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汉译英基础训练(四)

(2014-05-12 20:35:36)
标签:

汉译英

正说反译

校园

分类: 译海拾贝

                                       第四课 正说与反说

 

    人们在叙述同一事物或表达同一思想时,可以正说,也可以反说,汉语如此,英语也如此。

   

    他是外乡人。He is a stranger here. Or: He is not a native.
    黄鼠狼给鸡拜年,不怀好心。The weasel goes to pay respects to the hen not with the best of intentions. Or: The weasel pays a courtesy visit to the hen with evil intent.
    到目前为止,联合国辜负了世界人民所寄予的希望。The United Nations has not, so far, justified the hopes which the people of the world place in it.
    我们决不辜负全国人民对我们的希望。We will live up to the expectations of our people.

 

例句

    他的解释不能让人满意。His explanation is far from satisfactory.
    他虽然贫穷,但无论如何也不会说谎。Poor as he was, he was above telling a lie in any case. ( He is above taking profits for himself. 他不屑于为自己谋利。)
    余新江没有留意对方的关切。Yu Hsin-chiang failed to notice the other’s concern.

 

汉英两种语言的习惯用法不同

    油漆未干。Wet paint.

    在他还没来得及阻拦我之前,我已经跑出教室。Before he could stop me, I had rushed out of the classroom. (* Before he could not stop me…)
    在收据尚未签字以前不得付款。Before the receipt has been signed, the money must not be paid. (* Before the receipt has not been signed…)

例句

    俗话说,‘男儿有泪不轻弹,皆因未到伤心处’嘛。(周克芹:《许茂和他的女儿们》)As the saying goes, “Men only weep when deeply hurt.” Or: As the saying goes, “Men never weep unless and until deeply hurt.”
    如果没有他的帮助,我早就失败了。But for his help, I should have failed.
白茫茫的老鸦窝,除了呼呼的北风外,没有一点声响。Except for the howl of the north wind, all was still in snow-mantled Ravens Nest.

    阿Q总觉得自己太失意:既然革了命,不应该只是这样。Yet Ah O still felt dissatisfied. He thought since a revolution had taken place, it should be something more than

this.
    阿Q候他略停,终于用十二分的勇气开口了,但不知道因为什么,又不叫他洋先生。Ah Q waited for him to pause, and then screwed up all his courage to speak. But for some reason or other he still did not call him Mr Foreigner.
    陈松林说的这些名字,许云峰都不知道。These names mentioned by Chen Songlin were new to Xu Yunfeng.

例句

    郑克昌轻轻推了一下门,门开了。店门是虚掩着的。Zheng Kechang pushed the door lightly and it opened. It had not been locked.
    赵家遭抢之后,未庄人大抵很快意而且恐慌,阿Q也很快意而且恐慌。After the Zhao family was robbed most of the people in Weizhuang felt pleased yet fearful, and Ah Q was no

exception.
    挂好了扫帚以后,他放心了一些,危险再不能威胁党和同志们了。He breathed more easily after hanging up the broom. The Party and his comrades were safe.

 

英语中含否定语气的词语有:

 

a.动词:fail, miss, lack, ignore, refuse, withhold, refrain (from), neglect, deny, overlook, exclude等等。

    使我们失望的是他不顾大局。To our disappointment, he failed to take the overall situation into account.
    他上火车站去接他的朋友,可是未能在人群中见到他。He went to the station to meet his friend, but he missed him in the crowd.
 
b. 名词:absence, failure, refusal, ignorance, neglect, exclusion等等。

 
    他开车时心不在焉,几乎闯祸。His absence of mind during the driving nearly caused an accident.
    我们完全不知道他的计划。We are in complete ignorance of his plan.
    他未能履行诺言,我们大家都很失望。His failure to carry out his promise has disappointed everyone of us.

c. 形容词和形容词短语:few, little, free from, far from, safe from, short of等等。


    这次演出根本没有失败,而是十分成功。The show was far from being a failure; it was a great success.
    他的作文几乎没有语法错误。There are few grammatical mistakes in his composition.
    据悉敌军给养不足。It is reported that the enemy troops are short of supplies.

 

d. 副词和副词短语:little, otherwise, too…to等等。


    他显然有不同的想法。He evidently thinks otherwise.
    我根本不知道他会遇到什么麻烦。I little knew what trouble he was going to have.
    他兴奋得说不出话来了。He was too excited to speak.

 

e. 连词:unless, before, until, rather than, or等等。


    不了解这一点,就不能得到起码的知识。Unless we grasp this point we shall never be able to acquire even elementary knowledge.
    他宁愿饿死,不愿行窃。He will die of hunger before he steals.
    部队宁可绕道走,也不踩庄稼。The troops would rather take a roundabout way than tread on the crops.

f. 介词和介词短语:without, above, except, beyond, instead of, in place of, out of等等。

 

    要不是你帮忙,那件任务我无法按时完成的。Without your help, I could not have fulfilled the task in time.
    我要铅笔,不要钢笔。I want a pencil instead of a pen.

 

正说反说互译练习

日子很快过去了,她做工却丝毫没有松懈。
他不在,我感到很寂寞。
我很高兴看见你安然无恙。
他们的供应不足,冬季又将来临。
他不自然地咳了起来。

 

参考译文
The days passed quickly, but she worked as hard as ever.
In his absence, I felt very lonely.
I am glad to see you safe and sound.
Their supply line was thin and winter was coming on.
He coughed with embarrassment.

 

练习

你早晨来看我的时候,我还没有起床。
他只顾自己,不顾别人,使得大家都很生气。
她没有同伴,只一个人坐在车厢一角动也不动。
是重力使我们不至于从地球上抛出去。
他下意识地举起手来搔他的头顶。

 

参考译文

When you called on me this morning, I was still in bed.
His lack of consideration for the feelings of others angered everyone present.
Travelling alone, she was sitting still in the corner of the carriage.
It is gravity that keeps us from falling off the earth.
He involuntarily raised his hand to scratch his head.

 

练习

返回祖国的念头始终萦绕在他们心中。
只要他没有病倒,他是不会不来的。
她只觉得头晕眼花,辩不出路径。
一遇到机会,他总是要发表一通议论。
他的暗示没有引起我的注意。
你恐怕弄错了。

 

参考译文

The thought of returning to his motherland never deserted him.
He’ll certainly come unless he is ill.
She felt too dizzy to remember the way she had come.
He was never tired of harping upon his arguments once more whenever an opportunity presented itself.
His hint escaped me.
I’m afraid you are mistaken.

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