Gentlemen,
先生们:
1. In speaking to you, men of the greatest city of the West, men of
the State which gave to the country Lincoln and Grant, men who
preeminently and distinctly embody all that is most American in the
American character, I wish to preach not the doctrine of ignoble
ease but the doctrine of the strenuous life; the life of toil and
effort; of labor and strife; to preach that highest form of success
which comes not to the man who desires mere easy peace but to the
man who does not shrink from danger, from hardship, of(应该是or)
from bitter toil, and who out of these wins the splendid ultimate
triumph.
在向你们——西部最大城市的公民,为国家培育了林肯和格兰特的国家的公民,最能体现美国精神的公民—讲话时,我想谈的不是贪图安逸的人生哲学,而是要向你们宣讲勤奋生活论——即过勤奋苦干的生活,过忙碌奋斗的生活。我想说,成功的最高境界不属于满足安逸的人们,而是属于那些在艰难险阻面前从不畏惧终获辉煌的人们。
speak to=向---讲话;
speaking=讲话的;
city=城市 ;
west=西部;
country=国家 ;
Lincoln=林肯 ;
Grant=格兰特;
distinctly=清楚地;
embody=具体表达;
all that=所有;
American=美国人;
wish to =愿望;
preach=宣讲;
not ...but...= 不是...而是…;
doctrine=学说;
ease=安逸;
toil=苦干;
effort= 努力;
labor= 劳动;
strife=奋斗;
highest=[high 的最高级]最高的;
success=成功 ;
desires=想望 ;
mere= 只想;
easy= peace= 安静;
shrink from…. =回避,shrink退缩 ;
danger= 危险;
hardship= 艰难;
bitter= 艰苦;
out of =相当于这句话中的from,属于;
win= 赢得;
splendid= 辉煌;
ultimate=最后的 ;
triumph=胜利
In speaking to you, men of the greatest city of the West, men of
the State which gave to the country Lincoln and Grant,
men…..这句话中的三个men都是说明In speaking to
you中的you,你们是怎样的人,其中most
American可以翻译成“真正的美国人”
State大写时表示美国
of后面的名词修饰前面的名词,如the greatest city of the
West,你看到of时,要从后往前翻译,这个短语的翻译就是:西部最伟大的城市
2. The timid man, the lazy man, the man
who distrusts his country, the overcivilized man, who has lost the
great fighting, masterful virtues, the ignorant man and the man of
dull mind, whose soul is incapable of feeling the mighty lift that
thrills "stern men with empires in their brains"—all these, of
course, shrink from seeing the nation undertake its new duties;
shrink from seeing us build a navy and army adequate to our needs;
shrink from seeing us do our share of the world's work by bringing
order out of chaos in the great, fair tropic islands from which the
valor of our soldiers and sailors has driven the Spanish flag.
These are the men who fear the strenuous life, who fear the only
national life which is really worth leading. They believe in that
cloistered life which saps the hardy virtues in a nation, as it
saps them in the individual; or else they are wedded to that base
spirit of gain and greed which recognizes in commercialism the
be-all and end-all of national life, instead of realizing that,
though an indispensable element, it is after all but one of the
many elements that go to make up true national greatness. No
country can long endure if its foundations are not laid deep in the
material prosperity which comes from hard unsparing effort in the
fields of industrial activity; but neither was any nation ever yet
truly great if it relied upon material prosperity alone. All honor
must be paid to the architects of our material prosperity; to the
great captains of industry who have built our factories and our
railroads; to the strong men who toil for wealth with brain or
hand; for great is the debt of the nation to these and their kind.
But our debt is yet greater to the men whose highest type is to be
found in a statesman like Lincoln, a soldier like Grant. They
showed by their lives that they recognized the law of work, the law
of strife; they toiled to win a competence for themselves and those
dependent upon them; but they recognized that there were yet other
and even loftier duties—duties to the nation and duties to the
race.
凡怯懦、懒惰、不相信祖国的人,谨小慎微丧失坚强斗志的“文明过头”的人、混沌无知的人、思想僵化的人、不能像刚毅有抱负的人那样被鼓舞振奋的人——总之,当看到国家有新的责任要承担,当看到祖国正在建立足以满足需要的海陆军,当看到英勇的士兵和水手在美丽的热带岛屿上驱逐西班牙势力,承担起应尽的世界责任,恢复当地秩序——当看到这一切时,所有这些人都退缩了。就是这样一些人,他们害怕过勤奋的生活,害怕过真正值得过的国民的生活。他们相信与世隔绝的生活,任由这种生活在侵蚀他们个人吃苦耐劳品德的同时,也侵蚀了一个民族的吃苦耐劳精神。若不然,他们就沉迷于惟利是图、贪得无厌的卑污泥潭而不能自拔,认为国家应一切以商业利益为根本。但他们却不明白,商业利益固然是不可或缺的因素,然而毕竟只是造就真正伟大国家的许多因素之一。诚然,如果一个国家不是深深扎根于其工业活动领域的艰苦努力所带来的繁荣的物质基础之中,那么这个国家也不可能长久地生存下去。但是,如果仅仅依赖于物质财富,任何国家也永远不会成为真正伟大的国家。我们应该向那些创造了物质财富的人们致敬,向那些创建了工厂和铁路的实业巨头们致敬,向那些用勤劳和智慧换取财富的强者们致敬;国家很感激他们以及和他们一样的人。但是,我们更感激另外一些人,他们的最佳楷模就是林肯那样的政治家和格兰特那样的军人。他们的生活轨迹表明,他们清楚工作和斗争的法则,他们含辛茹苦,使自己和依赖他们生活的人们过上了富足的生活,而且他们懂得还有更崇高的责任—对国家和民族的责任。
timid=怯懦的;
lazy=懒惰的;
distrust=不信任;
overcivilized=“文明过头”, civilized=文明的;
lost=lose的过去分词,失去;
great =伟大;
fighting=斗志;
virtue=品德;
ignorant=无知;
dull mind=思想僵化,dull迟钝的, mind 头脑;
soul=灵魂;
be incapable of=不能作某事;
thrill=兴奋;
stern=坚强 ;
with =用;
empire=帝国;
brain=头脑;
all these=这里指所有这些人;
of course=当然;
shrink from =回避;
undertake=承担;
duty=责任;
shrink from=回避;
navy =海军;
army=陆军;
adequate to=足以;
shrink from =回避;
see…do…=看见…做…;
share=部分;
by=通过;
bring order out of chaos =恢复秩序,order 秩序,chaos混乱;
in the great, fair=美丽的;
tropic=热带的;
island=岛屿;
valor=勇敢;
soldier=士兵;
sailor=水手;
drive from=驱赶,driven =drive的过去分词;
Spanish =西班牙;
flag=国旗;
fear=害怕;
strenuous life=勤奋生活;
really =真正地;
worth=价值 ;
leading=主要的;
believe in=信奉;
cloistered life=隐居生活;
sap=削弱;
hardy virtue=吃苦耐劳的品德;
nation=民族;
as=正如;
individual=个人;
or else=或者说;
are wed to=沉迷于,wed嫁;
base =基本;
spirit=精神 ;
gain=所取;
greed=贪婪;
recognize=认为;
commercialism=商业主义;
instead of =而不是;
realizing认识到;
though=虽然;
indispensable=不可缺少的;
element=充分,
after all=毕竟;
go to =去;
make up 构成;
endure=存在;
foundations=基础;
lay in=在什么基础之上,laid是lay的过去分词;放置;
deep=深=material =物质;
prosperity=繁荣;
come from =来自;
hard unsparing effort=艰苦不懈的努力,unsparing不吝惜的;
in the field=在…方面;
industrial=工业的;
neither =也不truly=真正;
rely upon=依靠;
honor=荣誉;
paid =pay的过去时,给予;
architect=缔造者;
material prosperity=物质繁荣;
great captains of industry =工业巨头,captain首领;
factory=工厂;
railroad=铁路;
strong=坚强;
toil=苦干;
for =因为;
debt=欠账;
their kind=他们那样的.
highest type=最佳楷模;
be found =被找到,found是finfd的过去分词;
statesman=政治家;
….like….=…像..;
show=表现;
recogniz=承认
the law of work=工作的法则;
competence=财富 ;
dependent upon=依靠;
lofty=高尚;
duty=责任;
race=民族.
the valor of our soldiers and sailors has driven from the great,
fair tropic islands the Spanish flag
英勇的士兵和水手从伟大的、美丽的热带岛屿上驱赶了西班牙人。
用which是代替the great, fair tropic islands
the valor of our soldiers and sailors has driven from which the
Spanish flag,将from which放到句首,
句子就变成本段中的“from which the valor of our soldiers and
sailors has driven the Spanish flag ”
be-all and
end-all,所有这些单词组合起来是一个名词,“根本”。
neither was any nation ever yet truly great if it relied upon
material prosperity alone. neither否定意义句首,句子要倒装,
was倒装了
great is the debt of the nation to these and their kind. great
is倒装了,其强调作用,
正常语序the debt of the nation is great to these and their
kind国家欠他们以及和他们一样的人很多
3. I preach to you, then, my countrymen, that
our country calls not for the life of ease, but for the life of
strenuous endeavor. The twentieth century looms before us big with
the fate of many nations. If we stand idly by, if we seek merely
swollen, slothful ease, and ignoble peace, if we shrink from the
hard contests where men must win at hazard of their lives and at
the risk of all they hold dear, then the bolder and stronger
peoples will pass us by and will win for themselves the domination
of the world. Let us therefore boldly face the life of strife,
resolute to do our duty well and manfully; resolute to uphold
righteousness by deed and by word; resolute to be both honest and
brave, to serve high ideals, yet to use practical methods. Above
all, let us shrink from no strife, moral or physical, within or
without the nation, provided we are certain that the strife is
justified; for it is only through strife, through hard and
dangerous endeavor, that we shall ultimately win the goal of true
national greatness.
所以同胞们,我要讲的是,我们的国家要求我们不能好逸恶劳,而只能过刻苦勤奋的生活。迫在眉睫的20世纪将决定许多国家的命运。假如我们只是一味地袖手旁观、贪图享乐、苟且偷安,假如我们面临激烈的竞争考验时不是冒着牺牲个人生命和失去亲人的危险去赢得胜利,而是落荒而逃的话,那么,更勇敢坚强的民族就会超越我们,得以统领世界。因此,让我们勇敢地面对充满斗争考验的生活,下定决心卓越而果断地履行我们的职责;下定决心无论在语言还是行动上都坚持正义;下定决心诚实勇敢地以切实可行的方法为崇高的理想服务。最重要的是,无论是精神还是物质的斗争,无论是国内还是国外的斗争,只要我们确定正义在手,我们就绝不能逃避退缩。因为只有通过斗争,通过艰苦和充满危险的努力,我们才能最终达到目标—成为真正伟大的国家。
preach=讲;
countrymen=同胞,;
call for=不要求;
not ...but...= 不是...而是…;
strenuous=勤奋;
endeavor=努力;
the twentieth century=二十世纪;
loom …big=…赫然出现,loom迫近;
with=带来;
fate =命运;
stand by=旁观;
idly =无所事事;
swollen=自负;
slothful ease=安逸,
slothful懒惰;
peace=安宁,
contest=竞争;
at hazard of=冒…险;
lives=life的复数,生命;
at the risk of=冒...之危险;
all they hold dear=他们拥有的一切亲人, hold拥有;
then=那么;
stronger=坚强的人;
people=民族;
domination=统治;
boldly=勇敢地;
face=面对;
strife=奋斗,
resolute =坚决的;
duty =责任;
manfully=果断的;
uphold=支持;
righteousness=正义;
deed=行为;
serve=服务;
high ideal=崇高理想;
practical=实际的;
method=方法.
Above all=最重要的;
shrink from no=不回避;
physical=物质的, within or without the nation=国内国外;
certain =确信;
strife=奋斗justified=正当;
through =通过;
hard and dangerous endeavor=艰苦危险的努力,dangerous危险;
ultimately=最终;
goal=目标;greatness=伟大.
英语的词通常分为以下十大类:
名词: America =美国,表示….的名称;动词:
do=做,表示动作;代词:this=这个,用来代替名词;数词:one=一,表示数量;形容词:good=好的;用以修饰名词;副词:very=很,用以修饰动词;
冠词:a,an,the,用在名词前;还有零冠词(^_^,是指名词不用冠词的时候)
(2)
(3) 冠词只修饰名词:A knife is a tool for cutting with.
刀是切割的工具.(a是冠词不是数词,这里经过a修饰knife,一起表达【刀】类,
a 修饰tool,一起表达【工具】类)
(4)
这一条很重要,我们反复强调过,如果介词后面出现了动词,动词一定要+ing使自己名词化,它才能跟在介词的后面。….instead
of
realizing…意为:而不是认识到,在其中的realizing就是动词realize的动名词。
字典上各词类的缩写形式
名词-- n. 动词-- v.代词--pron.数词-- num. 形容词-- adj. 副词-- adv.
冠词-- art.介词-- prep.连词-- conj.感叹词-- int.
零冠词的用法
2)泛指的复数名词,表示一类人或事物时,可不用定冠词。例如:
They are teachers. 他们是教师。
3)抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词。例如:
Failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母。
4)物质名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词,当表示特定的意思时,需要加定冠词。例如:
Man cannot live without water. 离开水人就无法生存。
5)在季节、月份、节日、
假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,不加冠词。例如:
6)在称呼或表示官衔,职位的名词前不加冠词。例如:
7)在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前,不加冠词,如have
breakfast,play chess。
8)当两个或两个以上名词并用时,常省去冠词。例如:
I can't write without pen or
pencil. 没有钢笔和铅笔,我就写不了字。
9)当by 与火车等交通工具连用,表示一种方式时,中间无冠词,如by
bus,by train。
10)有些个体名词不用冠词,如school,college,prison,market,hospital,bed,table,class,town,church,court
等个体名词,直接置于介词后,表示该名词的深层含义。例如:
go to hospital
go to the hospital 去医院
(并不是去看病,而是有其他目的)
11)不用冠词的序数词;


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