常用英语语法术语表
(2010-10-27 21:05:52)
标签:
教育 |
语法 grammar
句法 syntax
词法 morphology
结构 structure
层次 rank
句子 sentence
从句 clause
词组 phrase
词类 part of speech
单词 word
实词 notional word
虚词 structural word
单纯词simple word
派生词derivative
复合词compound
词性part of speech
名词 noun
专有名词 proper noun
普通名词 common noun
可数名词 countable noun
不可数名词 uncountable noun
抽象名词 abstract noun
具体名词 concrete noun
物质名词 material noun
集体名词 collective noun
个体名词 individual noun
介词 preposition
连词 conjunction
动词 verb
主动词 main verb
及物动词 transitive verb
不及物动词 intransitive verb
系动词 link verb/copulative verb
不完全动词defective verb
助动词 auxiliary verb
异相动词deponent verb
双宾语动词ditransitive verb
准动词epistemic verb
瞬间动词instant verb
延续性动词durational verb
行为动词action verb
主动动词active verb
链接动词catenative verb
特殊动词anomalous verb
抽象动词abstract verb
施动动词agentive verb
完全动词complete verb
复合动词compound verb/composite verb
情态动词 modal verb
规则动词 regular verb
不规则动词 irregular verb
短语动词 phrasal verb
限定动词 finite verb
非限定动词 infinite verb
使役动词 causative verb
感官动词 verb of senses
动态动词 event/dynamic verb
静态动词 state/static verb
分词participle
现在分词present participle
独立分词absolute participle
主动分词active participle
被动分词passive participle/past participle
分词短语participle phrase
动名词gerund
分词短语gerund phrase
动名词的gerundial
不定式infinitive
感叹词 exclamation
形容词 adjective
原级positive degree
比较级comparative degree
最高级superlative degree
副词 adverb
方式副词 adverb of manner
程度副词 adverb of degree
时间副词 adverb of time
地点副词 adverb of place
修饰性副词 adjunct
连接性副词 conjunct
疑问副词 interrogative adverb
关系副词 relative adverb
代词 pronoun
人称代词 personal pronoun
物主代词 possessive pronoun
反身代词 reflexive pronoun
相互代词 reciprocal pronoun
指示代词 demonstrative pronoun
疑问代词 interrogative pronoun
关系代词 relative pronoun
不定代词 indefinite pronoun
物主代词 possessive pronoun
名词性物主代词 nominal possessive prnoun
形容词性物主代词 adjectival possessive pronoun
冠词 article
定冠词 definite article
不定冠词 indefinite article
零冠词zero article
数词 numeral
基数词 cardinal numeral
序数词 ordinal numeral
分数词 fractional numeral
形式 form
单数形式 singular form
复数形式 plural form
限定动词 finite verb form
非限定动词 non-finite verb
form
原形 base form
从句 clause
从属句 subordinate clause
并列句 coordinate clause
名词从句 nominal clause
定语从句 attributive clause
状语从句 adverbial clause
宾语从句 object clause
主语从句 subject clause
同位语从句 appositive clause
时间状语从句 adverbial clause of time
地点状语从句 adverbial clause of place
方式状语从句 adverbial clause of manner
让步状语从句 adverbial clause of concession
原因状语从句 adverbial clause of cause
结果状语从句 adverbial clause of result
目的状语从句 adverbial clause of purpose
条件状语从句 adverbial clause of condition
真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of real condition
非真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of unreal condition
含蓄条件句 adverbial clause of implied condition
错综条件句 adverbial clause of mixed condition
句子 sentence
简单句 simple sentence
并列句 compound sentence
复合句 complex sentence
并列复合句 compound complex sentence
陈述句 declarative sentence/narrative sentence
祈使句imperative sentence
疑问句 interrogative sentence
一般疑问句 general question
特殊疑问句 special question
选择疑问句 alternative question
附加疑问句 tag question
反义疑问句 disjunctive question
修辞疑问句 rhetorical question
感叹疑问句 exclamatory question
存在句 existential sentence
肯定句 positive sentence
基本句型 basic sentence patern
否定句 negative sentence
祈使句 imperative sentence
省略句 elliptical sentence
感叹句 exclamatory sentence
倒装invertic
sentence
句子成分 members of sentences
主语 subject
谓语 predicate
宾语 object
双宾语 dual object
直接宾语 direct object
间接宾语 indirect object
复合宾语 complex object
同源宾语 cognate object
补语 complement
主补 subject complement
宾补 object complement
表语 predicative
定语 attribute
同位语 appositive
状语 adverbial
句法关系 syntatic relationship
并列 coordinate
从属 subordination
修饰 modification
修饰语modifier/qualifier
前置修饰 pre-modification
后置修饰 post-modification
限制 restriction
双重限制 double-restriction
非限制 non-restriction
数 number
单数形式 singular form
复数形式 plural form
规则形式 regular form
不规则形式 irregular form
格 case
普通格 common case
所有格 possessive case
主格 nominative case
宾格 objective case
性 gender
阳性 masculine
阴性 feminine
通性 common
中性 neuter
人称 person
第一人称 first person
第二人称 second person
第三人称 third person
时态 tense
过去将来时 past future tense
过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense
过去将来完成时 past future perfect tense
一般现在时 present simple tense
一般过去时 past simple tense
一般将来时 future simple tense
现在完成时 past perfect tense
过去完成时 present perfect tense
将来完成时 future perfect tense
现在进行时 present continuous tense
过去进行时 past continuous tense
将来进行时 future continuous tense
过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense
现在完成进行时 present perfect continuous tense
过去完成进行时 past perfect continuous tense
语态 voice
主动语态 active voice
被动语态 passive voice
语气 mood
陈述语气 indicative mood
祈使语气 imperative mood
虚拟语气 subjunctive mood
否定 negation
否定范围 scope of negation
全部否定 full negation
局部否定 partial negation
转移否定 shift of negation
语序 order
自然语序 natural order
倒装语序 inversion
全部倒装 full inversion
部分倒装 partial inversion
直接引语 direct speech
间接引语 indirect speech
自由直接引语 free direct speech
自由间接引语 free indirect speech
一致 agreement
主谓一致 subject-predicate agreement
语法一致 grammatical agreement
概念一致 notional agreement
就近原则 principle of proximity
强调 emphasis
重复 repetition
语音 pronunciation
语调 tone
升调 rising tone
降调 falling tone
降升调 falling-rising tone
文体 style
正式文体 formal
非正式文体 informal
口语 spoken/oral English
套语 formulistic expression
英国英语 British English
美国英语 American English
用法 usage
感情色彩 emotional coloring
褒义 commendatory
贬义 derogatory
幽默 humorous
讽刺 sarcastic
挖苦 ironic
修辞rhetoric
比喻figure of speech
拟人personification
讽刺satire
明喻simile
逆论,反说paradox
暗示allusion
双关语pun
拟声onomatopoeia
象征symbol
委婉euphony
反讽Irony
类推Analogy
夸张法Hyperbole
意象Imagery
暗喻metaphor
排比parallelism
节选excerpt/extract
摘要
前言preface/prologue
后绪/跋epilogue
词形变化表paradigm
同义词synonym
反义词anonym
近义词homoionym
上位词hypernym
下位词hyponym
压韵rhyme
节奏/韵律rhythm
语音学phonetics/phonology
构词学
. full stop 句号
, comma 逗号
: colon 冒号
; semicolon 分号
? question mark 问号
! exclamation mark (英式英语) exclamation point (美式英语)
' apostrophe 撇号
- hyphen 连字号
-- dash 破折号
... dots/ ellipsis 省略号
" single quotation marks 单引号
"" double quotation marks 双引号
‖ parallel 双线号
& ampersand = and
~ swung dash 代字号
§ section; division 分节号
→ arrow 箭号;参见号
{ open brace, open curly 左花括号
} close brace, close curly 右花括号
( open parenthesis, open paren 左圆括号
) close parenthesis, close paren 右圆括号
() brakets/ parentheses 括号
[ open bracket 左方括号
] close bracket 右方括号
[] square brackets 方括号
. period, dot 句号,点
| vertical bar, vertical virgule 竖线
& ampersand, and, reference, ref 和,引用
* asterisk, multiply, star, pointer 星号,乘号,星,指针
/ slash, divide, oblique 斜线,斜杠,除号
// slash-slash, comment 双斜线,注释符
# pound 井号
\ backslash, sometimes
escape 反斜线转义符,有时表示转义符或续行符
~ tilde 波浪符
+
-
± plus or minus 正负号
× is multiplied by 乘号
÷ is divided by 除号
= is equal to 等于号
≠ is not equal to 不等于号
≡ is equivalent to 全等于号
≌ is equal to or approximately equal to 等于或约等于号
≈ is approximately equal to 约等于号
< is less than 小于号
> is more than 大于号
≮ is not less than 不小于号
≯ is not more than 不大于号
≤ is less than or equal to 小于或等于号
≥ is more than or equal to 大于或等于号
%
‰ per mill 千分之...
∞ infinity 无限大号
∝ varies as 与...成比例
√ (square) root 平方根
∵ since; because 因为
∴ hence 所以
∷ equals, as (proportion) 等于,成比例
∠ angle 角
⌒ semicircle 半圆
⊙ circle 圆
○ circumference 圆周
π pi 圆周率
△ triangle 三角形
⊥ perpendicular to 垂直于
∪ union of 并,合集
∩ intersection of 交,通集
∫ the integral of ...的积分
∑ (sigma) summation of 总和
° degree 度
′ minute 分
″ second 秒
℃ Celsius system 摄氏度