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1.component
n.（名词）
A constituent element, as of a system.See Synonyms at element
成分：系统的组成要素参见 element
A part of a mechanical or electrical complex.
零件：机械或电器结构的组成部分
Mathematics One of a set of two or more vectors having a sum equal to a given vector.
【数学】 要素：其和等于给定向量的两个或多个向量中的一个
Any of the minimum number of substances required to specify completely the composition of all phases of a chemical system.
组分：任一能完全区分各种化学系统所有构成成分所必需的最少量物质
adj.（形容词）
Being or functioning as a constituent or an ingredient.
合成的：是或作为一个组成部分或成分的
衍生词：componential
2. substantial
adj.（形容词）
Of, relating to, or having substance; material.物质的：与物质有关的；具有物质的
True or real; not imaginary.真实的，非想象的
Solidly built; strong.结实的，健壮的
Ample; sustaining:丰盛的，丰富的：
a substantial breakfast.丰盛的早餐
Considerable in importance, value, degree, amount, or extent:
有重大价值的：重要的、有价值的或内容充实的：
won by a substantial margin.大胜
Possessing wealth or property; well-to-do.富裕的，富有的
n.（名词）
An essential. Often used in the plural.（通常用复数）实质性的东西
A solid thing. Often used in the plural.（通常用复数）结实的东西
衍生词汇
Substantiality n.实在性, 实质性, 实体
substantially adv.充分地
synonyms
actual, affluent, authentic, firm, real, rich, solid, sound, stable, strong, true, wealthy,
3.identified------identifyv.（动词）
i.den.ti.fied， i.den.ti.fy.ing， i.den.ti.fies
v.tr.（及物动词）
To establish the identity of.建立一致性
To ascertain the origin, nature, or definitive characteristics of.
确认，验明：确定…的起源、性质或起决定作用的特征
Biology To determine the taxonomic classification of (an organism).
【生物学】 确定（有机体的）类别等级
To consider as identical or united; equate.认为等同于或完全一致；使相等
To associate or affiliate (oneself) closely with a person or group.
融入：使（自己）与其他人或人群密切联系或依附于他们
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To establish an identification with another or others.
成为一体：与另一个人或其他人保持一致
衍生词汇
Identifiable adj.可以确认的
Identifiably adv.可辨认地
identifier n.检验人, 标识符
4.sponsor: n.（名词）
One who assumes responsibility for another person or a group during a period of instruction, apprenticeship, or probation.
发起者，主办者：在开始某项活动、学徒关系及试用期时，主动承担他人责任或一个团体责任的人
One who vouches for the suitability of a candidate for admission.
担保者：指保证选举人获得允诺的人
A legislator who proposes and urges adoption of a bill.
倡议者，提案人：提出和促使议案被采纳的立法者
One who presents a candidate for baptism or confirmation; a godparent.
后援组织，教父：替选举者洗礼或确保其成功的组织或人物；教父
One that finances a project or an event carried out by another person or group, especially a business enterprise that pays for radio or television programming in return for advertising time.
赞助者：以金钱形式赞助起他人或团体的项目的人，特指商业企业为了赢得广告时间的回报而为电台或电视节目支付的花销
v.tr.（及物动词）
spon.sored， spon.sor.ing， spon.sors
To act as a sponsor for.赞助
衍生词汇
Sponsorial adj. 保证人的, 主办者的, 教父的
sponsorship n.赞助者的地位,任务等
synonyms
bracker, promoter, supporter, underwriter
5. firm
n.公司, (合伙)商号
adj.结实的, 坚硬的, 坚定的, 坚固的, 牢固的, 稳固的, 严格的
vt.使牢固, 使坚定
vi.变稳固, 变坚实
adv.稳固地, 坚定地
用法：adj.（形容词）firm.er， firm.est
Resistant to externally applied pressure.坚硬的：抵抗外来压力的
Marked by or indicating the tone and resiliency of healthy tissue:
健壮的：表明身体的健康状态和健康组织的机能：
firm muscles.结实的肌肉
Securely fixed in place:稳固的：
Despite being hit by the car, the post was still firm.
尽管被车撞了，柱子仍然很稳固
Indicating or possessed of determination or resolution:
坚决的：表明或具有决心和意志的：
a firm voice.坚决的声音
Constant; steadfast:坚定的；不移的：
a firm ally.坚定的联盟
Not subject to change; fixed and definite:坚挺的：不易改变的；稳定的和确定的：
a firm bargain; a firm offer.明确的协议；固定的出价
Unfluctuating; steady:不浮动的；稳固的：
Stock prices are still firm.证券价格仍都很稳定
Strong and sure:强有力的，确信的：
a firm grasp.紧紧的一握
v.tr.intr.（及物动词和不及物动词）firmed， firm.ing， firms
To make or become firm.使稳定，使变坚固
adv.（副词）firmer， firmest
Without wavering; resolutely:不动摇地，坚决地：
stand firm.坚定地站立
衍生词汇
Firmly, firmness
参考词汇
firm， hard， solid
The central meaning shared by these adjectives is “tending not to yield to external pressure, touch, or force”: 这几个形容词所共有的中心意思是“不屈服于外界压力、触动或力量”：
a firm mattress; 硬褥子；
hard as granite; 硬似花岗岩；
solid ice.坚冰
6.potential see unit I
7.implementation---implement
n.（名词）
A tool or an instrument used in doing work:工具，器械：工作中使用的工具或器械：
a gardening implement.See Synonyms at tool 园艺工具参见 tool
An article used to outfit or equip.装备，家具，服装：用来装备或配备的物品
A means of achieving an end; an instrument or agent.媒介，手段：达到目的的途径；手段或媒介
v.tr.（及物动词）
im.ple.ment.ed， im.ple.ment.ing， im.ple.ments
To put into practical effect; carry out:使生效；执行：
implement the new procedures.See Synonyms at enforce 实施新的程序参见 enforce
To supply with implements.向…提供工具
Synomyms
Apparutus, appliance, bring about, carry out, complete, device, contraption,k instument, tool utensil
8. intend
v.（动词）in.tend.ed， in.tend.ing， in.tends
v.tr.（及物动词）
To have in mind; plan:意欲；计划：
We intend to go. They intend going. You intended that she go.
我们打算去，他们要去你计划让她去
To design for a specific purpose.为特殊目的而设计；
To have in mind for a particular use.为特定用途而打算
To signify or mean.意指或意味
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To have a design or purpose in mind.
怀有某种意图或目的
参考词汇：
intend,mean,design这组动词的一般含义是“意欲”或“打算”。
intend 强调“意欲”做某一件确定的事，或者“决意”达到某一确定的目的。此外这个词常用于表达“意欲”使某人从事某职业，或“打算”某物用作何种目的
Erna intends to take short rests every two hours.欧娜打算每隔两小时休息片刻。
The dictionary is intended for the beginners.这本词典是为初学者编的。
mean常常可以和intend互换使用。但不强调决心达到某一目的
He always meant to go back one day, but not to stay.他总想某一天回去，但不住下。
design 强调为达到某目的，事先作过精心安排和仔细考虑。此外，这个词还包含“预谋”、“策划”或“以阴险的手段”达到自己的目的这一意义
These peculiar forms not only seemed designed to shock people emotionally, but to give them electric shocks as well!这些奇怪的造型设计，似乎不仅用来在感情上给人们以强烈的刺激，而且给人以电休克般的刺激。
Did you design this, or did it just happen itself?这件事是你有意图安排的还是它自行发生的?
Synomyms
Aim, contemplate, have in mind, mean, plan, propose
9. advantageous
adj.（形容词）
Affording advantage; beneficial.See Synonyms at beneficial
有利的：提供优势的；有益的参见 beneficial
衍生词汇
Antonym: disadvantageous
Conjugate: advantage n.
优势, 有利条件, 利益
v.tr.（及物动词）
ad.van.taged， ad.van.tag.ing， ad.van.tag.es
To afford profit or gain to; benefit.
有利于：为…提供好处或利益；使获利
惯用法：
take advantage of
To put to good use; avail oneself of:利用：很好地使用；利用：
take advantage of all educational opportunities.利用一切教育机会
To profit selfishly by; exploit:占…的便宜：自私地获利；剥削：
took advantage of the customer.欺骗消费者
to advantage
To good effect; favorably:有利：产生良好效果；有利于：
The roses were displayed to advantage in a blue vase.玫瑰插在蓝色的花瓶中，产生了良好的效果。
10. billboard
n.（名词）
A panel for the display of advertisements in public places, such as alongside highways or on the sides of buildings.广告牌：公共场所用来张贴广告的平板，如沿公路两旁或在建筑物一侧
The advertisement or message posted on such a panel.广告：贴在上述平板上的广告或消息
An introductory list of highlights from the program or text that follows, as in a broadcast or magazine.插播：节目或文章之前的一段介绍性目录的要点，如在广播或杂志中
v.tr.（及物动词）
bill.board.ed， bill.board.ing， bill.boards
To advertise or proclaim on or as if on a billboard:宣传：在广告板或类似的板上做广告或宣布：
billboarded as the workers' candidate.做为工人候选人的宣传
11.distinguish
v.（动词）dis.tin.guished， dis.tin.guish.ing， dis.tin.guish.es
v.tr.（及物动词）To perceive as being different or distinct.
区分，辨别，分清：感觉到不同的或有区别的
To perceive distinctly; discern:辨别出，识别：
distinguished the masts of ships on the horizon.在地平线上发现许多船的桅杆
To make noticeable or different; set apart.引人注目，有别于；引起注意
To cause (oneself) to be eminent or recognized:使杰出，使著名：
They have distinguished themselves as dedicated social workers.
他们作为全心全意的社会工作者而出人头地
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To perceive or indicate differences; discriminate:区分，辨别，分清：
distinguish between right and wrong.辨别是非
衍生词汇：distinguishable, distinguishably
近义词：define, detect, dignify, honor, see
12. slice
n.薄片, 切片, 一份, 部分, 片段
A thin, broad piece cut from a larger amount.
薄片：从一大块东西上切下来的薄而宽的一片
A portion or share:一部分，一份：
a slice of the profits.一份利润
A knife with a broad, thin, flexible blade, used for cutting and serving food.
餐刀：刀锋宽而薄，可折叠的刀，用于切食物和进食
A similar implement for spreading printing ink.
油墨铲：一种用于涂抹印刷用油墨的类似的工具
v.切(片)
sliced， slic.ing， slic.es
v.tr.（及物动词）
To cut or divide into slices:切成薄片：切或分成薄片：
slice a loaf of bread.把一条面包切成薄片
To cut from a larger piece:切下：从一大块东西上切下：
slice off a piece of salami.切下一薄片意大利腊肠
To cut through or across with or as if with a knife:
用刀切开：用刀或象用刀一样横切开或竖切开：
The harvester sliced the field.收割者把田野里的庄稼收割干净
To divide into portions or shares; parcel out.划分：分成部分或份额；把…划成部分然后分配
To spread, work at, or clear away with a bladed tool such as a slice bar.
用铲：用铲头钎等有刃的工具涂抹、工作或清除
Sports To hit (a ball) with a slice.【体育运动】 斜打（一个球）
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To move like a knife:切开：象一把刀一样运动：
The destroyer sliced through the water.驱逐舰划开了水面
Sports To hit a ball with a slice.【体育运动】 斜打一个球
衍生词汇： sliceable, adj.可切成(薄)片的,可分割的 slicer n.切薄片的机器, [矿]刨煤机
Synonyms：carve, cut, sever, slash, slit, split
顶