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Lesson 25  The Cutty Sark  卡蒂萨克”号帆船

New words and expression 生词和短语
★Impressive  adj.给人深刻印象的
scene  n.现场, 场面, 情景
-- This is the impressive scene.  这是给人深刻印象的一幕
impression  n.印象
-- make a lasting impression on sb.  给人以不可磨灭的印象
-- have a false impression of sb.  对某人有错误的看法
-- gave sb. impression that…  给某人…的印象
impress  vt.留下印象
-- What impressed me most is your diligence.（n.勤奋）
impress sb with…  用…给某人留下深刻的印象
-- you impressed me with your beautiful clothes.

★Steamship  n.蒸汽轮船

★Vessel  n.轮船, 大木船（非常正式的表达方式, 用于文学体中, 可以代替ship、boat）
-- a fishing vessel  /  a sailing vessel帆船
Ship  n.大船；舰艇
Boat  n.小船, 艇（比ship小, 在非正式的场合可以替换）
-- a fishing boat

★Era  n.时期, 时代（= a period time in history）
-- the beginning of the new era  /  the end of old era
Era   n.时代, 纪元（人类历史上很长的时期, 以特别的事件为标志）
-- The Christian era is counted from the birth of Christ. 公元(基督教时代)是从耶稣诞生起算。
-- Christian  n.基督徒, 信徒 adj.基督教的, 信基督教的
-- We are now in a great new era of information. 我们现在正处于一个新的伟大的信息时代。
Time  n.时代, 时期（比era的时间短）
-- Roman time 罗马时代 /  ancient time 古代 
Age  n.时代（特定的历史阶段, 和其它词构成专有名词）
-- stone age 石器时代 /  modern age 当今时代 /  middle ages 中世纪/the space age　太空时代

★Java  n.爪哇（印度尼西亚一岛）
Rudder  n.舵
Roll  v.颠簸, 摇摆

★Steer  v.掌握方向（驾驶交通工具）
-- He steer the boat suddenly. 他突然改变了这艘船的方向。
Drive  vt.驾驶马车、汽车、火车
Pilot  vt.驾驶飞机、轮船

★Temporary  adj.临时的（= lasting for a short/limited time）
-- temporary jobs  /  temporary houses
temporarily  adv.暂时的, 临时的
temporariness  n.暂时
transient  adj.短暂的, 瞬时的
-- transient happiness
反义词：permanent  adj.永久的, 持久的
-- I have a permanent job here.  我在这里有一个永久的工作。
Contemporary  adj. 当代的, 同时代的, 同年龄的
-- He is a contemporary writer.

★Plank  n.大块木板
Fit  v.安装
Equator  n.赤道
Delay  n.耽误

★winning
★Australia  n.澳洲, 澳大利亚
★Exactly  adv.正好, 恰好, 十分, 确切地, 精确地
★Tradition  n.传统, 惯例
★Indian  adj.印度的, 印度人的, 印第安人的 n.印度人, 印第安人, 印第安语
★tear  vt.vi.（tore, torn, tearing）
★storm  n.暴风雨, 暴风雪
★danger  n.危险                      port  n.港, 港口
★win  vt.vi.（won, won, winning）

Text 课文
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
 What piece of bad luck prevented the Cutty Sark from winning the race?

One of the most famous sailing ships of the nineteenth century, the Cutty Sark, can still be seen at Greenwich. She stands on dry land and is visited by thousands of people each year. She serves as an impressive reminder of the great ships of the past. Before they were replaced by steamships, sailing vessels like the Cutty Sark were used to carry tea from China and wool from Australia. The Cutty Sark was one of the fastest sailing ships that has ever been built. The only other ship to match her was the Thermopylae. Both these ships set out from Shanghai on June 18th, 1872 on an exciting race to England. This race, which went on for exactly four months, was the last of its kind. It marked the end of the great tradition of ships with sails and the beginning of a new era.
The first of the two ships to reach Java after the race had begun was the Thermopylae, but on the Indian Ocean, the Cutty Sark took the lead. It seemed certain that she would be the first ship home, but during the race she had a lot of bad luck. In August, she was struck by a very heavy storm during which her rudder was torn away. The Cutty Sark rolled from side to side and it became impossible to steer her. A temporary rudder was made on board from spare planks and it was fitted with great difficulty. This greatly reduced the speed of the ship, for there was danger that if she travelled too quickly, this rudder would be torn away as well. Because of this, the Cutty Sark lost her lead. After crossing the equator, the captain called in at a port to have a new rudder fitted, but by now the Thermopylae was over five hundred miles ahead. Though the new rudder was fitted at tremendous speed, it was impossible for the Cutty Sark to win. She arrived in England a week after the Thermopylae. Even this was remarkable, considering that she had had so many delays. There is no doubt that if she had not lost her rudder she would have won the race easily.

参考译文
人们在格林威治仍可看到19世纪最有名的帆船之一“卡蒂萨克”号。它停在陆地上，每年接待成千上万的参观者。它给人们留下深刻的印象，使人们回忆起历史上的巨型帆船，在蒸汽船取代帆船之前。“卡蒂萨克”号之类的帆船被用来从中国运回茶叶，从澳大利亚运回羊毛。“卡蒂萨克”号是帆船制造史上建造的最快的一艘帆船。唯一可以与之一比高低的是“塞姆皮雷”号帆船。两船于1872年6月18日同时从上海启航驶往英国，途中展开了一场激烈的比赛。这场比赛持续了整整4个月，是这类比赛中的最后一次，它标志着帆船伟大传统的结束与一个新纪元的开始。
比赛开始后，“赛姆皮雷”号率先抵达爪哇岛。但在印度洋上，“卡萨萨克”号驶到了前面。看来，它首先返抵英国是确信无疑的了，但它却在比赛中连遭厄运。8月份“卡蒂萨克”号遭到一场特大风暴的袭击，失去了一只舵。船身左右摇晃，无法操纵。船员用备用的木板在船上赶制了一只应急用的舵，并克服重重困难将舵安装就位，这样一来，大大降低了船的航速。因为船不能开得太快，否则就有危险，应急舵也会被刮走。因为这个缘故，“卡蒂萨克”号落到了后面。跨越赤道后，船长将船停靠在一个港口，在那儿换了一只舵。但此时，“赛姆皮雷”号早已在500多英里之遥了。尽管换装新舵时分秒必争，但“卡蒂萨克”号已经不可能取胜了，它抵达英国时比“塞姆皮雷”号晚了1个星期。但考虑到路上的多次耽搁，这个成绩也已很不容易了。毫无疑问，如果中途没有失去舵， “卡帝萨克”号肯定能在比赛中轻易夺冠。

One of the most famous sailing ships of the nineteenth century, the Cutty Sark, can still be seen at Greenwich.
One of the most famous…  最著名的…之一

She stands on dry land and is visited by thousands of people each year.
Dry land  陆地
Each year = every year = per year
-- The aeroplane stands on dry land and is visited by thousands of people each year.

She serves as an impressive reminder of the great ships of the past.
Serve as = act as  担任, 充当, 起...作用
impressive reminder of…  给人留下深刻的印象, 并使人回忆起…

Before they were replaced by steamships, sailing vessels like the Cutty Sark were used to carry tea from China and wool from Australia.
Replace (vt.) = take place of
Steamship  n.汽船, 轮船
sailship = sailing ship = sailing vessel  n.帆船

The Cutty Sark was one of the fastest sailing ships that has ever been built.

The only other ship to match her was the Thermopylae.
Match = be equal to 与…相匹敌, 相比
Match in/for
-- No form of transport can match aeroplane for speed and comfortable.
-- Transport  n.交通工具, 运输系统, 运输, 运送
-- The hotel can't be matched for service and food.  这家旅馆服务和食物是无与伦比的。
-- No clothing can match your dress for beauty.  没有哪件衣服能和你的这条裙子相比。
To match her做定语修饰ship

Both these ships set out from Shanghai on June 18th, 1872  on an exciting race to England.
-- The two planes set out form New York on an unforgettable race.
Forgettable   adj.容易被忘的, 可忘记的
Unforgettable  adj.忘不了的, 令人难忘的

This race, which went on for exactly four months, was the last of its kind.
Which指代this race, 引导非限定性定语从句。
-- The operation, which lasted for two weeks, proved to be very difficult.

It marked the end of the great tradition of ships with sails and the beginning of a new era.
Ships with sails = sailing ship = sailing vessel  n.帆船
Mark the end of…  标志着…的结束

The first of the two ships to reach Java after the race had begun was the Thermopylae, but on the Indian Ocean, the Cutty Sark took the lead.
= After the race had begun, the first of the two ships to reach Java was the Thermopylae,…
take the lead  处于领先地位  /  lose the lead  失去领先地位
in the lead  处于领先地位（表示状态）
take over the lead  取得领先地位

It seemed certain that she would be the first ship home, but during the race she had a lot of bad luck.
It seem certain that…似乎很肯定
She had a lot of bad luck = she was unlucky

In August, she was struck by a very heavy storm during which her rudder was torn away.
Be struck by a very heavy rain/storm  严重的遇到了雨/雪
Be caught in the rain/snow  遇到了雨/雪
During(介词)用于关系代词which之前
Tear away = destroyed = pull down (摧毁, 推翻)

The Cutty Sark rolled from side to side and it became impossible to steer her.
It became impossible (for captain) to steer her

A temporary rudder was made on board from spare planks and it was fitted with great difficulty.
It = the temporary rudder
Fit = equip（vt.装备）

This greatly reduced the speed of the ship, for there was a danger that if she travelled too quickly, this rudder would be torn away as well.
There was a danger that + 同位语从句

Because of this, the Cutty Sark lost her lead.
Lost her lead  失去领先地位

After crossing the Equator, the captain called in at a port to have a new rudder fitted, but by now the Thermopylae was over five hundred miles ahead.
Call in at = (船)停靠, (人)拜访
-- He calls in at his friend’s home every week.
To… = in order to… = so as to…  目的是…
Have sth done
Be now到如今 = so far到目前为止

Though the new rudder was fitted at tremendous speed, it was impossible for the Cutty Sark to win.
At tremendous speed = at fantastic speed = at enormous speed　以极快的速度

She arrived in England a week after the Thermopylae.

Even this was remarkable, considering that she had had so many delays.
Remarkable  adj.不平常的, 非凡的, 值得注意的, 显著的
Unusual  adj.不平常的, 与众不同的, 不寻常的
Uncommon  adj.不平常的, 不平凡的, 罕有的, 难得的
Extraordinary  adj.非常的, 特别的, 非凡的

Considering（连接词）用来引导完整的语句
-- We should forgive him considering that he was ill badly
-- forgive  vt.原谅, 饶恕
-- Considering his age, the little boy reads very well. 就他的年龄来说, 这小孩读得算挺好的。

There is no doubt that if she had not lost her rudder she would have won the race easily.
There is no doubt that… = without any doubt
-- There is no doubt that he is guilty.  毫无疑问他是有罪的。
There is some doubt wh-…
-- There is some doubt whether he is guilty.  难以肯定他是否有罪。

与过去事实的相反的虚拟语气
-- If the houses of parliament had not been burned down, the Big Ben would never have been erected.（vt.使竖立, 使直立, 树立, 建立）
与现在事实的相反的虚拟语气
-- If you talked less and ate more we would both enjoy our dinner.

she was struck by a very heavey storm during which her rubber was torn away.
there is no doult that if she had not  lost her rubber she would won the race easily.

  take the lead
lose the lead
call in at
with great difficulty
at tremendous speed
it seemed certain that....

Multiple choice questions 多项选择
1>  The fame of the Cutty Sark rests mainly upon _____ .
a. the number of tourists who come to visit her annually
b. her likeness to other great sailing ships of the past
c. her being one of the last and one of the fastest of a line of great sailing ships
d. her victory in the race against the Thermopylae
----C    fame  n.名声, 名望
rest upon = rest on  倚靠, 依据, 根据, 把…靠在,
likeness  n.相象, 相似物
a line of stones 一排石头 /  a line of argument 一连串的辩论
victory  n.胜利, 战胜,

2> The race which took place between the Cutty Sark and the Thermopylae was _____ .
a. a landmark in the history of shipping
b. held to celebrate the invention of the steamship
c. held especially for sailing ships on the route from Shanghai to London
d. unusually slow because the Cutty Sark lost her ruddeer en route
----A
landmark  n.里程碑, 划时代的事, (航海)陆标, 地界标
celebrate  v.庆祝, 祝贺, 表扬, 赞美
en route  adv.在途中

3>  During the race, the most remarkable feat of the Cutty Sark was _____ .
a. although last to reach Java, to take the lead on the Indian Ocean
b. the fact that she managed to sail into port without a rudder
c. the speed at which she was sailing while having a new rudder fitted
d. the speed at which she made up the gap between her and the Thermopylae
---D
feat  n.功绩  n.技艺, 武艺, 壮举, 技艺表演
gap  n.差距  n.缺口, 裂口, 间隙, 缝隙, , 隔阂
make up  v.弥补

4> The Cutty Sark _____ at Greenwich. (ll.1-2)
a. is still possible to see      b. is able still to be seen
c. may still be seen           d. is still possibly seen
-----C    b中still的应该放在形容词able之前

5> Before _____ , vessels like the Cutty Sark were used ... (ll.4-5)
a. steamships replaced sail    b. the steamship replaced the sailing ship
c. steamships replaced sailing    d. the steam replaced the sail
----B
The 和A的用法：
The与单数名词连用, 表示一类东西：
-- The lion is a wild animal. 狮子是一种野生动物。
-- The cow is a useful animal. 奶牛是有用的动物。
A
1>（一类事物中的）任何一个
-- Let's go to a Chinese restaurant. 我们去一家中餐餐馆。
-- We saw a good film on TV last night. 昨天晚上我们在电视中看到了一个好片子。
2> 任何
-- A square has four sides.  正方形有四条边。
-- A dog is an animal.  狗是动物。

6>It seemed certain that she _____ the first ship home. (l.12)
a. would go to be    b. would be going to be    c. went    d. was going to be
----D    would和be going to不能重复使用

7>The Thermopylae arrived in England only a weak before _____ > (ll.19-20)
a. she did    b. she was    c. herself    d. she had arrived
----A

8> _____ her rudder, there is no doubt she would have won... (l.21)
a. That if she had not lost    b. Not having lost  
c. Were she not to lose       d. had she not lost
---D    not的位置不变

9> ----on dry land and _____ thousands of visitors each year. (ll.2-3)
a. appeals to    b. attracts    c. catches    d. pulls
----B
attract  vt.吸引
-- The beautiful scenery attracts me.
appeal to 引起兴趣
-- The topic of the conversation never appeals to me.

10>On June 18th, 1872 both these ships _____ an exciting race from Shanghai to England. (l.8)
a. set out on    b. departed for    c. entered    d. went for
---A
set out  出发
set out on  出发去做某事
set out on the trip/journey/excursion  出发去旅行
depart  vi.离开, 起程
depart for  起程去某地

11> On the Indian Ocean, the Cutty Sark went _____ the lead. (ll.11-12)
a. into    b. on    c. for    d. after
---A
take the lead = go into the lead

12> Even this was remarkable, _____ the numerous delays. (ll.20-21)
a. in respect of    b. according to    c. in view of    d. accounting
---C
considering  prep.鉴于, 考虑到, 顾及
in respect of 关于, 就…来说 =  with regard to 关于
according to  prep.依据, 按照
in view of  鉴于, 考虑到（= considering）
account应该和其它介词搭配