请教大家一下关于婴幼儿是否需要补钙的问题
Songbie
方舟子及各位网友:
最近新语丝讨论小儿看病的事情。我把一些我认为值得推荐的文章转发到了我们小区的论坛。结果大家反响不错,不过顺带带出了一个问题,就是婴儿是否需要补钙。我是看了《育儿百科》(一本在东方世界比较风靡的育儿书吧?我周围生小孩的都用的这本书,我对此书大致是信服的),按照它上面的推荐的时间,剂量开始补钙和鱼肝油的,而且我还真是没有听说不补的。但是今天今天真遇上了,我的一个邻居小孩快两岁了,但是他从来没有给补过,而且他还给我转了下面的一些文献,告诉我说一岁以内补钙基本无益处。这和我已有的观念冲突很大。不知道方先生和各位网友能不能给澄清一下,或者至少说大家讨论一下:理越辨越明嘛。
谢谢各位!
附我邻居给我转的文献片段:
http://whqlibdoc.who.int/paho/2004/a85622.pdf
泛美健康组织(PAHO)和世界卫生组织(WHO)的联合报告《母乳喂养儿童的辅食指导原则》
该报告分为十条主要原则,在第九条原则"维生素-矿物质补剂和营养强化产品的使用"中提到:
Use fortified complementary foods or vitamin-mineral supplements
for the infant,as needed. In some populations, breastfeeding
mothers may also need vitamin-mineral supple-ments or fortified
products, both for their own health and to ensure normal
concentrations ofcertain nutrients (particularly vitamins) in their
breast milk.
补剂是用来纠正营养不良的。
http://www.aap.org/advocacy/releases/feb06bonehealth.htm
美国儿科学会,增强骨格的指导方针,update。
该方针非常强调青少年期钙的充足摄入,不过 update 结尾的提到:
Most people can achieve the recommended calcium intake, the AAP
says, by eating three age-appropriate servings of dairy products
per day (4 servings per day for adolescents.) Low-fat dairy
products including skim milk and low-fat yogurt are preferred
sources of calcium. Calcium supplements and non-dairy foods such as
calcium-fortified juices and soy products are an alternative, but
these products do not offer the benefits of other nutrients, and
compliance may be a problem.
青少年能从正常饮食中获得充足的钙。如果正常饮食无法满足,则可以使用钙强化果汁或者豆制品,但是这些产品不能提供其它营养,而且可能会有
compliance 问题。
http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/104/5/1152
美国儿科学会营养委员会,《婴儿、儿童、青少年对钙的需求》:
The optimal primary nutritional source during the first year of
life is human milk. No available evidence shows that exceeding the
amount of calcium retained by the exclusively breastfed term infant
during the first 6 months of life or the amount retained by the
human milk-fed infant supplemented with solid foods during the
second 6 months of life is beneficial to achieving long-term
increases in bone mineralization.
给一岁以内正常哺育的婴儿补钙对骨骼矿化没有任何显见的长期益处。另外该报告还指出早产儿比足月婴儿需要更多的钙,应该在早产儿的母乳中添加矿物质或者使用早产儿专用的配方食品。
(XYS200080220)
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