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【词汇】词根词缀串联速忆5

(2008-07-21 20:35:09)
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教育

31. Assimilation 同化, 同化作用, 吸收
  Assimilate v.  使相同,同化,吸收

America has assimilated people from many European countries.
美国同化了许多来自欧洲国家的移民
People fear that globalization will assimilate different cultures.
北海: 国际化对于文化多样性的冲击,很多人抗议说 Globalization 就是 Americanization . 美国的语言文化价值观正在强烈地冲击各国的文化。所以中国才有了,抵制过圣诞节的活动。

词根:as + simil + ate    simil
Simil, simul  = alike,same ,表示“相类似,一样”

similar a 同样的;相似的
dissimilar adj. 不同的(dis 不+similar 相同的)
similarity n 类似(similar 相似的+ity)
simile n. 直喻,明喻 <>  暗喻 metaphor
        * 毛主席就像红太阳 --- simile
        * 看到他,我的心中涌起了爱的潮水


--- metaphor
assimilate v 同化;贯通(as 不断+simil+ate-->不断相同
-->同化)


Dissimilate v. 异化 ,产生不同
           These two brothers gradually dissimilated over time due to different education.

dissimilation n 异化;分化作用(dis+simil+ation)
simulate v. 模拟(simul+ate-->做得相像-->模仿)
simulator n. 模拟器  flight simulator 飞行(条件)仿真装
                   置, 飞行仿真器


 重要前缀:a+同辅音
   ab-,ac-,ad-,af-,ag-,an-,ap-,ar-,as-,at-等加在同辅音
   字母的词根前,表示意义加强 ,或 “一再”

Assure v. 保证
accompany 陪伴(ac+ company 伙伴-->陪伴)
affirm v.断言, 确认, 肯定(af+ firm 坚定-->肯定)
accustom 使习惯(ac+ custom 习俗-->习惯习俗)
accelerate 加速(ac+ celer 速度-->一再增加速度)

 

32.autonomous 自治的
  Autonomy n. 自治
  an autonomous region 自治区
  Tibet Autonomous Region 西藏自治区
  
 前缀: Auto – 自己
  ATM = Auto Teller Machine 自动取款机  teller (银行)出纳员
   Autograph 签名
   Autobiography n. 自传 [自己书写生命]
   automation自动化 
   automatic自动化的,* an automatic washing machine. 全自动洗衣机

 

   America has now adopted more ________ European-style inspection systems, and the    incidence of food poisoning is falling.
A) discrete       B) solemn
C) rigorous       D) autonomous

 

 

33.extravagant adj. 浪费,过分的
 
  * Royal families always lead a extravagant life 皇室过着奢侈的
                                        生活
  * an extravagant price 过高的价格

词根: Vag = wander,表示“漫游”

vague adj. 含糊的(vag+ue-->说话时漫游而思想不集中-->意思含糊的)
vagabond n. 流浪的人(vaga+bond 倾向与…的-->倾向于流
浪的人)


vagrant adj. 流浪的(vagr+ant-->漫游的-->流浪的)
   a vagrant life 流浪生活  vagrant thoughts 飘忽不定的思想
extravagant adj. 奢侈的,浪费的 [extra 超出的 + vag 游走 + ant , 走的太远了,过分了 浪费奢侈]

 

  Mainstream pro-market economists all agree that competition is an ________ spur to efficiency    and innovation.
A) extravagant       B) exquisite
C) extinguished       D) indispensable

 

 

34.emit v 发光;发出(味等)
词根: miss,mit= send,cast,表示“发送,放出”"
committee n 委员会(com+mit+t+ee 一起发送指令) 
Committee of the National People's Congress 全国人大常委会


emit v 发光;发出(味等)(e 出+mit-->送出[气味]等)  n. emission
transmit v 寄送;传达(trans 跨越+mit-->跨越送过去-->传
达)   * Mosquitoes can transmit disease to humans... 蚊子传播疾病
* Iron transmits heat. 铁传热。
   区别: The radio can _____ signals. [A]
            The sun ______s  light. [B]
             A. transmit  B emit
     transmission n. 传播
intermit v. 中断,间歇(inter 在中间+mit-->在中间断断续续送东西-->打断,间断)
     ** The fever intermits. 发烧[热病]间歇地发生
intermittent adj. 间歇的(intermit+t+ent)
omit v. 省去,略去(o 出+mit-->送出-->省略) omission n. 省略
       Omit a name from the list.


submit v. 使屈服;递交(sub 下面+mit-->送到下面-->屈服)
                      (sub 下面 + mit  送到别人眼睛下面,递交 )
                     ** 比如在网上填表后递交
         I refuse to submit to his decision . 我不服从他的决定
         submit a case to the court 向法院提出诉讼
       


* submissive adj. 服从的(sub+miss+ive)
      Dogs are submissive .


premise n. [] 前提(pre 预先+mise-->预先送出-->前提)
        We will buy the cell phone based on the premise that you will give us a 20% discount .
promise n 答应;保证(pro 前面+mise-->在做事前送出的话-->允诺)

mission n "派遣;使命(miss+ion,送出-->派遣)
dismiss v 解散;罢免(dis 分开+miss-->分开送-->解散)
       解雇: He was dismissed from the company .

 

 

35.implicit adj. 含蓄的
   implicit  adj. 暗含的,含蓄的 
反义:explicit adj. 明确的

 an implicit answer [threat]含蓄的答复[威胁]
* implicit consent 默许
  * Silence means implicit consent . n. 不说话就是默许

 

词根:ply , plic = fold 表示“重叠,折叠”

implicit  含蓄的,复杂的 [把意思折叠在里面] 
          imply v. 暗示/ implicate v. 含蓄表达
   explicit  直接的,直爽的(ex 出+plic+it-->把重叠的东西
        弄出来-->直接的,明确地)  
   explicate v 解释,阐明(ex 出+plic+ate-->把重叠的东西
     弄出来-->解释) * explicate the theory
   complicate v. 弄复杂(com 全部+plic+ate-->全部重叠起来
       -->弄复杂)  * His remarks complicated our relationship.

        complicated problem   >>  complex , intricate
                                        错综复杂的


duplicate  v.  复制 [两个du ,两个叠在一起 ]
     = replicate v. 复制 [主要用在实验研究中]
     (re 重新+plic+ate-->再重叠[一份]-->复制)            
      * duplicate the keys  配钥匙
       *duplicate the mistake  重犯了错误
       * replicate an experiment  重复一个实验
Comply = com + ply [叠在一起了—于法律法规重合]    遵从, 
       遵守 comply with = abide by = obey
Reply  = 把信折叠起来送回去  回答,回信


*选记:Plywood = 叠在一起的木头  胶合板

 

In the late 19th century, Jules Verne, the master of science fiction, foresaw many of the technological wonders that are ________ today.
A) transient       B) commonplace
C) implicit       D) elementary


36.immerse v. 沉入,浸入

词根: merg, mers= sink,表示“沉,没”"
immerse v.[有时也写immerge] 沉入,浸入(im 进入 merge-->沉
        进去-->沉入)
* I immersed myself in my research. = I was involved in my
  research.
emerge v 浮现,出现(e 出 merge-->沉的东西出现-->浮现)
   *She emerged in the competition as a talented singer.
   她在比赛中脱颖而出成为一个出色的歌手。
emergence n 浮现,出现(emerge ence)
emergency n 突然事件(emerge ency-->[突然]出现的事情)
submerge v 沉入水下,被淹没(sub 在下面 merge-->沉到下面去)


* His talent was submerged by his times他的才华为他的时代所淹没。


merge v. 合并,融合(沉下-->融为一体-->合并)企业的合并
     *Alibaba merges with Yahoo China
     Yahoo China was merged into Alibaba
merger n. 企业的并购

 

 

I was so ________ when I used the automatic checkout lane in the supermarket for the first time.
A) immersed       B) assaulted
C) thrilled       D) dedicated

 

 


37.retain v. 保持,保留
Water-Soil Retaining Measures 水土保持措施
   学习要去伪存真: eliminate the false and retain the true 去伪存真
 
词根: tain ten tin= hold。,表示“拿住”


retain v 保持,保留(re 回+tain-->拿回来-->保留)
obtain v 获得(ob 加强动作+tain-->拿到-->获得)
sustain v. 持续,支持(sus 下面+tain-->在下面拿住[撑住]
-->支持)  The financial support from the government will sustain the
poor students in college.
        We need food to sustain life . 我们需要食物来维系生命
       sustainable development 可持续性发展

attain v 达到,取得(at 加强动作+tain-->稳稳拿住-->取得)
* attain one's goal 达到目的
* attain the age of (年龄)有...岁了
* attain the top of a mountain 到达山顶
attainable adj. 可达到的(attain+able-->获得) attainable goal.
attainment n 成就,造诣(attain 获得+ment-->获得的成就)
contain v 包含,包容(con 全部+tain-->全部拿住-->包容)
entertainment 娱乐,款待(enter+tain+ment)
detain v 阻拦;拘留(de 下+tain-->拿住,拿下-->拘留)
  The police detained several suspects for questioning.
   警察拘留了许多疑犯进行审问


  The disruptive students were detained after school until their parents   
  had been notified.
  捣乱的学生在放学后被拘禁了,直到通知他们的家长

 

maintain v 维持;坚持(main[=man 手]+tain-->用手拿住-->坚持)  maintain good relations. 持良好的关系

maintenance n 维护;坚持(main+len+ance,maintain 的


His arm was ________ from the shark’s mouth and reattached, but the boy, who nearly died, remained in a delicate condition.
A) retrieved       B) retained
C) repelled       D) restored

 

 

 38. surpass v. 超越 

 The GDP growth of China has surpassed any country in the world. 
unsurpassed = unrivalled  无人能敌,独孤求败
   Mozart’s musical talent was unsurpassed .
     Liu xiang is now unrivalled in the 110 m hurdles.  

 

   前缀: sur-表示“超过,在上面”

surface 表面(sur+face 脸面)
surpass 超过(sur+pass 通过-->在上面通过-->超越)
surrealism 超现实主义(sur+realism 现实主义)
surmount v. 登上,超越(sur+mount 山-->在山上-->登上)
    *surmount a hill 爬越一座山
*surmount difficulties 克服困难
surplus n.盈余 adj.剩余的(sur超过 + plus加,多 --> 多出很多)
           * surplus value 剩余价值
surcharge n. 附加费(sur+charge 收费-->额外的收费-->附加费)
           *燃油附加费 fuel surcharge / bunker surcharge 
      surtax(附加税)。

 

We will also see a ________ increase in the number of televisions per household, as small TV displays are added to clocks, coffee makers and smoke detectors.
A) startling       B) surpassing
C) suppressing       D) stacking

 

 

39.Enrich v. 使富有,丰富
 Reading enriches our minds. 阅读丰富了我们的思想
En/em + adj/n  v.    enlarge v.  enlarge one's views 开阔眼界, 增长知识
                  encode v.  加密 decode v. 解密
                        endanger 使危险(en+danger 危险)
                    encourage 鼓励(en+courage 勇气-->使人进入勇气-->鼓励)
                    entitle v. 加标题/授权
                            This coupon entitles you to a free lunch.
                             凭此券你可免费吃一顿午餐。
                    Empower v. 赋予权力   I am empower to take charge of the hotel.
                                     = authorize
                    Embitter v.  使… 痛苦 


Repeated failures embittered him.连续的失败使他很难过。


The advance of globalization is challenging some of our most ________ values and ideas, including our idea of what constitutes “home”.
A) enriched       B) enlightened
C) cherished       D) chartered

 

 

  40. interact v. 互动  
inter-
Interaction
Inter – 在…之间,相互
Interaction n. 相互作用 / 互动   chemical interaction 化学相互作用
International
Interpersonal ,    interpersonal relationships人与人之间的关系
Interrelate v. 相互关联
Intervene v.  vene-走 – 走在两者之间  干涉
Interchange v. 相互交换 interchange gifts 互赠礼物
Interchangeable adj. 可以互换的 taxi and cab are interchangeable

 

Researchers have discovered that ________ with animals in an active way may lower a person’s blood pressure.
A) interacting       B) integrating
C) migrating       D) merging

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