加载中…| 分类： 园丁四季之歌 |
[文章来源：北外网院学生论坛 作者：hostII ]
VOB 语法精讲：第一次讲座 动词时态的播出时间为3月21日晚：20：00－21：30。请大家注意收听。
同时，宋云峰老师在节目开始前为大家出了一些相关的语法题，有时间的同学可以提前做好，在节目当天宋老师将进行答疑。
英语动词的时态（Tenses of Verbs）
一、概说(Introduction)
英语的时态是一种动词形式。不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方面。从时间上看，英语的时态有现在、过去、将来、过去将来之分。从方面上看，英语时态又有“一般”、“进行”、“完成”、“完成进行”之分。动词的动作可以发生在四种不同的时间，表现在四种不同的方面。每一种“时间—方面”就构成一种时态。所以英语动词共有十六种时态。但常用的只有十二种。过去将来时（4种）比较少用。现以动词work为例列表如下：
方面/时间 现在 过去 将来 过去将来
一般 I work I worked I shall work I should work
进行 I am working I was working I shall be working I should be working
完成 I have worked I had worked I shall have worked I should have worked
完成进行 I have been working I had been working I shall have been working I should have been working
二、常用时态详细图解
一般时态(The Simple Tenses)
时态 例句 意义
一般现在 1. It snows in Alaska.2. I watch television every day. 通常，一般现在时表示总是（always）、通常(usually)、习惯性(habitually)存在的事件或情况；它们现在存在、过去存在、将来也可能存在。
一般过去 3. It snowed yesterday.4. I watched television last night. 表示事件在过去某个特定时间发生。它开始于过去并结束于过去。
一般将来 5. It will snow tomorrow. 6. I will watch television tonight. 表示事件将发生在将来的某个特定时间。
进行时态(The Progressive Tenses)
形式：be + -ing（现在分词）
意义：进行时态表示在一段特定的时间里，一个动作正在进行。
现在进行时 1. He is sleeping right now. 他今晚10点钟睡的觉。现在是11点，他仍在睡觉。他睡觉这个行动开始于过去，现在正在进行，而且可能会继续下去。
过去进行时 2. He was sleeping when I arrived. 他昨晚10点钟睡的觉。我去的时候是11点，他仍在睡觉。他睡觉这一行动开始于过去，在过去某一特定时间正在进行，而且可能会继续。
将来进行时 3. He will be sleeping when we arrive. 他将在明晚10点钟酢Ｎ颐墙?1点钟到他那儿。他睡觉这一动作将在我们到达之前开始，在将来某个特定时间正在进行，而且可能会继续下去。
完成时态（The Perfect Tenses）
形式：Have + 过去分词
意义：完成时态表示一件事发生在另一个事件或时间之前。
现在完成时 1. I have already eaten. 在现在之前的某个时间，我完成了吃饭这个动作。确切时间并不重要。
过去完成时 2. I had already eaten when they arrived. 首先我吃了饭。后来他们到了。我吃饭在过去某个时间之前就全部完成了。
将来完成时 3. I will already have eaten when they arrive. 首先我将吃饭。然后他们将会到达。我吃饭这一动作将会在未来某个时间之前完成。
完成进行时态（The Perfect Progressive Tenses）
形式：Have + been + -ing
意义：完成进行时态表示一个事件在某个时间或事件之前一直在进行。这些时态用于表达前一个动作或时间的持续性。
现在完成进行时 1. I have been studying for two hours. 正在进行的事件：学习。在什麽时间？在此之前，直到现在。多长时间？两个小时。
过去完成进行时 2. I had been studying for two hours before my friend came. 正在进行的事件：学习。什麽时间？在过去另一个事件之前。多长时间？两个小时。
将来完成进行时 3. I will have been studying for two hours by the time you arrive. 正在进行的事件：学习。什麽时间？在将来另一事件之前。多长时间？两个小时。
常用12种动词时态简表（Summary Chart of Verb Tenses）
一般现在时The world is round.I study every day. 现在进行时I am studying right now. 现在完成时I have already studies Chapter one. 现在完成进行时I have been studying for two hours.
一般过去时I studies last night. 过去进行时I was studying when they came. 过去完成时I had already studied Chapter One before I began to study Chapter Two. 过去完成进行时I had been studying for two hours before my friends came.
一般将来时I will study tomorrow. 将来进行时I will be studying when you come. 将来完成时I will already have studied Chapter Four before I study Chapter Five. 将来完成进行时I will have been studying for two hours by the time you arrive.
三、主要难点
无进行时态的动词（Non-progressive Verbs）
某些动词没有进行时态：它们不能用于任何形式的进行时态。这些动词描述状态；它们不描述进行中的活动。例如：Ali knows this grammar. 描述的是存在着的一种心智状态。
1. 心智状态：know, realize, understand, recognize, believe, feel, suppose, think, imagine, doubt, remember, forget, want, need, prefer, mean
2 感情状态：love, like, appreciate, hate, dislike, fear, envy, mind, care
3 归属关系：possess, have, own, belong
4 五官感觉：taste, smell, hear, feel, see
5 其他状态：seem, look, appear, cost, owe, weigh, be, exist, consists of, contain, include
注意：其中的一些动词也常用于进行时态，但意思是不一样的，如下例所示：
非进行时态（存在的状态） 进行时态（正在进行的活动）
Think I think he is a kind man. I am thinking about this grammar.
Have He has a car. I am having trouble. She is having a good time.
Taste This food tastes good. The chef is tasting the sauce.
Smell These flowers smell good. Don is smelling the roses.
See I see a butterfly. Do you see it? The doctor is seeing a patient.
Feel The cat’s fur feels soft. Sue is feeling the cat’s fur.
Look She looks cold. I’ll lend her my coat. I am looking out of the window.
Appear He appears to be asleep. The actor is appearing on the stage.
Weigh A piano is heavy. It weighs a lot. The grocer is weighing the bananas.
be I am hungry. Tom is being foolish. (见下注)
注1：Bob is foolish. = Foolishness is one of Bob’s usual characteristics. 愚蠢是的特征之一）
注2：Tom is being foolish. = Right now, at the moment of speaking, Tom is doing something that the speaker considers foolish.（现在，正在做一件说话人认为是愚蠢的事）
注3：动词be (+形容词)用于进行时态时描述一个暂时的特征。与be一起用于进行时态的形容词极少，常用的有：foolish, nice, kind, lazy, careful, patient, silly, rude, polite, impolite。
现在进行时与Always连用 (Using the Present Progressive with Always)
1. Mary always leaves for school at 7:45. 在指出现在某个时间的句子中，always与连用的一般现在进行时用于描述习惯性的或日常的活动。
2. Mary is always leaving her dirty socks on the floor for me to pick up! Who does she think I am? Her maid?3. I am always/forever/constantly picking up Mary’s dirty socks! 在特殊情况下，讲话人可以将always与现在进行时连用来抱怨，即表达恼火或生气。除always之外，forever与constantly也用于现在进行时表达恼火。
进行时态中地点状语的用法(Using Expressions of Place with Progressive Tenses)
1. Kay is studying in her room.2. Kay is in her room studying.3. Jack was in bed reading a book when I came. 在进行时态中，地点状语有时可以放在助动词be与-ing动词之间。
Will 与Be Going To (Will vs. Be Going To)的用法
表示预测时，Will或Be Going To都可以使用：
1. According to the weather report, it will be cloudy tomorrow. 2. According to the weather report, it is going to be cloudy tomorrow. 3. Be careful! You’ll hurt yourself!4. Watch out! You’re going to hurt yourself!
表达一种事先计划或打算时, 只能用Be Going To：
5. A: Why did you buy this paint?B: I’m going to paint my bedroom tomorrow. 6. I talked to Bob yesterday. He is tired of taking the bus to work. He’s going to buy a car. That’s what he told me.
表达意愿时，只能用Will：
6. A: The phone’s ringing.B: I’ll get it.7. A: I don’t understand this problem.B: Ask your teacher about it. She’ll help you.
时间状语从句中将来时态的表达(Expressing the Future in Time Clauses)
1. Bob will come soon. When Bob comes, we will see him. 2. Linda is going to leave soon. Before she leaves, she is going to finish her work. 3. I will get home at 5:30. After I get home, I will eat dinner. 4. The taxi will arrive soon. As soon as it arrives, we’ll be able to leave for the airport. 5. They are going to come soon. I’ll wait here until they come. 在例1中, When Bob comes是一个时间状语从句。Will或be going to不能用于时间状语从句。虽然时间状语从句指将来，但用的却是一般现在时。一个时间状语从句由when, before, after, as soon as, until这样的词引导并包含一个主语和一个谓语动词。时间状语从句可以置于句首，也可以置于句末，例如：When he comes, we’ll see him.We’ll see him when he comes.
6. I will go to bed after I finish my work.7. I will go to bed after I have finished my work. 偶尔，现在完成时也可以用于时间状语从句。例6与例7的意思相同。现在完成时用来强调时间状语从句中的动作在主句将来的动作之前已经完成。
现在进行时和一般现在时表示将来(Using the Present Progressive and the Simple Present to Express Future Time)
1. My wife has an appointment with a doctor. She is seeing Dr. North next Tuesday.2. Sam has already made his plans. He is leaving at noon tomorrow. 3. A: What are you going to do this afternoon?B: After lunch I am meeting a friend of mine. We are going shopping. Would you like to come along? 当一个句子的意思涉及一个计划好的事件或者明确的意图时，用现在进行时可以表示将来的时间。现在进行时的将来意义或者通过时间副词或者通过上下文暗示出来。（比较：像rain这样的动词在现在进行时中就不表示将来时间，因为下雨不是一个事先计划好的事件。）
4. The museum opens at ten tomorrow morning.5. Classes begin next week. 6. John’s plane arrives at 6:05 P.M. next Monday. 当句子涉及一些列入确定议事日程或时间表的时间时，一般现在时也能用来表达将来的时间。这些句子通常含有表示将来时间的副词。可以这样用的动词有Open, close, begin, end, start, finish, arrive, leave, come, return。
四、练习
一、概说(Introduction)
英语的时态是一种动词形式。不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方面。从时间上看，英语的时态有现在、过去、将来、过去将来之分。从方面上看，英语时态又有“一般”、“进行”、“完成”、“完成进行”之分。动词的动作可以发生在四种不同的时间，表现在四种不同的方面。每一种“时间—方面”就构成一种时态。所以英语动词共有十六种时态。但常用的只有十二种。过去将来时（4种）比较少用。现以动词work为例列表如下：
方面/时间 现在 过去 将来 过去将来
一般 I work I worked I shall work I should work
进行 I am working I was working I shall be working I should be working
完成 I have worked I had worked I shall have worked I should have worked
完成进行 I have been working I had been working I shall have been working I should have been working
二、常用时态详细图解
一般时态(The Simple Tenses)
时态 例句 意义
一般现在 1. It snows in Alaska.2. I watch television every day. 通常，一般现在时表示总是（always）、通常(usually)、习惯性(habitually)存在的事件或情况；它们现在存在、过去存在、将来也可能存在。
一般过去 3. It snowed yesterday.4. I watched television last night. 表示事件在过去某个特定时间发生。它开始于过去并结束于过去。
一般将来 5. It will snow tomorrow. 6. I will watch television tonight. 表示事件将发生在将来的某个特定时间。
进行时态(The Progressive Tenses)
形式：be + -ing（现在分词）
意义：进行时态表示在一段特定的时间里，一个动作正在进行。
现在进行时 1. He is sleeping right now. 他今晚10点钟睡的觉。现在是11点，他仍在睡觉。他睡觉这个行动开始于过去，现在正在进行，而且可能会继续下去。
过去进行时 2. He was sleeping when I arrived. 他昨晚10点钟睡的觉。我去的时候是11点，他仍在睡觉。他睡觉这一行动开始于过去，在过去某一特定时间正在进行，而且可能会继续。
将来进行时 3. He will be sleeping when we arrive. 他将在明晚10点钟酢Ｎ颐墙?1点钟到他那儿。他睡觉这一动作将在我们到达之前开始，在将来某个特定时间正在进行，而且可能会继续下去。
完成时态（The Perfect Tenses）
形式：Have + 过去分词
意义：完成时态表示一件事发生在另一个事件或时间之前。
现在完成时 1. I have already eaten. 在现在之前的某个时间，我完成了吃饭这个动作。确切时间并不重要。
过去完成时 2. I had already eaten when they arrived. 首先我吃了饭。后来他们到了。我吃饭在过去某个时间之前就全部完成了。
将来完成时 3. I will already have eaten when they arrive. 首先我将吃饭。然后他们将会到达。我吃饭这一动作将会在未来某个时间之前完成。
完成进行时态（The Perfect Progressive Tenses）
形式：Have + been + -ing
意义：完成进行时态表示一个事件在某个时间或事件之前一直在进行。这些时态用于表达前一个动作或时间的持续性。
现在完成进行时 1. I have been studying for two hours. 正在进行的事件：学习。在什麽时间？在此之前，直到现在。多长时间？两个小时。
过去完成进行时 2. I had been studying for two hours before my friend came. 正在进行的事件：学习。什麽时间？在过去另一个事件之前。多长时间？两个小时。
将来完成进行时 3. I will have been studying for two hours by the time you arrive. 正在进行的事件：学习。什麽时间？在将来另一事件之前。多长时间？两个小时。
常用12种动词时态简表（Summary Chart of Verb Tenses）
一般现在时The world is round.I study every day. 现在进行时I am studying right now. 现在完成时I have already studies Chapter one. 现在完成进行时I have been studying for two hours.
一般过去时I studies last night. 过去进行时I was studying when they came. 过去完成时I had already studied Chapter One before I began to study Chapter Two. 过去完成进行时I had been studying for two hours before my friends came.
一般将来时I will study tomorrow. 将来进行时I will be studying when you come. 将来完成时I will already have studied Chapter Four before I study Chapter Five. 将来完成进行时I will have been studying for two hours by the time you arrive.
三、主要难点
无进行时态的动词（Non-progressive Verbs）
某些动词没有进行时态：它们不能用于任何形式的进行时态。这些动词描述状态；它们不描述进行中的活动。例如：Ali knows this grammar. 描述的是存在着的一种心智状态。
1. 心智状态：know, realize, understand, recognize, believe, feel, suppose, think, imagine, doubt, remember, forget, want, need, prefer, mean
2 感情状态：love, like, appreciate, hate, dislike, fear, envy, mind, care
3 归属关系：possess, have, own, belong
4 五官感觉：taste, smell, hear, feel, see
5 其他状态：seem, look, appear, cost, owe, weigh, be, exist, consists of, contain, include
注意：其中的一些动词也常用于进行时态，但意思是不一样的，如下例所示：
非进行时态（存在的状态） 进行时态（正在进行的活动）
Think I think he is a kind man. I am thinking about this grammar.
Have He has a car. I am having trouble. She is having a good time.
Taste This food tastes good. The chef is tasting the sauce.
Smell These flowers smell good. Don is smelling the roses.
See I see a butterfly. Do you see it? The doctor is seeing a patient.
Feel The cat’s fur feels soft. Sue is feeling the cat’s fur.
Look She looks cold. I’ll lend her my coat. I am looking out of the window.
Appear He appears to be asleep. The actor is appearing on the stage.
Weigh A piano is heavy. It weighs a lot. The grocer is weighing the bananas.
be I am hungry. Tom is being foolish. (见下注)
注1：Bob is foolish. = Foolishness is one of Bob’s usual characteristics. 愚蠢是的特征之一）
注2：Tom is being foolish. = Right now, at the moment of speaking, Tom is doing something that the speaker considers foolish.（现在，正在做一件说话人认为是愚蠢的事）
注3：动词be (+形容词)用于进行时态时描述一个暂时的特征。与be一起用于进行时态的形容词极少，常用的有：foolish, nice, kind, lazy, careful, patient, silly, rude, polite, impolite。
现在进行时与Always连用 (Using the Present Progressive with Always)
1. Mary always leaves for school at 7:45. 在指出现在某个时间的句子中，always与连用的一般现在进行时用于描述习惯性的或日常的活动。
2. Mary is always leaving her dirty socks on the floor for me to pick up! Who does she think I am? Her maid?3. I am always/forever/constantly picking up Mary’s dirty socks! 在特殊情况下，讲话人可以将always与现在进行时连用来抱怨，即表达恼火或生气。除always之外，forever与constantly也用于现在进行时表达恼火。
进行时态中地点状语的用法(Using Expressions of Place with Progressive Tenses)
1. Kay is studying in her room.2. Kay is in her room studying.3. Jack was in bed reading a book when I came. 在进行时态中，地点状语有时可以放在助动词be与-ing动词之间。
Will 与Be Going To (Will vs. Be Going To)的用法
表示预测时，Will或Be Going To都可以使用：
1. According to the weather report, it will be cloudy tomorrow. 2. According to the weather report, it is going to be cloudy tomorrow. 3. Be careful! You’ll hurt yourself!4. Watch out! You’re going to hurt yourself!
表达一种事先计划或打算时, 只能用Be Going To：
5. A: Why did you buy this paint?B: I’m going to paint my bedroom tomorrow. 6. I talked to Bob yesterday. He is tired of taking the bus to work. He’s going to buy a car. That’s what he told me.
表达意愿时，只能用Will：
6. A: The phone’s ringing.B: I’ll get it.7. A: I don’t understand this problem.B: Ask your teacher about it. She’ll help you.
时间状语从句中将来时态的表达(Expressing the Future in Time Clauses)
1. Bob will come soon. When Bob comes, we will see him. 2. Linda is going to leave soon. Before she leaves, she is going to finish her work. 3. I will get home at 5:30. After I get home, I will eat dinner. 4. The taxi will arrive soon. As soon as it arrives, we’ll be able to leave for the airport. 5. They are going to come soon. I’ll wait here until they come. 在例1中, When Bob comes是一个时间状语从句。Will或be going to不能用于时间状语从句。虽然时间状语从句指将来，但用的却是一般现在时。一个时间状语从句由when, before, after, as soon as, until这样的词引导并包含一个主语和一个谓语动词。时间状语从句可以置于句首，也可以置于句末，例如：When he comes, we’ll see him.We’ll see him when he comes.
6. I will go to bed after I finish my work.7. I will go to bed after I have finished my work. 偶尔，现在完成时也可以用于时间状语从句。例6与例7的意思相同。现在完成时用来强调时间状语从句中的动作在主句将来的动作之前已经完成。
现在进行时和一般现在时表示将来(Using the Present Progressive and the Simple Present to Express Future Time)
1. My wife has an appointment with a doctor. She is seeing Dr. North next Tuesday.2. Sam has already made his plans. He is leaving at noon tomorrow. 3. A: What are you going to do this afternoon?B: After lunch I am meeting a friend of mine. We are going shopping. Would you like to come along? 当一个句子的意思涉及一个计划好的事件或者明确的意图时，用现在进行时可以表示将来的时间。现在进行时的将来意义或者通过时间副词或者通过上下文暗示出来。（比较：像rain这样的动词在现在进行时中就不表示将来时间，因为下雨不是一个事先计划好的事件。）
4. The museum opens at ten tomorrow morning.5. Classes begin next week. 6. John’s plane arrives at 6:05 P.M. next Monday. 当句子涉及一些列入确定议事日程或时间表的时间时，一般现在时也能用来表达将来的时间。这些句子通常含有表示将来时间的副词。可以这样用的动词有Open, close, begin, end, start, finish, arrive, leave, come, return。
四、练习
A. Correct the
mistakes in the following sentences:
Example: I visit my uncle home many time when I was a child. → I visited my uncle’s home many times when I was a child.
1. I am living at 3371 grand avenue since last September.
2. I have been in New York city two week ago.
3. My country have change its capital city five time.
4. Dormitory life is not quiet. Everyone shouted and make a lot of noise in the halls.
5. My friends will meet me when I will arrive at the airport.
6. Hasn’t anyone ever tell you to knock on the door before you enter someone else’s room? Didn’t your parents taught you to do that?
7. When I was a child, I viewed thing from a much lower height. Many physical objects around me appear very large. When I want to move something such as a chair, I need help.
8. I will intend to go back home when I will finish my education.
9. The phone rung while I doing the dishes. I dry my hands and answer it. When I am hear my husband voice, I very happy.
10. I am in the United States for the last four months. During this time, I had done many thing and saw many place.
11. When the old man started to walk back to his cave, the sun has already hided itself behind the mountain.
12. While I am writing my composition last night, someone knocks on the door.
B. Fill the following sentences with appropriate tenses of verbs in the blankets:
1. My grandfather (fly, never) __________ in an airplane, and he has no intention of ever doing so.
2. Jane isn’t here yet. I (wait) __________ for her since noon, but she still (arrive, not) __________.
3. In all the world, there (be) __________ only 14 mountains that (reach) __________ above 8,000 meters.
4. I have a long trip ahead of me tomorrow, so I think I’d better go to bed. But let me say good-bye now because I wont’ see you in the morning. I (leave, already)__________ by the time you (get) __________ up.
5. Right now we (have) __________ a heat wave. The temperature (be) __________ in the upper 30s for the last six days.
6. Last night I (go) __________ to a party. When I (get) __________ there, the room was full of people. Some of them (dance) __________ and others (talk) __________. One young woman (stand) __________ by herself. I (meet, never) __________ her, so I (introduce) __________ myself to her.
7. About three yesterday afternoon, Jessica (lie)__________ in bed reading a book. Suddenly she (hear) __________ loud noise and (get)__________ up to see what it was. She (look) __________ out the window. A truck (back, just) __________ into her new car!
8. Next month I have a week’s vacation. I (plan) __________ to take a trip. First, I (go)__________ to Madison, Wisconsin, to visit my brother. After I (leave)__________ Madison, I (go)__________ to Chicago to see a friend who (study) __________ at a university there. She (live) __________ in Chicago for three years, so she (know) __________ her way around the city. She (promise)__________ to take me to many interesting places. I (be, never) __________ in Chicago, so I (look) __________ forward to going there.
9. Yesterday while I (sit)__________ in class, I (get) __________ the hiccups. The person who (sit)__________ next to me told me to hold my breath. I (try)__________ that, but it didn’t work. The instructor (lecture)__________, and I didn’t want to interrupt him, so I just sat there trying to hiccup quietly. Finally, after I (hiccup) __________ for almost five minutes, I (raise) __________ hand and (excuse) __________ myself from the class to go get a drink of water.
10. The weather has been terrible lately. It (rain)__________ off and on for two days, and the temperature (drop)__________ at least twenty degrees. It (be)__________ in the low 10s right now. Just three days ago, the sun (shine)__________ and the weather was pleasant. The weather certainly (change) __________ quickly here. I never know what to expect. Who knows? When I (wake)__________ up tomorrow morning, maybe it (snow)__________.
C. Finish the following passages with appropriate tenses of the verbs:
I (receive)__________ your letter about two weeks ago and (try)_________ to find time to write your back ever since. I (be) __________ very busy lately. In the past two weeks, I (have) __________ four tests, and I have another test next week. In addition, a friend (stay) __________ with me since last Thursday. She wanted to see the city, so we (spend) __________ a lot of time visiting some of the interesting places here. We (be) __________ to the zoo, the art museum, and the botanical gardens. Yesterday we (go) __________ to the park and (watch)__________ a balloon race. Between showing her the city and studying for my exams, I (have, barely) __________ enough time to breathe.
Right now it (be) __________ 3 A.M. and I (sit) __________ at my desk. I (sit) __________ here five hours doing my studying. My friends’ plane (leave) __________ at 6:05, so I (decide) __________ not to go to bed. That’s why I (write) ___________ to you at such an early hour in the day. I (get) __________ a little sleepy, but I would rather stay up. I (take) __________ a nap after I (get) __________ back from taking her to the airport.
How (get, you) __________ along? How (go, your classes) __________? Please write soon.
Example: I visit my uncle home many time when I was a child. → I visited my uncle’s home many times when I was a child.
1. I am living at 3371 grand avenue since last September.
2. I have been in New York city two week ago.
3. My country have change its capital city five time.
4. Dormitory life is not quiet. Everyone shouted and make a lot of noise in the halls.
5. My friends will meet me when I will arrive at the airport.
6. Hasn’t anyone ever tell you to knock on the door before you enter someone else’s room? Didn’t your parents taught you to do that?
7. When I was a child, I viewed thing from a much lower height. Many physical objects around me appear very large. When I want to move something such as a chair, I need help.
8. I will intend to go back home when I will finish my education.
9. The phone rung while I doing the dishes. I dry my hands and answer it. When I am hear my husband voice, I very happy.
10. I am in the United States for the last four months. During this time, I had done many thing and saw many place.
11. When the old man started to walk back to his cave, the sun has already hided itself behind the mountain.
12. While I am writing my composition last night, someone knocks on the door.
B. Fill the following sentences with appropriate tenses of verbs in the blankets:
1. My grandfather (fly, never) __________ in an airplane, and he has no intention of ever doing so.
2. Jane isn’t here yet. I (wait) __________ for her since noon, but she still (arrive, not) __________.
3. In all the world, there (be) __________ only 14 mountains that (reach) __________ above 8,000 meters.
4. I have a long trip ahead of me tomorrow, so I think I’d better go to bed. But let me say good-bye now because I wont’ see you in the morning. I (leave, already)__________ by the time you (get) __________ up.
5. Right now we (have) __________ a heat wave. The temperature (be) __________ in the upper 30s for the last six days.
6. Last night I (go) __________ to a party. When I (get) __________ there, the room was full of people. Some of them (dance) __________ and others (talk) __________. One young woman (stand) __________ by herself. I (meet, never) __________ her, so I (introduce) __________ myself to her.
7. About three yesterday afternoon, Jessica (lie)__________ in bed reading a book. Suddenly she (hear) __________ loud noise and (get)__________ up to see what it was. She (look) __________ out the window. A truck (back, just) __________ into her new car!
8. Next month I have a week’s vacation. I (plan) __________ to take a trip. First, I (go)__________ to Madison, Wisconsin, to visit my brother. After I (leave)__________ Madison, I (go)__________ to Chicago to see a friend who (study) __________ at a university there. She (live) __________ in Chicago for three years, so she (know) __________ her way around the city. She (promise)__________ to take me to many interesting places. I (be, never) __________ in Chicago, so I (look) __________ forward to going there.
9. Yesterday while I (sit)__________ in class, I (get) __________ the hiccups. The person who (sit)__________ next to me told me to hold my breath. I (try)__________ that, but it didn’t work. The instructor (lecture)__________, and I didn’t want to interrupt him, so I just sat there trying to hiccup quietly. Finally, after I (hiccup) __________ for almost five minutes, I (raise) __________ hand and (excuse) __________ myself from the class to go get a drink of water.
10. The weather has been terrible lately. It (rain)__________ off and on for two days, and the temperature (drop)__________ at least twenty degrees. It (be)__________ in the low 10s right now. Just three days ago, the sun (shine)__________ and the weather was pleasant. The weather certainly (change) __________ quickly here. I never know what to expect. Who knows? When I (wake)__________ up tomorrow morning, maybe it (snow)__________.
C. Finish the following passages with appropriate tenses of the verbs:
I (receive)__________ your letter about two weeks ago and (try)_________ to find time to write your back ever since. I (be) __________ very busy lately. In the past two weeks, I (have) __________ four tests, and I have another test next week. In addition, a friend (stay) __________ with me since last Thursday. She wanted to see the city, so we (spend) __________ a lot of time visiting some of the interesting places here. We (be) __________ to the zoo, the art museum, and the botanical gardens. Yesterday we (go) __________ to the park and (watch)__________ a balloon race. Between showing her the city and studying for my exams, I (have, barely) __________ enough time to breathe.
Right now it (be) __________ 3 A.M. and I (sit) __________ at my desk. I (sit) __________ here five hours doing my studying. My friends’ plane (leave) __________ at 6:05, so I (decide) __________ not to go to bed. That’s why I (write) ___________ to you at such an early hour in the day. I (get) __________ a little sleepy, but I would rather stay up. I (take) __________ a nap after I (get) __________ back from taking her to the airport.
How (get, you) __________ along? How (go, your classes) __________? Please write soon.
顶