都是hustle and
bustle惹的祸,今晚看China Daily,看
到一篇描写成都东边开发方兴未艾,一派田园风光(rustic
view)美不胜收,令人留连忘返。以前见过hustle
and bustle,
但没有深究,查google,找到一些文章约略谈及英文中这种把发音
和拼写相近的名词、动词、形容词等放在一起组成新词的现象,
术语叫头韵(alliteration);另外还有一种现象是把意思相近或者
相反的词放在一起组成新词,术语叫联边(binome)。两种组合词
都有读来朗朗上口,清新悦耳之功效,令说话、作文生动而形象。
本文特收集头韵和联边词的典型代表,拟为我的英文语料库添
砖加瓦。
一、头韵(alliteration)
alliteration
together that begin with the
same sound or
letter in order to make a
special effect, especially in
poetry
archy and breaky heart
破碎的心
black and blue
遍体鳞伤
bread and butter
面包和黄油
ebony
cut and carve 精炼
fair and square
公正
forgive and forget
不念旧恶
friend and foe
朋友和敌人
here and there
到处,处处
hill and dale
山谷.
hither and
thither 到处(向各方)
hustle and bustle
熙熙攘攘
now or never
勿失良机,机不可失
odds and ends 零碎 (英国英语中也作odds
and sods)
rest and
relaxation 休息放松
rude and
crude 粗鲁无礼
sink or swim
听任沉浮,不论好歹
rough and tough
粗野蛮横
safe and sound
平安无事
sooner or later
早晚
spick and span (spic and
span) 一尘不染,
thick and thin
厚薄,在任何情况下;不顾艰难险阻
thick and fast
纷至沓来
time and tide
岁月
tit for tat
一报还一报
trials and
tribulations
twists and turns
曲折
vice and virtue
罪恶与美德
wear and tear
磨损
year in year out
年复一年
二、Binome
联边
联边(binome)本是汉语中特有的修辞格,有极强的修辞效
果,读后令人印象深刻。
汉语联边的例子:
泪滴湘江流满海
嗟叹嚎啕哽咽喉
烟锁池塘柳
炮镇海城楼
(此为千古绝对,不光对仗工整,还押尾韵,并且每联都包含“金木
水火土”五行,端的历害。)
琴瑟琵琶
魑魅魍魉
英文的联边远不如汉语如此神妙,但也自有其特点。有一部
份也与汉语一样,有隐喻意义,但也有直白的常用词,比如fish
and chips, salt and vinegar,
postage and packing就是典型
的常用词了,因为经常都要同时用到,因此就成对出现。比如在
邮局寄包裹时就不要忘了询问邮资和打包费,在英国吃薯片时普
遍要加盐和醋。像high and low, life and
death等就有比喻意
义了,译为“高低贵贱”、“生死攸关”等汉语四字成语非常贴切、生动。
Big and
Small 大小
black and white
黑白花;白纸黑字
cats and
dogs 倾盆大雨
day and night 日日夜夜
...
down and
out 穷困潦倒
east or
west 无论东西
fish and
chips 炸鱼和薯条
free and easy
轻松自在的;随便的
good or ill 好歹
hale and hearty
健壮;精神充沛
heat and cold冷热
heavy and
light轻重
high and
low 高低贵贱;到处
hit or
miss 不论命中不命中;不管成功不成功;
home and abroad
国内外.
horse and
cart马车.
house and
home家居.
hue and
cry 喧嚷;喊叫
husband and
wife夫妻
ifs and
buts 托词;保留意见
ins and
outs 细节;盛衰,浮沉
law and order
life and death
生死攸关
life and times
more or less 或多或少
odds and ends
零碎
on and off
断断续续
on and on 不断地
on pins and needles
如坐针毡
peace and
quiet 安定泰平
postage and
packing 邮费与包装
pots and pans
坛坛罐罐
pros and
cons 利弊
rain and
shine晴雨
research and
development
right and
left左右
salt and
venigar 盐和醋
sleet and
snow 冰和雪
sweet and sour
糖醋
the whys and
wherefores 个中究竟
then and there
当时当地
this and that
这那
thorn and thistle
荆棘
up and
down 上上下下;前前后后;来来回回
ways and
means 方法和手段
weal and woe 祸福
wife and children
妻儿.
young and old
老老少少


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