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The Magic of Energy 能的魔力(2007-06-08 07:27:47)
 

   1.We talk about energy all the time-"Zilch,the energy food," "energy crisis," and so on.If asked to define it,however,we'd probably respond with something like "Well,it's-uh-well,you know-electricity."
我们时时刻刻讨论着能:“能量食物”,“能源危机”,等等。如果要我们去给能下个定义,答案很可能是一些模棱两可的话:“哦,能量是,嗯,你知道,电。”
magic=魔法;
energy =[物]能量;
talk about=讨论;
all the time=始终;
zilch=零(这里当“哦”);
food=食物;
energy crisis=能源危机;
and so on=等等;
define=定义;
however=然而;
 probably=大概;
respond=回答;
Well=这里当“哦”;
uh=这里当“哦”;
well=这里当“嗯”;
electricity=电

  2.True;electricity is one kind of energy.However,energy comes in many forms.You cannot see or smell or taste energy,but it's always there,and one of the most fascinating things about it is its ability to change from one form to another-like magic.This principle of change is what keeps everything-and everyone-going in this world of ours.
确实,电是能量中的一种。但是,能量可以来自多种形式。你看不见、闻不到、也品尝不了能,但是,它始终存在着,关于能量,最吸引人的就是,它具有从一种形式转换成另外一种形式的能力,简直如同魔术。这些转化的原理是维持我们这个世界每一样事物、每一个人的运动。
true=确实;
electricity=电;
come in=来自;
form=形式;
smell=闻到;
taste=品尝; 
fascinating=吸引人的;
 thing=事;
ability=能力;
change from=变化;
magic=魔法;
 principle =原理;
keep….going =继续(运转);
everything=每一样事;
everyone=每个人;
  Heat Energy热能

  3.When a fuel unites with oxygen,we say the fuel burns; what is really happening is that chemical energy(fuel and oxygen) is changing to heat energy.When the fuel(food) we eat unites with the oxygen we breathe,we then have heat energy to run our bodies.
当燃料与氧气结合,我们就说燃料开始燃烧了,实际发生的是化学能(燃料与氧气)转化成热能。当燃料(我们吃的食物)与我们呼吸的氧气结合,我们获得我们身体运动所需的热能。
fuel=燃料;
unite with=结合;
oxygen=氧气;
burn=燃烧;
really=真正的;
happen=发生;
chemical energy=化学能;
change to=转化成;
unite with =结合;
breathe=呼吸;
run=运转;
body=身体;

  4.When you pop(应该是put更合适) a frozen waffle into the toaster,electrical energy turns into heat energy.
当你取出一块冷冻饼放进烤面包器时,电能转化成了热能。
put into=使进入;
frozen=冷冻;
waffle=华夫饼干;
toaster=烤箱;
electrical energy=电能;
 turn into =转化成;

  5.In the internal-combustion engine of a car,an electric spark explodes gasses in the cylinder;the heat energy moves the pistons,becoming mechanical energy to move the car.
在汽车的内燃机引擎里,电火花引爆气缸里的燃料气体,然后热能推动活塞,成为机械能推动汽车行驶。
internal-combustion engine=内燃机,internal=内部,combustion燃烧,engine发动机;
 electric spark=电火花;
 explode=爆;
 gas=汽油;
cylinder=气缸;
the heat energy moves the piston=活塞;
become=成为;
mechanical energy=机械能;
car=汽车.

  6.In a steam engine,the chemical energy of fuel is changed to heat energy;the heated water,now steam,forces the pistons to move.In a steam turbine,the steam pushes against blades.In both cases,mechanical energy results.
在蒸汽机里,燃料里的化学能转化成热能,加热水,成为水蒸汽,推动活塞运动。在燃气轮机里,水蒸汽推动的是叶片。在这两种情况中,都是机械能起的作用。
 steam engine=蒸汽机;
 chemical energy=化学能;
change to=转化成;
steam=蒸汽;
force=推动;
piston=活塞
steam turbine=蒸汽轮机;
push=推;
blade=叶片;
both =两者;
case=情况;
mechanical energy =机械能;result=导致.

  7.This changing from one form of energy to another can continue almost indefinitely.If,for instance,the steam engine or turbine is connected to a generator,the mechanical energy can become electrical energy,which can become heat energy(for the electric stove),mechanical energy(for the washer),etc.
能量从一种形式转化为另一种形式的变化几乎能够平稳连续进行。比如说,如果蒸汽机或者蒸汽轮机和一个发电机联接起来,那么机械能就可以转化成电能,然后转化成热能(比如电炉)、机械能(如洗衣机)等等。
change from=转化;
form =形式;
energy=能量;
continue=连续;
indefinitely=无限期;
for instance=例如;
turbine=涡轮;
connect=连接;
generator=发电机;
mechanical energy=机械能;
stove=炉;
washer=洗衣机;
etc=等等.

  8.Thus,energy readily changes back and forth from one form to another.What starts out as one form of energy may be a totally different form when it reaches its final use.
因此,能量可以轻易地从一种形式到另一种形式来回转换。从最初的能量形式到最后的使用形式,能的形态可能已经完全改变了
readily =轻易;change…from….to=从….转换….; back and forth=来回;start out=出发;form of energy =能量形式;totally =完全;different form=….不同;reache=到达; final=最终;
六、分词介绍(一):
1 分词作定语
  分词前置
  We can see the rising sun. 我们可以看到东升的旭日
  He is a retired worker.  他是位退休的工人
  分词后置 (i.分词词组;ii. 个别分词如given, left; iii. 修饰不定代词 something等)
  There was a girl sitting there. 有个女孩坐在那里
  This is the question given.   这是所给的问题
  There is nothing interesting.  没有有趣的东西
  过去分词作定语
  与其修饰的词是被动关系,相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
  Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.
  Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.
  典型例题
  1) The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
  A. have written  B. to be written  C. being written  D. written
  答案D.
2)What's the language ____ in Germany?
  A. speaking  B. spoken   C. be spoken  D. to speak
  答案B.
  2 分词作状语
  As I didn't receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.
  -> Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.
  由于没有收到他的信,我给他打了电话。
  If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.
  -> Given more attention,the trees could have grown better.
  假如多给些照顾,那些树会长得更好。
  典型例题
  1)_____ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.
  A. Followed  B. Followed by  C. Being followed  D. Having been followed
答案B.
  2)There was a terrible noise ___ the sudden burst of light.
  A. followed  B. following  C. to be followed  D. being followed答案B.
  3)_______, liquids can be changed into gases.
  A. Heating  B. To be heated  C. Heated  D. Heat答案C.
注意: 选择现在分词还是过去分词,关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出,分词就选用现在分词,反之就用过去分词。
  (Being ) used for a long time, the book looks old.
  由于用了很长时间,这本书看上去很旧。
  Using the book, I find it useful.
  在使用的过程中, 我发现这本书很有用。
  3 连词+分词(短语)
While waiting there, he saw two pretty girls come out of the building  waiting 和saw 的主语相同。
  4 分词作补语
  通常在感官动词和使役动词之后,如:
  I found my car missing. 我发现我的车不见了。
  I'll have my watch repaired. 我想把我的手表修一下。

9.Radiant energy is also called light energy.Our most important source of radiant energy is ,of course,the sun.Without it there would be no life,for plant life depends upon radiant energy-and we depend upon plant life.
辐射能也称作光能。当然,我们人类最重要的光能的来源就是太阳。没有太阳,就没有生命,植物的生命依赖辐射能,而我们依赖植物的生命。
Radiant energy=辐射能;
call=命名;
light energy=光能;
source=来源;
of course=当然;
Without=没有;
life=生命;
plant life=植物的生命;
depend upon =依赖;

10.Other forms of radiant energy familiar to us are radio waves,infrared rays,ultra-violet rays,X rays,and gamma rays.
  我们熟悉的另外一些形式的辐射能是电磁波,红外线、紫外线、X射线和伽玛射线。
form=形式;
familiar=熟悉;
radio wave=电磁波;
infrared rays=红外线;
ultra-violet rays=紫外线;
X rays=X射线;
gamma rays=伽玛射线.
Mechanical Energy 机械能

  11.In simplest terms,this is the energy of a moving object.Your heartbeat,the pushing of a lawn mower,a baseball speeding through the air,water falling onto a waterwheel,the prying up of a rock with a crowbar-all are mechanical energy,which,of course,was another form of energy earlier.
用最简单的术语来描述,机械能就是移动着的物体拥有的能量。你的心脏跳动、推进割草机、棒球在空中高速飞过、水落入水轮机、用撬杠撬开石头等等,所有这些都是机械能,当然,在转化之前它是另一种能量形式。
simplest=最简单;
 term=术语;
object=物体;
heartbeat=心脏跳动;
push=推动;
lawn=草地;
mower=割草机;
baseball=棒球;
speeding through=高速飞过;
 waterwheel=水车;
pry up =撬动;
rock =石头;
with =用;
crowbar=撬棍;
 mechanical energy=机械能;
 of course=当然;
  Electrical Energy电能

  12.Electrical energy usually has to be changed to another form before it actually does what we want it to do.In the toaster,it changes to heat;in a tiny wrist watch or a subway train or a 75,000 horse-power industrial motor,it changes to mechanical energy.In an industrial process called electrolysis,it changes to chemical energy.
通常情况下,电能必须先转化为另一种形式的能,才能为我们所用。对烤面包机来说,电能转化成热能,在一个小小的手表里或者地铁列车里或者一台75000马力的工业电动机里,电能转化成机械能。在所谓的电解工业的过程中,它转化成化学能。
 change to=转化为;
toaster=烤箱;
 tiny=小小的;
wrist watch=手表 ,wrist手腕;
 subway=地铁;
 train =列车;
horse-power=马力;
 industrial motor=工业电动机;
process=过程;
 electrolysis=电解;
chemical energy=化学能.
  Chemical Energy化学能

  13.Various fuels such as coal,gas,oil and food are common examples of chemical energy.These fuels give off heat when they burn.The process is called combustion or oxidation,and the heat itself is a form of energy.Man uses the energy from some kind of fuel for everything from flying to the moon to thinking about it.
最常见的化学能包括煤、天然气、石油、和食物等各种各样的燃料。当这些燃料燃烧时释放出热能。这个过程我们称之为燃烧或者氧化反应,同时热本身也是能量的一种形式。人们从不同燃料中得到的能量,并用这些能量做任何事情,大到飞上月球,小到头脑的思考。
various=各样的;
fuel=燃料;
such as=例如;
 coal=,gas=天然气,
oil=石油;
food=食物;
common=常见的;
example例子;
 give off=发出;
burn=燃烧;
combustion=燃烧;
 oxidation=氧化;
think about=思考

  14.A special kind of chemical energy is nuclear energy,sometimes called atomic energy.These names come from the fact that the source of energy the nucleus,or core,of the atom,Nuclear fuels much as plutonium and uranium give off heat energy when fission(the splitting of atoms in these fuels) occurs.Already we have seen tremendous advances in the use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes,and many people see nuclear energy as the future answer to almost all of our energy need.
14、核能是一种特殊的化学能,有时候我们称之为原子能。这个名称来自于原子能来源于核、或者原子核这样的事实。当核燃料,例如钋(应该为钚)和铀,发生核裂变时释放出热能(这些燃料中原子发生分裂)。我们已经看到和平利用核能所带来的巨大好处,并且很多人认为核能可以看作解决未来人类能源需求问题的答案。
special=特殊;
nuclear energy=核能;
 atomic energy=原子能;
come from =来自;
source =来源;
;nucleus=核子;
core of the atom=原子核;
 Nuclear fuels =核燃料;
plutonium=钚;
 uranium=铀;
give off=发出;
 fission=(使)裂变;
split=分裂;
occur=发生;
 tremendous=极大的;
advance=好处;
 peaceful=和平的;
 purpose=目的;
answer to =答复
  15.Energy-the kind of magic we can't live without.
能,是与人类生存息息相关的一种魔力。

六、分词介绍(二):
5 分词作表语
  现在分词: 表示主动,正在进行
  过去分词: 表示被动,已经完成
  She looked tired with cooking. 她由于忙着做饭,看上去有些疲倦。
  He remained standing beside the table. 他依然站在桌旁。
  6 分词作插入语
  其结构是固定的,意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。
  generally speaking 一般说来
  talking of (speaking of) 说道
  strictly speaking 严格的说
  judging from 从…判断
  all things considered 从整体来看
  taking all things into consideration 全面看来
  Judging from his face, he must be ill. 从他的脸色看,他一定是病了。
  Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs. 总的来说,狗比猪跑得快。 (speaking 并不是dogs 的动作)
  7 分词的时态
  1)与主语动词同时,
  Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.  听到这一消息,他高兴得手舞足蹈。
  Arriving there, they found the boy dead. 刚一到那儿,他们就发现那男孩死了。
  典型例题
  The secretary worked late into the night, ___a long speech for the president.
  A. to prepare  B. preparing  C. prepared  D. was preparing
  答案B. 此处没有连词,不能选D,否则出现了两个谓语动词worked和was preparing。 只能在B,C中选一个。又因前后两个动作同时发生,且与主语为主动关系,应用现在分词。
  2)先于主动词
  While walking in the garden,he hurt his leg. 在花园里散步时他伤了腿。
  分词作时间状语,如果先与主动词的动作,且强调先后, 要用having done。
  Having finished his homework, he went out.
  =As he had finished his homework, he went out.
  做完作业后,他出去了。
  典型例题
  ___ a reply, he decided to write again.
  A. Not receiving  B. Receiving not  C. Not having received  D. Having not received
  答案C. 本题考查分词的时态与分词的否定式。根据题意判断,分词的动作(接信)发生在谓 语动词的动作(决心再写信)之前,因此用分词的完成式。分词的否定式的构成为not +分词,故选C。该句可理解为: Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again.
  8 分词的语态
  1)通常,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动,例如:
  He is the man giving you the money. (= who gave you…) 他就是给你钱的那个人。
  He is the man stopped by the car.  ( = who was stopped by…)
  他就是那个被车拦住的人。
  2)不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生
  gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned
  例: a well-read person.  一个读过许多书的人
  a much-travelled may 一个去过许多地方的人
  a burnt-out match   烧完了的火柴

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