4-15
1. undertake v. 着手做，从事，承担，接受，同意，保证，负责
Undertake
an attack. 发动进攻。Undertake a major
effort 做最大的努力。
Undertake
responsibility 承担责任。I can’t undertake
that you will make a profit.
*undertaking n. 任务，事业，保证，许诺
A
prosperous undertaking 繁荣昌盛的事业。
I can give
you no undertakings.
2. undermine v. 在……下挖，暗中破坏，逐渐损坏
Undermine
a wall 挖墙角 Insults undermined
her confidence.
3. underlie v. 位于……之下，引起，构成……的基础
Many
facts underlie my decision. 我的决定是以许多事实为根据的。
There
were deeper tensions underlying last week’s out burst.
* underlying a. 在下面的，基础的，潜在的，an underlying
problem..基本问题
An
underlying meaning.深层含义
4. underline v. 在……划线，强调
Please
translate the underlined sentences in the passage.
5.undergraduate n./a. 大学本科生，刚毕业的
He is now
is an undergraduate and he wants to be a
postgraduate.(研究生)
6. undergo v. 经历，遭受，忍受
His
opinions underwent a change. Undergo much suffering.
7. underestimate v. 低估 underestimate the
difficulties of the task.
8. uncover v. 揭开，揭露
uncover a plot.
9. unanimous a. 全体一致的，一致同意的
They are
unanimous in asking for a rise in pay.
He was elected by
a unanimous vote.
10. ultimate a. 最后的，最终的，极点的，基本的，最大最高的。
The war ended for us
in ultimate victory.
The ultimate
authority 最高当局 an ultimate
principle基本原理。
He gave his life and
thereby paid the ultimate price.
4-16
1. twist v./n. 捻，绞，曲解
Twist
one’s face into a grin 呲牙咧嘴地笑。
Give the
fact a twist.
2. twinkle v./n. 闪烁，闪耀
The
stars twinkled in the sky.
3. twin n./a. 双胞胎，成对的
4. tutor n./v. 宗教，指导。He tutored the child in
mathematics.
5. turn v./n. 转，变成，变化，一次机会。He hoped for a turn in his
luck.
By
turns 轮流地，in turn
依次，转而，反过来。Theory is based on practice and in
turn serves practice. Turn down.拒绝，关小，调低。Turn in, 上交，拐弯进入，折入turn into 变成。Turn
off关掉，拐弯。He turned off when he ought to have
gone straight on. Turn
on 打开，开动。
Turn out 制造，结果是，驱逐
turn
over 翻过来，交给。Turn to 变成，求助于，着手工作。
Turn up 开大，调大，出现，发生。Take turns 依次，轮流。
* One good turn deserves
another.以德报德
6. turbulent 骚乱的，混乱的，狂暴的。A turbulent crowd. Turbulent
thoughts.
*turbulence n. 动荡，混乱
social
turbulence.
7. tune n./v. 曲调，曲子，调音，调整，使和谐
She wrote
the words of the song and her brother wrote the tune.
Her
character is quite out of tune with her beauty.
He tuned
himself to a slower life.
* tune in 收听，调谐，使协调
He is
not very well tuned in to his surroundings.
8.tumble v. 跌倒，暴跌，n. 摔倒，下降
The stock
market tumbled.
9. tuition n. 学费，教学，指导
He gives
tuition in mathematics.
10. tug v. 用力托，猛拉，n.牵引
He tugged
the door but it wouldn’t open.
Time
tugged her here and there.
* tug-of-war 拔河，激烈的争夺。
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