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【词汇】词根词缀串联速忆2

(2008-07-14 13:48:11)
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教育

第二部分: MBA重点词汇词根词缀串联记忆:


 1.current:
  1.现在的,= present ,
** current affairs时事,
自我介绍:I’m Kevin. Currently,I am working as a Marketing director at IBM
 2. Current 还表示:流动的,流行的
      current bills and coins 流通的纸币和硬币
      current fashions 流行的时尚


词根:
cur(r),curs, cours = run , happen表示“跑,发生”

current  adj.流动的,n.潮流(curr+cnt-->跑的-->流动的)
    currency n. 流传;流通的货币(跑来跑去的钱-->流通货币)
curriculum  n. 全部的课程(表)(curr+iculum 表名词-->学员跑来
跑去的[依据]-->课表)
     * the MBA curriculum. MBA的课程,包括了经济,管理,财务,市场等
     * Course 只是一门课 the English course
                                
excursion n. 远足;游览(ex 出+cur +sion-->跑出去-->远足)
    * let us go on an excursion in spring time 去春游
[选记] Cursive:adj.(字)草写的(curs+ive-->象跑-->样写-->草写)
草书/行书:cursivewriting;
草体字:a cursive style of type.
precursor n 先驱;先兆(pre+curs+or-->先跑者-->先驱)
        04-2阅读题  precursor n.
*Icebox is the precursor of modern refrigerator

 

cur , curs = happen

occur v. 发生,出现(oc 反复+cur-->反复跑-->[反复]发生)
occurrence n. 出现,产生(occur+r+ence)
concur adj. 1.同时发生(con 共同+cur-->共同跑-->同时发生)
           *His graduation concurred with his birthday.
         2. 同时赞同 = agree  I concur with you.
recur v. 再发生,重现(re 再次+cur-->再次跑来)
         * Old memories constantly recurred to him.
                  往事经常浮现在他的脑海里。


People’s expectations about the future may have more influence on their sense of well-being than their ________ state does.
A) current       B) initial
C) modern       D) primitive


2.Certification: 证明
quality certification 质量证明(书)
来自动词 certify  
Certify v. 确认是真实、准确的
* 比如一个人半夜喜欢唱歌
   He was certified (as) insane.
 他已由医生出具证书证明为精神错乱。
* 比如:查帐时:帐目经查核证明无误。
  The accounts were certified (as) correct.
 

Certificate n. 证书/执照   a birth certificate出生证
                   academic certificate学历证书
                    a marriage certificate 结婚证书

词根: cern / cert = to make sure 弄清楚
     Certain adj. 肯定的
     Certify v. 弄清事实真相 à 证明
     Certificate n. 能帮助我们澄清事实的东西 à 证书
   Concern v.  con 表示一起, 要一起把事情弄清楚 –〉表示关注
     Discern v.  dis-区分 cern-弄清楚  à 把事情区分清楚 à 辨别
              Discern the direction/road in the dark 辨别方向
              ** 一个很有眼光的顾客:a discerning customer / investor


3.Identity: 身份  ID card : = identity
   后缀  -ation 往往来自动词的名词
         Identify v.  à identification [具有动词性的名词] à 身份的确认
                      Identity  身份
              * The police have not yet identified the victim. 警方尚未确认
                遇难者的身份
         Certify v.   à certification [具有动词性的名词] n. à …的证明
                      Certificate n. 证书
         Unify v.    à unification [具有动词性的名词] à … 的统一
                      The peaceful unification of China
                      Unity n. 统一体 European economic unity.欧洲
                                  经济共同体
         Qualify v. (使)具有资格 à qualification [具有动词性的名词] 资
                                  
                     * fulfill the qualifications for an MBA candidate
                      满足报考MBA的要求
                      Quality n. 质量
          Realize v. realization …的实现   reality 现实
          Globalization / modernization / localization / urbanization

 

4.Evidence:  证据 
   【法律】证词,证据:法庭上作为证据的文件或口头形式的陈述和实物
There is no evidence that he has killed his boss.
美国怀疑伊拉克有WMD, 最后报告说
There is no evidence that Iraq has possessed Weapons of Mass Destruction.
辩论的时候:“I bet you have made a terrible mistake”
            “Show me your evidence ”

evident adj. 显然的,明白的
self-evident 不言自明的
Truths are self-evident. 真理是不言自明的
 独立宣言  the Declaration of Independence 1776
“We hold these truths to be self-evident , that all men are created equal , that they are endowed (自然地赋予) by their Creator with certain inalienable(不可剥夺) rights , that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.”

 

词根:vid , vis,=see 表示“看”
evident a 明显的(e 出+vid+ent-->看出来了-->明显的)
evidence n 证据,证人(e+vid+ence-->[明显的证据])
visit v. 拜访
vision n 视力,眼界  visible a 可见的 , invisible adj. 不可见
visual a 视力的   * visual pollution 视觉污染
visualize v 使具体化(visual 视力+ize-->使[大家]看到-->具体化)
advise v 忠告,劝告(ad 使+vis+e 使[别人]看到-->劝告[别人])
revise v 修正,改订(re 再+vis+e-->再看一遍-->修正)
revision n 修正,校订本
supervise v 监督(super 在上面+vis+e-->在上面看-->监
督)
Supervisor n. 监督者, 主管

   There is already ________ clear to show that plants and animals are being affected by climate  
   change.
A) witness       B) certification
C) identity       D) evidence

 

5.Motivation : 动机,激励
词根:mot = move
Motivate v. 激励 
* A good manager should motivate his people to achieve the set target.
       Motivation : 动机
* The stronger the motivation, the more quickly a person will learn a foreign language.
一个人学外语的内在要求越高, 那么他就学得越快。


motive n. 动机[更强调目的]  谋杀动机 What is his movie for murder ?
motion n. 运动 The ball is in motion . 小球处于运动状态
promote v. pro –向前运动  --- 推动,促进,升迁  promotion
[选记]demote  -- 向下运动  --- 使降级    He was demoted from the emperor to a     
                                 civilian . 末代皇帝溥仪
remote adj. re – 向后运动  --- 离你越来越远 --- 遥远
emotion n.  e – 向外 运动  --- 由内向外流出的----情感,感情
   情感,感情是一种由内而外的流露
[选记]commotion n. 表示喧闹,骚动, 暴乱 com 共同 --- 一群人一起运    
          动 à 骚动


6.preferences 
prefer :  prefer to do sth ,
prefer A to B
词根fer=take
prefer=pre(之前)+ fer(take)动词“宁愿,更喜欢”,
例:I prefer dogs to cats.相对猫而言,我更喜欢狗。[北海:即狗排在猫的前面]
preference“喜好”,
例:I have a preference for documentary . 我对纪录片有偏好
例:I don’t know your preference, so please help yourself.我不知道你喜欢什么,请你自便
            
preferable“更可取的”,其本身就是有比较意义的形容词,因此没有比较级,
例:A dark suit is preferable to a light one for evening wear.对于晚装,深色西服比浅色西服更可取。
例:Coffee is preferable to tea, I think. 我认为咖啡比茶更好

 

confer=con(together)+fer(take)[一起拿起来讨论]
     动词“商讨,商谈”,
例:The president conferred with his consultants before announcing the decision.总统在宣布决定之前会与顾问商讨。其名词为conference“会议” forum 例:世界财富论坛 Fortune Global Forum 

 

differ  dif –[表示分开]
1(from)“与……不同”,例:I differ from you in character.我与你在性格方面非常不同。
2(with)“与……意见不同”,例:I differ with you on the subject.对于这件事我与你的意见不同。
difference“不同”,different“不同的”

refer动词“参考,查阅”,[re表示again , 表示不断地拿,不断地看]
          如refer to a dictionary 查字典
          其名词为reference“参考”,如reference books参考书
referee“裁判”[北海:ee 表示动作的承受者,refer 的对象,遇到争议要去征求裁判的意见]
            (相关:employ动词“雇佣”,employee名词“雇员”)

 

infer=in + fer(take)从里面拿出来的观点,动词“推断”,例:I inferred from his words that he wanted us to leave.从他的话当中我们推断出他是想让我们离开。
transfer=trans(across)+ fer(take)动词“调动”,如transfer to another team调到另一个队伍
前缀:trans -  transport  transform—transformer变形金刚  transplant

 

The findings paint a unique picture of the shopping habits of customers, plus their motivation and ________.
A) privileges       B) possibilities
C) possessions       D) preferences


7.illegal 非法的

 前缀:  il ir通常放在l, r 开头的形容词通常表示否定前缀 

irrational 不合理的(ir+rational 合理的)
* irrational arguments / behavior 不合理的论据 / 荒谬的言行

irregular 不规则的(ir+regular 规则的)
irresistible 不可抗拒的(ir+resistible 可抗拒的)
irresistible beauty  [奥黛丽赫本]
irresistible impulse 不可遏抑的冲动
  看完电影 I had an irresistible impulse to cry . =  I couldn’t help doing sth
       Irreplaceable 不可替代的  
                  A irreplaceable person in the company ----- CEO
                  J 公司可以替代的小人物  peon / small potato /
                     Big potato / big shot / big bug/ biggie
Irrelevant  adj.His remarks are irrelevant to our topic
illegal 非法的(il+legal 合法的)* illegal drugs / illegal deals 非法毒品/交易
illiterate 不识字的(il+literate 认字的) --- literature 文学
illogical 不合逻辑的(il+logical 逻辑的)

 

In the U.S. 88 percent of smokers had started before they were 18, despite the fact that it is ________ to sell cigarettes to anyone under that age.
A) liable        B) liberal
C) irrational       D) illegal

 

8.Memorable adj. 值得记忆的
词根:memo- 表示记忆
Memorable adj 值得记忆的--难忘的 = unforgettable
Memory n.
Memo 备忘录
Memorial n. 纪念馆
Remember v.
  Commemorate v. 纪念  * This monument commemorates our victory.
                      这座碑是纪念我们胜利的。

  According to the key witnesses, a peculiarly big nose is the criminal’s most memorable facial ________.
A) feature       B) hint
C) spot        D) signature

 F. W. Woolworth was the first businessman to erect a true skyscraper to ________ himself, and in 1929, A1 Smith, a former governor of New York, sought to outreach him.
A) portray         B) proclaim
C) exaggerate       D) commemorate

 

9. Interrupt :
前缀: Inter – 在中间
J Inter – 在…之间,相互
Interaction n. 相互作用 / 互动   chemical interaction 化学相互作用
International
Interpersonal ,    interpersonal relationships人与人之间的关系
Interrelate v. 相互关联
Intervene v.  vene-走 – 走在两者之间 à 干涉
Interchange v. 相互交换 interchange gifts 互赠礼物
Interchangeable adj.  taxi and cab are interchangeable

 

词根:rupt = break

Interrupt=inter + rupt两个相互联系的事件被断开
1“打扰”--- 强调中断别人。例:Don’t interrupt me while I’m busy.在我忙的时候千万不要打扰我。bother跟brother兄弟很像,例:Sorry to bother you.很抱歉打扰你了。
Excuse me.是打扰别人之前说,
Sorry to bother you.是打扰人之后说。
表示“打扰,干扰”的单词是disturb,它还有一个含义是“使不安”,如a piece of disturbing news.一条使人不安消息。
2“暂时中断”,例:Trade between the two countries was interrupted by the World War Two.由于二战,两国的贸易中断了。

北海: 下面看看 A/B/C/D/E 打头的 rupt 同根词:

abrupt,词根rupt=break,体会一下什么叫break
突发的,唐突的
1比如现在我们上课,突然地动山摇,你突然明白过来,地震了,之后就会出现“break”,我们不再按原来的教学计划继续上课,因此abrupt表示“突发的”,如abrupt death / change / departure突然死亡 / 改变 / 离开
2举个例子,人与人见面通常是打招呼,然后寒暄两句,但有一天呢,你跟人家聊天的时候,这个聊天突然被break中断了,然后又off偏离了这个话题,你问了一个不该问的问题。此时abrupt表示“唐突的,鲁莽的”,如abrupt manner鲁莽的言行

bankrupt
1“破产的”,bank表古代商人的钱袋。例:The company went bankrupt during the economic crisis.这家公司在经济危机时破产了。
2“使破产”,例:The investment in the securities bankrupted him.在证券业的投资,使他彻底破产了。vest背心,invest把背心都投进去,“投资”。
Securities“证券”,secure形容词表“安全的”,
动词表“经过艰苦努力而得到”,例:They have managed to secure the loan from the bank.他们终于从银行里得到了贷款。
corrupt=cor + rupt
1“贪污的,腐败的”,一个人贪,贪不起来,永远都是官官相护,一定是大家一起来贪污腐败。如corrupt officials贪污腐败的官员
2“使贪污,腐败,败坏”,例:The pornography spread by the Internet has corrupted the minds of the young people.由网络传播的色情腐蚀着年轻人的思想。
构词法:词根con,当后面的词根首字母为辅音字母时,n变成此辅音字母,如collaborate=col + labor + ate大家一起劳动,“合作”,cooperation=co + operation一起操作,“合作”。

disrupt=dis(away)+ rupt,使分裂, 使瓦解, 使陷于混乱, 破坏
举个例子,我们现在正在开Party,突然来了一伙暴徒,又强又砸,于是这个会议就break了,而且我们还会stay away,躲得远远的。“使混乱,扰乱”,它不止有中断打扰的意思,还有被破坏且在短期内不能恢复的含义。
比如 2008 年的我国南方的雪灾使得铁路和航空运输一度中断
例:The snowstorm has disrupted the railway and airline services in southern region of China .
 disrupt名词为disruption,例:The snowstorm has caused the disruption of transportation system

erupt=e(out)+ rupt
1“火山喷发”,很好理解,火山是从大陆版块破裂的地方喷发,它喷发时是流淌出来吗?不是,是out喷出来。
2“(战争危机)突然爆发”,例:Violence erupted after the negotiation.谈判后爆发了暴力冲突。

rupture
1“破裂”,如the rupture of the blood vessel血管破裂
2有比喻意,如the rupture of the friendly relations between the two countries两国友好关系的破裂

 

10. Object v. 反对
 ject词根: ject = throw
object   v. ob –反 --- 反着扔 à 反对  objection !  Objection overruled .
                                                 Objection sustained
  subject〔 sub- 在…之下,ject 投;“投于某种管辖之下”-->〕使服从,使隶属,支配,统治;
 ** be subjected/subject to 受制于,受…支配 (be subject to也可subject adj.)
Everyone is subjected the laws
In ancient times, human beings were subject to nature.
 reject : 向后抛回去 ---- 拒绝
 project v. 向前抛-----投射 projector 幻灯机,放映机
  inject v. 注射 injector n.注射器
  eject  v.向外喷射  the fire ejected flames

  Brazil’s constitution ________ the military use of nuclear energy.
A) withdraws       B) forbids
C) interrupts       D) objects

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