张晓东

Lesson 48  The silent village 沉默的村庄

 

New words and expression 生词和短语v
Inaccessible   adj  难以接受的，达不到的
=entrance,approach
inaccessible  adj难以接受的，达不到的
词根 access (n) 通道，通路程，通向……的道路程，进入某地的道路
entrance  入口;
accessible (adj) :easy  to get to/ easy to understand
Heavy snow made the village inaccessible to traffic.
大雪使车辆无法进入这个小山村
使某事成为可能  make it impossible to do
approach  接近   approachable 能接近
unapproachable  不能接近，无可匹敌的，不能与之相比的
The city is accessible
只有老师才有机会和那们校长接触
Only teacher have  access to the headmaster.
hospitable    adj  好客的
同=  amiable , cordially , faithful , friendly , neighborly ,receptive
Hospitable  adj好客的，强调热情好客/amiable  adj  亲切的
Cordially,  adj热诚的/faithful    adj忠诚的/Friendly   adj 友好的
Neighborly  adj 和睦的/Receptive   adj 关于接受的，接纳的，强调一个人比较容易接纳一些想法和见解
反= hostile
Be hostile to 对……有敌意

Hostile----hospitable  不友好的，有敌意的
同= hostile ,  unfriendly , untagonistic ,  effensive, aggressive
Hostile  adj不友好的，有敌意的 / Unfriendly---不友好的
Untagonistic  对抗性的，敌对的
effensive     进攻性的
I  took  no notice  of  his offensive remarks.
我没有理会他的进攻性的语言。
Aggressive  挑衅的
hostile adj  不友好的，有敌意的

vicinity      n   周围，近邻
同=  about
In  the   vicinity  在附近 / Vicinity = about  大约
In  the  vicinity  of 大概/附近的居民  inhabitant of  the  vicinity
architectural   adj 建筑的/fresco  n 壁画/abruptly  adv 实然地，意外地|
tramp   v徒步前进/moor  v 用（绳，链，锚）系船上/ferry  v 用渡船运
straggle  v蔓延，散乱分布

dilapidated     adj  破旧的，倒塌的
同=  battered , broken-down , run down
dilapiadated   a  陈旧的，倒塌的
This  is  a  dilapiadated  old  house.
Dilapidate  v  使倒塌，使破损/Dilapidation  (n)倒塌/Batter  v  撞坏，撞击
Battered  adj  撞击的
Broken-down
This  is  broke-down  lawn mower!
Run down 渐渐变糟，恶化/Run-down 渐渐变恶化的

sardine  n  沙丁鱼，沙丁鱼罐头/rag  adj 破旧衣服/motionless  adj  不动的
procession   n 行列，成队的人群 / shawl  n围巾，披巾
peer   v 凝视，盯着/quicken  v 加快

Text 课文
In  this much-travelled world, these are still thousands of places which are inaccessible  to tourists.
Be accessible  /inaccessible  to do容易（难以）接近的

.But  people who are cut off not only from foreign tourists ,but  even from their own countrymen can be hostile to travellers.s8r4
Not  only  form  ……but  form 强调介词，重复解释
cut  off  from :separate  from  /isolate  from  从……分离,与相隔绝，老死不相往来
people who are cut off not only from foreign tourists ,but  even from their own countrymen定语从句修饰peple不与本国同胞相往来的人，也不与外国同胞相接解的人
cut  off  from   断绝往来
他出国之后和所有朋友断绝往来
He  is  cut  off  from  all his friends  after  he  went  abroad.
被社会抛弃与世隔绝4
Such  people  who are  hostile  to  travelers  are  ones  who  are  cut  off  from the society.

Visits to really  remote villages are seldom enjoyable–as my  wife  and  I  discovered  during  a  tour  through the  Balkans.!
到真正遥远的山村参观很少给你带来乐趣的，As引导非限定性定语从句用破折号隔开。33课提及。

第一自然很重要，最好全文背下来。比如In  this much-travelled world；We always  assume that  ……；who are cut off not only from……but  even from。通过这一段我们了解到为什么偏僻山村的人对人怀有敌意。是因为他们本身已经脱离了这个社会。

These  attracted  many  visitors  ,for  they  were not only  of   great  architectural  interest  , but contained  a  large  number  of beautifully preserved frescoes as well, On the  day before  our  departure several bus  loads of tourists descended  on the town ."
Of  great  interest  有意识的
Beautifully –preserved  被保存得很漂亮
On  the  day  before  our  departure
在我们离开的前一天
several  bus loads of tourists
好几辆坐满乘客的大巴

Taking  a path which led out of the town ,we crossed a few fields until we came to a dense woodeNT4^R
came  to  a dense  wood出城影  /  trace  its way继续向前延伸，trace跟踪他的路线，穿过树林，继续向前延伸
make  one’s  way out of  挤出出 / fight one’s way  拼出一条路来，杀出一条路F
feel one’s way   摸出一条路来 /  wind  one’s  way 蜿蜓曲折
the river wind its way to the sea
这条小何蜿蜓曲折的流向大海

We tramped through the wood for over two hours until we arrived a deep stream. We could see that the path continued  on  the other side. but we had no idea how we could get across the stream.
表示这条路程继续向前延伸用continued，相当于trace its way; on the无伦次other side指小溪的另一岸
but  we  had  no  idea  how  we  could  get  across  the stream 。we had no idea 可以改成we didn’t know  how we  could  get  across  the stream, how we  could  get  across  the stream是作同位语说明no idea 的内涵，如果改成we didn’t know 是how引导的宾语从句.，无论改成那种语气，后面的语句必须是陈述句，how we could.

Suddenly my wife  spotted a boat moored to the bank. In it there was  a boatman fast asleepy

a boat  moored  to  the  bank 停在岸边的一艘小船,moored过去分词作定语。
a boatman fast  asleep   一个睡得很香的船夫，asleep只能作表语，如果作定语放在修饰词的后面。Fast副词修饰asleep，一个睡得很香的船夫。q
Though he was reluctant to do so at first ,we  eventually persuaded him  to  take us
Eventually替换为at  last，因为毕竟是终于成功的，不要替换成in the end.
?北京市华夏女子中学论坛 -- 北京市华夏女子中学论坛　
The  path led to a tiny village perched on the steep  sides of   a mountain. The place consisted of  a straggling unmade road  which was  lined on either side  by small houses.}
Perched,是栖息，及物动词过去分词作定语，视为定语从句必须用被动。高高座落在山坡上的一个小山村
一本题名为如何在一分钟内读1000字的书
A book entitled how to read thousands word in the minter

The place consisted of  a straggling unmade road  which was  lined on either side  by small houses.
straggling unmade用来修饰road, The place consisted of由什么组成是它的谓语动词，straggling unmade用来修饰road，这个地方是由乱七八糟的未人工修饰的路所组成，on either side用either作定词所修饰的名词必须是单数形式，作起的作用是一个复数概念。on either side = on both  sides。 On both side of road
which 指代的是road,，which was 是前面用过unmade，为避免重复用定语从句被动语态。

Even under a clear blue sky, the village looked  forbidding as all the houses were  built of grey mud bricks .the village seemed deserted
Forbidding与inaccessible 相呼应，让人望而却步。 As改成for没有问题。

The village seemed deserted, the only sign of life being an ugly-looking black goat tied to a tree on a short length of rope in a field nearby.
被废弃的，空空荡荡的。The village seemed deserted这个村里没人居住，才显得空荡荡的。the only sign of life being an ugly-looking black goat tied to a tree on a short length of rope in a field nearby.这句话没有谓语动词，不是完整的语句，没有连接词，简单句之间用逗号分开，没有连接词，逗号后面的内容是一个独立主格结构，进一步对前句作一个补充解释。iR ^
the only sign of life唯一的生命迹象，ugly-looking喻境的描述十分重要，不喜欢这个村庄就用an ugly-looking black goat,名词和现在分词搭配构成了一个独立主格结构。对前句进行补充说明。D
All at once,I noticed that my wife seemed to be filled with alarm
all  at  once =  almost  immediately  几乎就在同时

Looking up I saw that we  were surrounded by children in rags who were looking at us silently as we ate
Looking up，sitting down现在分词做短语。当我抬起头的时候，I  saw 发出的一个动作。in rags修饰children。who were looking at us引导的定语从句依旧修饰children
I concluded that they were simply shy of strangers. When we later walked down
我得出一个结论他们只是由于腼腆怕见陌生人。

The village which had seemed deserted, immediately came to life.
和上文的The village seemed deserted, the only sign of life being an ugly-looking black goat相呼应。上句用The village seemed deserted，一般过去式。这村庄似乎空无一人，本句中采用The village which had seemed deserted，采用过去玩成时，所以为了突出，就在翻译的时候表达成：似乎刚刚还空无一人的村庄，马上就活过来了。

Men in shirt sleeves stood outside their houses and glared at us. Old women in black shawls peered at us from door
看主干Men  glaredat us，恶狠狠的看着我们。children用look at，成年人憎恨心里更强，用glare  at 看，青壮年男子恶狠狠的目光，老太太的眼神很差，看用peer  at，眯着眼睛.

The most frightening thing of all was that not a sound could be heard.
平行句式Men in …old women in…对当时的情形进行描写，所有这些最让人害怕 是that引导的表语从句not a sound could be heard一点声音都听不到，这是他们不能忍受的。.有时候沉默意味敌意。

There was no doubt that we were unwelcome visitors.4
There  was  no doubt = Beyond doubt.毫无疑问
there  was  no doubt 毫无疑问=句here  is  no   doubt  that/without  any doubt

we  needed  no  further warning我们不需要别人对我们的警告!
further 加强语气。

Turning back down the main street, we quickened our pace and made our way rapidly towards the stream where we hoped the boatman was waiting
Turning back down动作由谓语发出来的。所以又沿着主路回去了，我们加快了我们的脚步，尽快赶回到made  our  way  rapidly towards  where定语修饰stream

重点复习
现在分词作状语
定语从句
过去分词作定语
looking up
taking back

动词ing一定要和主句主语保持一致。过去分词作定语A boat moored to bank