered （被动语态）被逼得走投无路
prove  v.证明、证明是
difficult   adv.困难的
observe v. 观察，发现
be observed  被发现
wherever  adv. 无论哪里
go(went,gone)  v.走，去
leave(left,left)  v.  留下
like  prep像、如同
be seen （被动语态）被看见
a number of 若干个
be  found（被动语态）被发现
cling v. 粘附
clinging（现在分词） to bushes做宾语补足语
complain of 抱怨。。
noise   n.喧闹声，噪声
fully adv. 充分地
convince  v. 使确信，使信服
be convinced  （被动语态）确信
that conj.在这里做关系连词引导宾语补足语从句
as conj. 由于
had been reported 是report的被动语态过去完成时
miss v. 丢失
missing.... 做report的宾语补足语
must have been （must后接完成时）表示非常肯定的推测
possession  n. 拥有、财产
in the possession of  属于
private collector  n. 私人收藏家
somehow  adv.不知怎么
manage  v.设法，达成
escape   v.逃跑
to escape 是不定式做manage的宾语
go on  v. 继续
catch(caught,caught)  v.  抓住
be caught （被动语态）被抓住
it 做不定式 to think....的形式主语
disturbing  adj.  令人担忧的
that conj.在这里做关系连词引导宾语从句
dangerous  adj.   危险的
still  adv.仍然
countryside  n.乡村

第五课    逃遁的美洲狮
美洲狮是一种体形似猫的大动物，产于美洲。当伦敦动物园接到报告说，在伦敦以南45英里处发现一只美洲狮时，这些报告并没有受到重视。可是，随着证据越来越多，动物园的专家们感到有必要进行一番调查，因为凡是声称见到过美洲狮的人们所描述的情况竟是出奇的相似。搜寻美洲狮的工作是从一座小村庄开始的。那里的一位妇女在采摘黑霉时看见“一只大猫”，离她仅5码远，她刚看见它，它就立刻逃走了。专家证实，美洲狮除非被逼的走投无路，是决不会伤人的。事实上搜寻工作很困难，因为常常是早晨在甲地发现那只美洲狮，晚上却在20英里外的乙地发现它的踪迹。无论它走到哪儿，一路上总会留下一串死鹿以及死兔子之类的小动物。在许多地方看见了爪印，灌木从中也发现了粘在上面的美洲狮毛。有人抱怨说夜里听见了“像猫一样的叫声”；一位商人去钓鱼，看见那只美洲狮在树上。专家们如今已经完全肯定那只动物就是美洲狮，但它是从哪儿来的呢？由于全国动物园没有一家报告丢了美洲狮，因此那只美洲狮一定是某位私人收藏家豢养的，不知怎么设法逃出来了。搜寻工作进行了好几个星期，但始终未能逮住那只美洲狮。想到在宁静的乡村里有一头危险的野兽继续逍遥流窜，真令人担心。

Lesson Five
A puma at large
  Pumas are large,cat-like animals which are fond in America.
  When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles  south of London,they were not taken seriously.
  However,as the evidence began to accumulate,experts from the Zoo felt obliged to inves  tigate,for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were  extraordinarily similar.

  The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackberries saw‘a lage cat'only five yards away from her.
  It immediately ran away when she saw it,and experts confirmed that a puma will not at  tack a human being unless it is cornered.
  The search proved difficult,for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning  and at another place twenty miles away in the evening.

  Wherever it went,it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits.
  like noises’at night and a businessman on a fishing trip saw the puma up a tree.
  Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was found clinging to bushes.
  Several people complained of‘cat-like noises’at night and a businessman on a fishing  trip saw the puma up a tree.

  The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma,but where had it come   from?
  As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country,this one must have  been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape.
  The hunt went on for several weeks,but the puma was not caught.
  It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet   countryside.

第五课    逃遁的美洲狮
   美洲狮是一种体形似猫的大动物，产于美洲。
   当伦敦动物园接到报告说，在伦敦以南45英里处发现一只美洲狮时，这些报告并
没有受到重视。
   可是，随着证据越来越多，动物圆的专家们感到有必要进行一番调查，因为凡是声称见到过美洲狮的人们所描述的情况竟是出奇的相似。

   搜寻美洲狮的工作是从一座小村庄开始的，那里的一位妇女在采摘黑霉时看见“一只大猫”，离她仅5码远，她刚看见它，它就立刻逃走了。
   专家证实，美洲狮除非被逼的走投无路，是决不会伤人的。
   事实上搜寻工作很困难，因为常常是早晨在甲地发现那只美洲狮，晚上却在20英
里外的乙地发现它的踪迹。

   无论它走到哪儿，一路上总会留下一串死鹿以及死兔子之类的小动物。
   在许多地方看见了爪印，灌木丛中也发现了粘在上面的美洲狮毛。
   有人抱怨说夜里听见了“像猫一样的叫声”；一位商人去钓鱼，看见那只美洲狮在树上。
   专家们如今已经完全肯定那只动物就是美洲狮，但它是从哪儿来的呢？
   由于动物园没有一家报告丢了美洲狮，因此那只美洲狮一定是某位私人收藏家豢  (ｈｕàｎ)养的，不知怎么设法逃出来了。
   搜寻工作进行了好几个星期，但始终未能逮住那只美洲狮。
   想到在宁静的乡村里有一头危险的野兽继续逍遥流窜，真令人担心。

Lesson Six
Finding fossil man
Question:Why are legends handed down by storytellers useful?
We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas—legends handed down from one generation of storytellers to another. These legends are
useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago.But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first 'modern men' came from.Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace.

fossil n.  化石
read of  阅读获知
that  pron.这里做关系代词引导定语从句
Near East 近东
where在这里做关系连词引导非限定性定语从句来说明Near East
to write 是不定式做learn的宾语
part  n.  部分
where  conj.在这里做关系连词引导定语从句来说明world
that conj.在这里做关系连词引导定语从句
preserve  v.   保留
recount v. 叙述
to recount 是不定式做is 的表语
as   prep. 作为
saga   n. 史诗、传说
legend n.传说
legends做sagas的同位语
hand   v.  传递
handed 是过去分词，做legends的后置定语
generation  n.代 
storyteller  n. 讲故事的人、说书的
because  conj.因为，（这里连接一个（原因）状语从句）
who  pron.在这里做关系代词引导定语从句
what  pron.为代词，在这里相当于 the thing that.....
anthropologist   n.人类学家
wonder   v.  想知道
where  adv.在这里做关系副词引导宾语从句
remote  adj. 遥远的
ancestor   n.祖先
Polynesian  adj.  波利尼西亚人的
live  v.居住
living 是现在分词，做people 的后置定语
Pacific  n.太平洋
island  n. 岛，岛屿
explain    v.解释
that  conj.在这里做关系连词引导宾语从句
first  adj. 最初的、第一的
who  pron. 关系代词引导定语从句
like    prep. 像 。。一样
ourselves  pron. 我们自己
so...that.... 如此。。。以至。。。
that在这里做关系连词引导状语从句
if they had any 在这里是插入语（从句）
forget(forgot,forgotten)  v. 忘记
be forgotten （被动语态）被忘记
neither....nor.....既不。。也不。。
where   adv.在这里做关系副词引导宾语从句
fortunately    adv.幸运地
however  conj. 然而（ 在这里是插入语）
ancient   adj. 远古的
make(made,made)  v.制作
tool   n.工具
stone   n. 石头
especially  adv. 特别、尤其
flint   n. 燧石
especially flint  是插入语
because   conj.因为（在这里引导原因状语从句）
easy(easier,easiest)   adj.容易的
shape  v. 使成形、形状
kind  n. 种类
may  aux.（情态动词）可能（表示猜测）
wood   n.木头
skin   n. 兽皮
rot(rotted,rotted)  v. 腐烂
decay   v.腐烂
remain  v.保留
when  conj. 在这里做关系连词引导时间状语从句
who  pron. 在这里做关系代词引导定语从句
disappear  v. 消失
without  prep.没有。。
trace  n. 踪迹
第六课    发现化石人
我们从书籍中可以读到5，000年前近东发生的事情，那里的人最早学会了写字。但直到现在，世界上仍然有些地方，人们还不会书写。他们保存历史的唯一办法是将历史当作传说讲述，由讲述人一代接一代地将史实描述为传奇故事口传下来.这些传说是很有用的，因为它们能告诉我们以往人们迁居的情况，但是，没有人能把他们当时做的事情记载下来。人类学家过去不清楚如今生活在太平洋诸岛上的波利尼西亚人的祖先来自何方，当地人的传说却告诉了人们：其中有一部分是约在2，000年前从印度尼西亚迁来的。但是，和我们相似的原始人生活的年代太久远了，因此，有关他们的传说即使有如今也失传了。于是，考古学家们既缺乏历史记载，又无口头传说来帮助他们弄清最早的“现代人”是从哪里来的。然而，幸运的是，远古人用石头制作了工具，特别是用燧石，因为燧石较之其他石头更易成形。他们也可能用过木头和兽皮，但这类东西早已腐烂殆尽。石头是不会腐烂的。因此，尽管制造这些工具的人的骨头早已荡然无存，但远古时代的石头工具却保存了下来。

Lesson Six
Finding fossil man
  We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where first learned   to write.

  But there are some parts of the wofld where even now people cannot write.
  The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas—legends   handed down from one generation of storytellers to another.
  These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people   who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did.

  Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now  living in the Pacific Islands came from.
  The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000   years ago.

  But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if   they had any, are forgotten.
  So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first   'modern men' came from.
  Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is   easier to shape than other kinds.
  They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away.
  Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of   the men who made them have disappeared without trace.

第六课    发现化石人
   我们从书籍中可以读到5，000年前近东发生的事情，那里的人最早学会了写字。

   但直到现在，世界上仍然有些地方，人们还不会书写。
   他们保存历史的唯一办法是将历史当作传说讲述，由讲述人一代接一代地将史实
描述为传奇故事口传下来。
  这些传说是很有用的，因为它们能告诉我们以往人们迁居的情况，但没有人能把他们当时做的事情记载下来。

  人类学家过去不清楚如今生活在太平洋诸岛上的波利尼西亚人的祖先来自何方。
  当地人的传说却告诉了人们：其中有一部分是约在2，000年前从印度尼西亚迁来
的。

   但是，和我们相似的原始人生活的年代太久远了，因此，有关他们的传说即使有如今也失传了。
   于是，考古学家们既缺乏历史记载，又无口头传说来帮助他们弄清最早的“现代人” 是从哪里来的。
   然而，幸运的是，远古人用石头制作了工具，特别是用燧(ｓｕì)石，因为燧石较之其他石头更易成形。
   他们也可能用过木头和兽皮，但这类东西早已腐烂殆(ｄàｉ)尽。
   石头是不会腐烂的。因此，尽管制造这些工具的人的骨头早已荡然无存，但远古时代的石头工具却保存了下来。