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Traditional celebrations associated with the Spring Festival include sweeping the house and courtyard, hanging festive couplets and pictures, offering sacrifices to gods and ancestors, sitting the night out to greet the New Year, giving red packet money to kids, eating midnight meals, letting off firecrackers, visiting neighbors and friends, displaying Dragon Lanterns, performing the Drum Dance and walking on stilts.
Hanging festive couplets     贴春联                  

Dragon Boat Festival    端午节
Mid-Autumn Festival 中秋节                         

Spring Festival     春节       
Pure Brightness Festival   清明节     

lantern festival          元宵节
to sit the night out to greet the New Year       守岁  
to let off firecrackers     放鞭炮                       

red paper envelop  压岁钱
Beijing Temple Fair       北京庙会               

caraoke卡拉OK

Ex3: Translation
By the time of the Tang and Song Dynasties, there came into being a whole set of traditional New Year customs, which are still in practice today. Seven days before New Year’s Day are the busiest week for most of the Chinese families. They have to do New Year shopping, get new clothing for the family, clean and decorate the house, cook traditional food and make preparations for the New Year Feast. People believe that the Spring-Cleaning would sweep away not only the dirt, but also the diseases and bad luck of the old year, and it would bring in a bright and prosperous New Year.我国传统的新年风俗习惯形成于唐宋年间，流传到今天。新年前7天对大多数中国人来说是最忙碌的一周。他们要买年货，添置新衣，打扫和装饰房屋，烹制传统节日食品，为年夜饭做准备。人们相信大扫除不仅能扫除灰尘，还能除掉过去一年中所有的疾病和倒霉的事，从而带来一个美好而丰裕的新的一年。
The 15th of the 1st lunar month is Lantern Festival, the nation’s traditional folk holiday with various lantern shows in cities and countryside. When it is getting dark, various kinds of lanterns along the streets and in the park are lightened up. The full moon and the brilliant lanterns reflect each other and the display of fireworks and a sea of lanterns are just like fiery trees and silver flowers.  Men and women, old and young come out of their homes to enjoy the heavenly scene with zest. Everywhere in the nation is full of festive air. It is said that Lantern Festival is the climax or highlight, but the last activity during the Spring Festival celebrations, because after Lantern Festival, busy plowing season begins.农历正月15。是我国的民间的传统节日元宵节。全国各地城乡年年都要举办丰富多采的灯会。届时，男女老少，倾城出游。各式各样的灯彩，火树银花，争奇斗艳，灯月交映生辉，游人兴致勃勃，一派节日气氛，热闹非凡。所以，传统的元宵节，可以说是春节活动的最高潮和最后一幕。因为过了元宵节，春节活动一结束，繁忙的春耕就开始了。
Act3. Ex2. Translation
The 15th of the 8th lunar month is actually the middle of autumn and the weather is always pleasant and fine. At that night, as the moon may look rounder, brighter and clearer, it is the best time for people to enjoy looking at the full moon. People usually eat the mid-autumn moon cakes, which mean family reunion, while admiring the full moon and missing their distant families. The famous poem ‘Be it of longevity, to show enjoyment far afield’ expresses the genuine feelings of longing for family members and the hope for family reunion.农历8月15，这一天秋高气爽。月亮比平时更圆更明亮。是赏月的好时光。人们常常一边吃着表示团圆的月饼，一边欣赏着天上的圆月，思念着远离自己的亲人。但愿人长久，千里共婵娟的千古绝唱表达了人们在中秋之夜怀念亲人，盼望和亲人团圆的真实情感/
The Water Splashing Festival is a traditional gala occasion of the Dai people, the origin of which has different legends. The Dai people in Xi’Shuang’Ban’Na have their own legend: Once upon a time, there lives a ruthless monster who has supernatural powers and tyrannizes over the people there. He causes them infinite harm, but they can’t get rid of him. The monster has already forced seven girls to be his concubines. The seventh girl is so ingenious that she, from the monster’s mouth, gets to know his fatal weakness. She kills the monster by tying his hair round his neck. But as soon as the monster’s head falls down on the ground, it bursts uncontrollable flames and causes big fire. When the girl holds it in the arms, it then remains restful. In order to spare the people these evils, the seven girls  hold the fallen head in their arms in turn. Each is responsible for a year and at the end of the year people splash water on the girl to wash her cleaning, to wash out her tiredness, and to get rid of ill-luck for the new year. From then on, Splashing Water Festival has been celebrated to see off the old and welcome the new.泼水节是傣，佤等少数民族的传统节日，来历传说不一。西双版纳傣族传说：远古的时候.......

Act1, Ex. 3
Almost every man of the Miao nationality knows how to play the lusheng, a multiple-reed wind instrument made of bamboo. It is the only ancient wind instrument on which harmony can be played. On festivals men of the Miao nationality play the lusheng, while the Miao women cannot help dancing. Hence the festivals are filled with an air of gaiety.几乎所有苗族男子都能吹笙 。 这是古代乐器中唯一能演奏出和声的管乐器，它有多根竹管和簧片制成。逢年过节苗族男子吹起芦笙，苗族妇女翩翩起舞，为节日增添了欢乐气氛。
The schools of Chinese traditional painting fall into two categories, Xieyi and Gongbi. The term Xieyi literally means painting the feelings. It is marked by exaggeration of form and liberal use of ink while the Gongbi or ‘meticulous brushwork’ is characterized by strict and detailed representation of the subject.中国画艺术流派可分为2大类，写意也工笔。写意是以泼墨夸张的手法描绘出画家感情的画法而工笔则是以严谨入微地再现物体为特点的细致画法。
Shaanbai Yangge, a folk dancing, is very popular in Jiaxian, Mizhi, and Shuande in the north of Shaanxi Province. During the Spring Festival, the local people organize the Yangge troupes to pay a New Year visit to the residents door to door. The leading dancer, called Shan Tou, holding a silk umbrella – a symbol of the good weather for the crops, dances while singing the auspicious impromptu. The others dance in pairs while beating the drums and blowing the suona horns, a woodwind instrument, and always change their formation. Shaanbai Yangge, featured by steady footsteps, widely swinging arms, holding up head and throwing out chest, shows the honest, sincere, and optimistic spirit of the people in the North of Shaanxi.陕北秧歌流行于陕北佳县，米脂，。。。每逢新春佳节，当地群众纷纷组织起秧歌队，排门挨户的给群众拜年秧歌队领舞的称伞头，手持一把象征风调雨顺的绸伞，边舞边唱，歌词多是即兴而作的吉利之语。其他人在唢呐和锣鼓的伴奏下，相互对舞，并且不停的变换队形。陕北秧歌扭起来，步伐稳健，两臂甩动较大，挺胸昂头，具有雄健爽朗的特点，体现了陕北人民敦厚质朴，乐观向上的精神面貌。
Act 2. Ex 4
China has hundreds of kinds of local operas, each of which differs in tone, dialect, and style of music. But in the style of acting, most of the traditional Chinese operas have something in common.中国有几百种地方戏曲。每一种戏曲在曲调，音乐和方言上都不同，但在表演形式上大多数中国传统戏曲都有共同之处
Beijing Opera “Monkey Creates Havoc in Heaven” is a mythological opera based on the well-known Chinese classic, “Pilgrimage to the West”, in which the Monkey King is very popular for his intelligence and remarkable martial arts.京剧〈孙悟空大闹天宫〉是一出根据中国古典文学〈西游记〉改编的神怪剧，剧中孙悟空以聪明伶俐，超凡的武工深受大家欢迎。
The way the actor performs (the gesture he makes with his hands and the way he walks) is according to a stylized routine, and without any other settings. He mainly relies on the symbolic movements of his four limbs to show that he is opening a door, or stepping over a threshold.京剧演员的一举手一投足都要依照程式化动作的要求。演员的表演也没其他刀具，如表演开门，迈门槛等。主要靠演员用象征性动作来表示。
The revived music and dances are performed in the old city, Xi’an. Domestic and international tourists are always appealed by its beautiful tone, tripping dance and elegant costumes.仿古音乐和舞蹈常在古城西安演出，中外游客被那优美的曲调和翩翩舞姿以及高雅的服饰所吸引。
Dragon Lantern Dance, or Playing with Dragon Lantern, is an old folk custom with a long history. Legend says that as the old dragon in Jing He River bets arrogantly and imperiously, he makes it rain in the wrong area. This infuriates the Supreme Deity of Heaven, so the old poor dragon is sentenced to death. The old dragon asks the emperor of Tang Dynasty for help, but the emperor Li Shiming can not persuade the Supreme Deity of Heaven to pardon him his offense. As the emperor can’t bear to be pestered by the old dragon’s spirit any longer, he has to let his people play with dragon lantern to release the old dragon’s soul from purgatory.舞龙灯。又称耍龙灯，是我国民间的一项源源流长的古老风俗，民间传说，泾河老龙骄横打赌，错把雨行，玉帝问斩。老龙求救唐天子。李世民失信没有保住泾河老龙，又经不起它的纠缠，于是只好耍龙灯为它超度。

蒙古包 Mongolian Yurt 北京四合院 beijing quadrangle
朝鲜族居民 Korean house
穆斯林建筑 Moslem architecture
维吾尔族居民 Uygur house
喇嘛寺 Lamasery
藏族居民 tibetan house
陕北窑洞  cave house in northern shananxi
哈萨克玷房 kazak yurt
月亮湖 moon lake
土家水上街市 tujia overwater market
天一阁  tianyi pavilion
仙居南峰塔  Nanfeng pagoda in xianju
景颇寨  jingpo village
沧源崖画 cangyuan cliff paintings
千手千眼观音 thousand-handed and thousanded -eyed guanyin
白族居民 bai house
摩梭人木楞房 mosuo wooden house
纳西居民 naxi house
鼓楼  drum tower
风雨桥 wind and rain bridge
黥仙洞 fairy cave in guizhou
石林奇观 stone forest
独龙族藤桥 drung cane bridge
白塔 white pagoda
象岛elphant island
傣族佛塔 buddhist pagoda in the dai village
石牌坊群 memorial stone archways

Unit 5 Lesson One
Ex2. Translation
香酥鸡 fried crisp chicken              麻辣鸡 multi-flavored chicken 
五香鸡 fried spiced chicken              三味鸡  three-flavored chicken
陈皮鸡丁 sautéed diced chicken with orange rind
糟溜鸡片 quick-fried sliced chicken in fermented rice sauce                                          
芙蓉鸡片 chicken velvet          
葫芦八宝鸡 steamed chicken stuffed with eight ingredients                                                                                               
清炖鸭 clear simmered duck                 盐水鸭salted duck  
葱油鸭子 watered duck dressed with spring onion oil  
南京板鸭Nangjing pressed duck       香酥五仁鸭 crisp duck with five nuts 红油鸭掌 duck web salad dressed with spicy oil
松子酥鸭 crisp duck with pine nut   
蚝油扒鹅掌 braised goose web in oyster sauce
烤羊串 mutton shashlik(kabob)     羊肉扒 braised mutton with brown sauce 涮羊肉  instant-boiled mutton 
红烧蹄筋 braised tendon with brown sauce
京酱牛肉 sautéed shredded beef with sweet bean paste and spring onion  
宫保牛肉 sautéed diced beef with peanuts 
干煸牛肉丝 fried shredded beef in hot sauce
灯影牛肉 fried beef cutlet in hot sauce
东坡肉 braised pork with brown sauce 糖醋排骨 sweet and sour spare rib  烤乳猪 roast sucking pig         鱼香肉丝 shredded pork in fish-flavored sauce
红烧狮子头 meat balls braised in brown sauce
生爆盐煎肉 fried sliced pork with garlic in hot sauce
陈皮兔丁 sautéed diced rabbit with crushed orange rind in hot sauce
一品熊掌 stewed bear paw in brown sauce
五彩燕窝 boiled bird nest with colorful ingredients
玉兰山鸡片 sautéed pheasant slices with bamboo shoots
豆瓣鱼 fried fish in hot bean paste
西湖醋鱼 west lake sour and sweet fish
沙锅甲鱼 soft-shelled turtle in casserole
冰糖甲鱼 stewed soft-shelled turtle in sweet brown sauce
干烧桂鱼 fried mandarin fish in hot sauce
清蒸鲈鱼 steamed perch
罐焖大虾 braised prawn in pot
三丝干贝
醉蟹 steeped crab in soy bean sauce and yellow wine
素鸡 fried bean curd in brown sauce
炒三冬 sautéed sliced bamboo shoots, mushroom and wax gourd in light sauce  什锦酱菜 assorted pickles
过桥米线 rice noodle with ham, beef and vegetables in light sauce
四川凉粉 bean jelly in Sichuan hot sauce
 

Act1 Ex3 Translation
独用的self-contained  额外收费选择的 optional-at-extra-cost
中国通 old-China-hand 翻译导游 interpreter-escort
免下车的 drive-in           设备完善的 well-equipped 
最著名的 best-known           全地毯的wall-to-wall-carpeting
劳动密集型的 labor-intensive       干洗 dry-cleaning 
住宿登记 check-in           四轮马车 horse-drawn-carriage
全方位的 all-direction/all-position   在职培训 in-service-training
高保真音响 hi-fi           高科技 hi-tech
步履稳实的 step-steadied           铺红地毯的 red-carpeted  
仿效对手的 imitating-rivaled        基石 corner-stone/foundation-stone
纸做的 paper-made           当前的 up-dated 
高20米的 20-meter-high           步行速度 walking-speed
婴儿票价 baby-fare           全票 full-fare ticket 
成人票价 adult-fare ticket          半票 half-fare ticket
Act 2 Ex4 Phrases
签票 sign/stamp a ticket      出示机票 show/produce one’s ticket   定期客票 fixed ticket          不定期客票 unfixed ticket   
联程客票 conjunction ticket   来回程客票 round trip ticket
有效身份证 valid certificates  座位再证实 reconfirmation of reservation 登机 get in /step in/board a plane 下机 get/step off a plane    
停航 cancel/suspend the flight  航速为 fly at a speed of
高度为 fly at a height/an altitude of 跑道 runway/landing strip    班机 scheduled flight          中途不着陆飞行 non-stop flight  
降落加油 touch down for refueling 密封舱 pressurized cabin
男/女服务员 steward/stewardess 
提前(推迟)起飞一小时 to advance(put off) the time of take-off by an hour 入境检查immigration control   出境检查 emigration control
问讯处 information desk/inquiry office   
行李寄存处 left-luggage office     登记卡(证) boarding card
登机口 boarding gate       行李认领处 luggage claim area
出入境管理  entry and exit control  行李过磅处 luggage check in counter 边防检查站 Frontier Defense Inspection Station
海关 the Customs/Custom House 防疫证 Inoculation Certificate   健康证书 Health Certificate     
外国人登记表 Form for Registration of Foreigner  
海关行李申报单 Customs Baggage Declaration Form
个人物品 personal effects       超重行李 excess luggage
行李牌 luggage check 
中国民用航空总局 General Administration of Civil Aviation of China
Act2 Ex2
When you take our long distance train, (我们很乐意为您服务) it’s our pleasure to serve you.
Pets are wonderful, but (唯一允许带上火车的动物只能是为聋瞎乘客带路的引路狗) the only animals permitted on trains are guide dogs accompanying blind or deaf passengers.
You just won't find a friendlier, more professional group of people, (从您购票那一刻起直到您到达终点站, 他们将为您提供最好的服务) ready to serve you from the time you make your reservation to the moment you arrive at your destination.
Passengers who desire checked baggage service or have not yet been ticketed (应至少在开车前30分钟到达始发车站) should be at their boarding station at least 30 minutes prior to departure.
5. The keynote of our tour is flexibility, (让旅客能够随心所欲、自由自在地在城里游览观光) allowing tourists the freedom to explore the delights of the city at their leisure.