课堂练习
练习一
by train（乘火车）
against the proposal（反对这个提议）
around the center（围绕这个中心）
before everything（最重要的）
off shore（离岸）
in the rain（在雨中）
toward the south（朝南）
beyond my ability（力所不及，办不到）
with a cigarette between one’s
lips（叼着一颗烟）
through the ages（这些年来）
without a handle（没有把手）
across the grass（穿过草地）
练习二
This is a birthday gift for my
mother.（这是给我母亲的生日礼物）
His name is fairly well-known to
us.（他大名鼎鼎）
She went to Tokyo during the summer
vacation.（她暑假期间去了东京）
It is our great pleasure to greet a friend from
afar.（有朋自远方来，不亦悦乎）
It is far from perfect.（差得远）
The student always pays attention to whatever the
teacher is saying.（学生总是很注意老师说的每句话）
We laughed at what he
said.（他的话遭到了我们的嘲笑）
练习三
表示位置、地点、距离
about
She wears a scarf about/round her
neck.（她脖子上戴了一条围巾）
There is a cherry tree about the
house.（这个房子附近有一颗樱桃树）
Banks were posted about the
city.（银行遍布了这个城市）
Have you got a pen about you?（你带笔了吗）
Above
The kite is far up above the
house.（风筝在房子的上面，飞得很高）
There is a village above the stone
bridge.（这个村庄在石桥的上游）
The city is three hundred miles
above.（这个城市在向北300里左右的地方）
Across
His house is just across the
street.（他住街对面）
The two roads run across each other in the
field.（田地里有两条路，这两条路相互交叉）
They built a road across the
valley.（他们在山上开了一条路）
At
We shall meet at my office (the station, the post
office, the gate, the end of the street).（在我办公室见面）
He hit the bull’s-eye at a hundred
paces.（他在百步开外射中了靶心）
Smoke came out at the
windows.（烟从窗户冒进来了）
He was present at the meeting.（他出席了会议）
Behind
The boy hides behind the
door.（这个男孩藏在门后）
He left his hat behind him in a
hurry.（匆忙之中他把帽子落下了）
Beyond
The post-office is beyond the turn of the
street.（拐过这条街你就能看见这个邮局）
By
The school is by the
river.（这个学校坐落在这条河的旁边）
Come here and sit by me.（过来靠我坐）
I have got a pencil by me, do you want
it?（我带笔了，你用吗?）
In
Yesterday I met two friends in/on the
street.（昨天，我在街上遇到了两个朋友）
Japan is in/at the east of
Asia.（日本在亚洲东部）
Of
The school is built within 200 meters of the
bank.（学校和银行相距不到200米）
Off
At noon, we took a rest under a pine tree a few paces
off the
road.（路旁几步远的地方有一颗松树，中午我们在那休息）
There is a small island ten miles off the
coast.（距岸边十里处有一个小岛）
On
Write that down on the
blackboard.（把那些内容写在黑板上）
Qingdao is a beautiful city on the coast of the
Huanghai Sea.（青岛是一个坐落在黄海之滨的美丽城市）
After ten minutes, a fish was on the
hook..（十分钟后，鱼上钩了）
Have you got any cigarettes on you?（你带烟了吗）
Over
There is a big lamp hanging over the
table.（桌子上方吊着一盏大灯）
The sun shines over the earth.（阳光普照大地）
His house is over against the
park.（他的房子正对着公园）
We have friends all over the
world.（我的朋友遍布全世界）
To
Nanjing is to the west of
Shanghai.（南京在上海的西边）
It is sixty li to Beijing from
here.（从这到北京六十里）
Up
Birds nests up the tree.（鸟在树上搭窝）
He lives up/down the street.（他住在这条街上）
Many new factories have been built up the
country.（内地建了许多工厂）
表示钟点、日期、时间、期限
about
The rain began about
midnight.（这雨是午夜时分开始下的）
Above
She is above forty years old.（她四十多岁了）
At
The train will leave at
midnight.（这趟车午夜时分发车）
Many new books will be published at an early
date.（这些新书将于近期出版）
I used to play football at his
age.（我在他这个年龄时常踢球）
At the sight of his appearance on the stage, the hall
rang with thunderous
applause.（他刚一在舞台上亮相，台下就响起了雷鸣般的掌声）
Behind
He never comes behind time.（他从不迟到）
Some of the machines are behind the
times.（一些机器过时了）
Beyond
He stayed at school beyond six
o’clock.（已经六点多了，他还在学校呆着。）
By
Please go to his office by two
o’clock.（请在两点前到他的办公室）
We work by day and sleep by
night.（我们白天工作晚上睡觉）
For
I have been studying English for five
year.（我学习英语已经有五年了）
Don’t forget the engagement for next
Monday.（不要忘了下星期一的约会）
It is getting on for/towards
midnight.（快半夜了）
From
He was fond of reading from
childhood.（他从小就喜欢读书）
In
There have been two world wars in this
century.（这个世纪发生了两次世界大战）
I shall see him several times in this
week.（我这个星期将和他见几次面）
I’ll be back in ten minutes.（我将在十分钟后会来）
She reached the station just in
time.（她准时到达了车站）
Into
We often review our lesson late into the
night.（我们常复习到深夜）
Of
I came to Shanghai within a week of his
arrival.（我到上海的时候，他刚到不到一个礼拜。）
It is eight minutes of six.（还差8分钟6点）
He has read a lot of new books of
late.（他最近读了很多新书）
Off
He is two years off fifty.（他今年48岁了）
On
We have classes on Saturdays and
Sundays.（我们星期六和星期日有课）
They started for Shanghai on the morning of
Monday.（他们星期一早上动身去上海）
Samples will be sent without cost on
request.（只要需要我们将无偿提供样品）
The performance began on my
entrance.（我刚进去表演就开始了）
You must be here on the hour to attend the
meeting.（你必须准时参加会议）
He went to Guangdong just on three years
ago.（他去广东快有三年了）
With
I always rise with the
bell.（我总是听到铃声就起床）
表示状态、形势、境遇
about
The new bomber is about the size of a transport
plane.（新型的轰炸机的大小和运输机差不多）
What are you about?（你在干什么？）
She is about to be married.（她准备结婚了）
Above
This problem is above my
comprehension.（这个问题我无法理解）
His honest character is above
praise.（他的正直性格难以尽誉）
He is above such mean
actions.（他不屑做这样的事）
After
He is a man after my heart.（他是我的心上人）
The house was built after the Chinese
style.（这所房子被建成中国式的）
Against
I am not against the proposal, though it is not
elaborate and
perfect.（尽管这项建议不那么完美，我也没有反对）
He has nothing to do with the matter, it is against
reason to blame him.（他没参与这件事，责备他是没道理的）
Red flowers look more beautiful against green
leaves.（红花还需绿叶衬）
At
You are at liberty to go or stay. / He is at a
loss what to do.（你来去自由）
What are you at? / He is at law with the
shop.（你在做什么？/
他正在和这家商店打官司。）
Before
All the proposals are laid before the
chairman.（所有的提议已经交主席审阅）
Behind
There must be something evil behind his
smile.（他笑里藏刀）
The headquarters are behind us, we are not afraid of
any difficulty.（有总部的支持，我们不怕遇到任何困难）
Beside
He is beside himself with
anger.（他气得发疯了）怒不可遏
Don’t be beside yourself with
excitement（不要太得意忘形了）
Beyond
The town changed beyond
recognition.（这座城镇变化太大，都不认得了）
The doctors did all they could but the patient was
beyond all
hope.（医生尽了一切努力，但这个病人已经没有任何生还的希望了）
From
The statement is very distant from the
truth.（这种说法离事实相去甚远）
Into
I persuaded him into submission.（我说服了他）
The company will be put into
liquidation（清算）.（这个公司将被清算）
Of
Who is the boy of ridiculous
appearance?（这个长相可笑的男孩是谁呀）
On
You had better keep silence on such occasions./ Those
new bikes will be on sale tomorrow
（在这种场合你做好保持沉默。/那些新自行车将在明天出售）
They are in Shanghai on business. / on holiday /on
duty（他们因公到上海）
Plague follows on the heels of
famine.（饥荒过后会引发瘟疫）
Victory on victory（从一个胜利走向另一个胜利）
The man with black shoes on the feet and spectacles
on the nose was found by the
police.（那个穿黑皮鞋带眼镜的男子被警察抓住了）
To
Life in a big city is not to his
taste.（他不太喜欢大城市的生活）
Under
The question under discussion is about the educational
system.（讨论的问题与教育系统有关）
The branches bent low under the load of
fruits.（树枝上果实累累）
They studied English under Prof.
Wang.（他们跟着王教授学习英语）
The patient is still under
treatment.（病人还一直接受治疗）
With
I am with you.（我同意你的意见）
表示方向、倾向、方法、对象
about
He spent the whole afternoon walking about the
town.（他在城里逛了一下午）
After
seek after the truth（寻求真理）
against
Ants store up food against the
winter.（蚂蚁存储食物以备过冬）
He sat on the ground against a
tree.（他坐在地上背靠着树）
At
Measures aiming at raising the level of English are
adopted.（采取了以提高教学水平为目的的措施
Arrive at
We played a match at football against them this
morning.（今天早上我们和他们打了一场足球赛）
By
The ship sails east by north.
I came her by the road along the
river.（我在沿河的那条公路上遇上了他）
Down
Tears poured down her face.（她泪如雨下）
Go down the street and turn to the
left.（顺着这条路走，向左拐。）
She went down town to do some
shopping.（她去镇上买点东西）
For
What do you come here for?（你来这儿干什么？）
Here is a letter for you.（这有一封给你的信）
Let us do our best and hope for the best. / I don’t care for
money.
尽力而为，往最好处着想（谋事在人，成事在天）。/我不计较钱
The girl has a sharp ear for English
sound.（这个女孩对英语的发音很敏感）
He took me for a scholar. / take … for
granted（认为…理所应当）
他把我当成教授了
We are leaving for
Shanghai.（我们准备动身去上海）
I bought an album for my
photographs.（我买了一个相册放我的照片）
Of
Japan is due east of China.（日本在中国的东方）
The nurse takes good care of her patients. / take charge of /
take possession of / give promise of / get a glimpse
of（护士精心的照顾她的病人）
The boy felt ashamed of his fault. / be fond of/ desirous of/
get tired of（这个男孩为他犯的过错而感到惭愧。）
We have nothing to complain
of.（我们没有什么可抱怨的。）
She has an intense love of music.（她酷爱音乐）
表示原因、基础、影响、结果
after
A safety installation was fixed to the machine after several
people were
injured.（鉴于好几个人都受了伤，于是在这台机器安装了一个安全装置。）
At
The students are much delighted at the victory of their
football team. / be angry at
球队取得了胜利，学生们高兴极了。
At your request, our catalog of new books will be sent
by post.（我们将根据你的要求把新书的目录通过邮局寄给你）
By
He got heart disease by excessive smoking. / by
mistake（过度吸烟使他患上了心脏病）
It is half past six by my watch. / by appearances / by nature
/ by the name of（我的表已经六点半了）
Die from / die of / die for/ die by/ die with / die through
/die in
Die from多半指外部创伤，也可指疾病，die
of一般指疾病、饥渴、年老、中毒、寒暑、劳累，死因最多；die
for为某种事业、目标而死；die by因暴力、行凶而死；die
with因精神、感情等原因；die through因疏忽、过失而死；die
in在某种状况或环境下死去，贫困、战场、幼年
In
in/on behalf of, in defense of, in favor of, in honor of, in
hopes of, in memory of, in praise of, in quest of, in search of, in
place of, in support of, in the service of
She delights in music. / He rejoiced in reading. / H
takes pride in his son.
（他喜欢音乐/他喜欢读书/他以有这样的儿子感到骄傲。）
Of
He died of cancer.（她死于癌症）
I did it of necessity, not of choice.
I have no idea what has become of the house after the
earthquake.（我不知道地震后那所房子会成什么样子）
On
He lives on his wages.（它靠工资生活）
I come here to see you on purpose. / on these terms /
on condition that（我是专程来看看你）
With
She trembled with fear.（她吓得直哆嗦）
His face is twisted with
pain.（他疼得脸都变了样）
表示方式、方法、手段、工具
after
The children take after their father in his way of
speaking.这些孩子说话时后的样子活像他们的父亲。
I like his small room after the style of old country
house.（他的小屋具有旧时房屋的风格，我喜欢。）
At
At times he felt very well; at other times he
found himself impotent to do any work.
（有时候他感觉良好；可有时候他又会觉得自己没力气工作。）
We walked ten miles at a stretch. / at regular
intervals（我们一口气走了十里路）
By
He bought a new car by / in
installments.（她以分期付款的方式买了一辆新车）
We traveled by land / sea/ air/ train/ plane / boat/
car（我们由陆路旅游）
I caught him by the collar.（我抓住了他的衣领）
We pay house rent by month. / by different
measure（我按月交房租。/通过不同的方式）
One by one / day by day / step by step /
little by little
一个接一个/日复一日/一步步地/一点点的
In
Motor vehicles are turned out in mass production. /
in detail
In English / in prose/ in Gothic
style汽车的产量很大。
He did it in his father’s name. / in the name
of（他以他父亲的名义做了这件事）
On
There was a curious noise outside, he stealed to the door
on
tiptoe.（门外传来奇怪的声音，他踮着脚尖小心翼翼朝门口走过去）
You are wanted on the phone. / on the radio / on
television / on the air（你的电话）
With
The room is cooled with air
conditioner.（安了空调的屋子很凉快。）
I lent him the book with
pleasure.（我很高兴把书借给他）
The bird was killed with a
stone.（有人用块石头把鸟打死了。）
表示程度、水平、标准、比较、次序
against
The factory has produced 34000 tractors this year as
against 30000 last
year.（去年我们厂生产出了30000辆拖拉机，而今年我们厂生产了34000辆。）
At
He drives at a break-neck
speed.（他疯了似地开车）
When things are at the worst, they will mend. / at the
top of / at full speed / at one’s best / not…at all / at the
most（否极泰来）
I found English difficult at
first.（先开始，我发现英语很难）
Beyond
He lives beyond his means. （他入不敷出）
The Chinese handicraft is beyond all
comparison.（中国的手工艺品一流）
For
The scenery is too beautiful for words. / The box is
heavy enough for the boy to
carry.（景色美得无法用语言来形容。）
For one top student we have five ordinary
ones.出一个优秀生，相对就有五个一般的学生
In
He is not in the slightest degree interested in
drama.（他对戏剧根本不感兴趣）
The entries are arranged in alphabetical
order.（是按字母顺序排列的）
Of
Several officers of his own rank started for the front
with him.几位跟他同级的军官和他一起出发到前线去。
It is unimaginable that you, of all people, should do
such a thing（没想到偏偏是你干了这么一件事，真是不可思议。
On
The electronic industry is developing on a large scale.
/ on a high standard（电子工业正在大规模的发展）
To
He prefer death to humiliation. / inferior…to / next
to/ second to（她宁愿死也不愿蒙羞）
The work was to a great extend done by
himself.（这项工作基本上是他自己完成的。）
表示数量、量度、单位、价值、比率
about
The proportion of the finished products to the spoiled is
about/around 9.5 to 0.5.（成品和废品的比例大概是。。。
Above
There are above /over 60 people in the
building.（大厦里有60多人）
At
The piano was sold at a discount of 5 percent for
cash./ at high price / at a rapid rate/ at any
cost（如果掏现金买这架钢琴，就能打个95折）
Below
They will not sell it below / under cost
price.（他们不会低于成本价出售）
By
The number of people gathered on the square can be counted
by the thousands.（广场上聚集着上千人）
She is my junior by five
years.（他比我小5岁）
The room I rent is 6m.by
4m.（我租的房子有六米乘四米那么大。
For
The museum bought an object of antiquity for a large
sum.博物馆出了大价钱买下了这件古董。
In
The US dollar is declining in value./ in quantity/ in volume /
in lengths of / in twos and threes/ in the proportion
of（美元正在贬值）
Off
The shop assistant agreed to take 5% off the price for
ready cash. （售货员同意如果付现金就打个95折）
She is three years off forty.（他今年47岁）
With
The two substances were mixed with equal
amount.（两种等量的物质混合在一起）
about
There is something of mystery about
him.（他这人有点儿神秘。）
In
She has something of the artist in
her.（她有艺术家的气质）
Of
The legs of the table are too
short.（这个桌子的腿太短了）
The goods are of superior quality. / of importance / as
a matter of fact / of the sort （货物的质量很好）
I have made friends with the three of
them.（我和他们三个交上了朋友）
To
belong to（属于）/ answer to the question（问题的答案） /
guide to / monument to / key to/ a daughter to my cousin
This hospital is affiliated to the medical college. / attached
to/ appendices to the dictionary / additions to
above
Nobody in our country is allowed to stand above the
law.（我们国家不许任何人凌驾于法律之上）
Against
Strictly speaking, spitting on the floor is against the
public morality.（严格的讲，随地吐痰是违反公共道德的行为。）
At
Citizens are entitled at law to criticize the
government functionaries.（公民有权利依法对政府进行批评）
By
By the terms of article 6 of the contract, the goods
should be delivered within two months. / by rule / by the doctor’s
advice（依据合同第六条规定，供方应于2个月内交货）
In
He has admitted in principle liability for the debt./
in theory / brother
–in-law他从原则上已经认可对那项债务负责任。
Into
The two countries have entered into an agreement not to
interfere with each other in internal
affairs.（这两个国家达成协议互不干涉内政）
On
This drug is not sold except on the order of a doctor.
（这种药须有医生的处方，否则不能出售。）
He rented the house on an agreement of three
years.（根据协议他租这个房子三年）
The instrument is designed on a new
theory.（这个仪器是按照新的理论设计出来的）
To
The factory acted up to the agreement. / to the rule /
adhere to principle / to custom（厂方按协议办事）
from
Skill comes from practice.（熟能生巧）
Nylon is made from coal, water and
air.(尼龙是由煤、水和空气制成的)
In
The picture is painted in oils. / write in ink /
draw in water color/ carve in stone/ model in
clay（这是一幅油画）
Of
I often seek advice of him.（我经常请他提意见）
She bought a book shelf of
bamboo.（它买了一个竹质的书架）
Will you have a cup of tea? / lots of（你喝茶吗）
He is a friend of mine.（他是我的一个朋友）
With
Dumplings are stuffed with sugar, nuts and fruits. / be
covered with / be crowded with
What do you make with
flour.（你能用面粉做什么？）
表示分离、区分、排除、让步
after
He is very optimistic after all the hardships he has
suffered.（他受了那么多苦却依然很乐观）
Beside
They argued beside the point. / The discussion is
beside the question.（他们争论的离题了）
Besides
except/excepting, save
/saving都是指从句中所说的事物中剔除。)
I shall buy some other things besides this. / I saw no one
besides him.
我除了买这个再买点其他的东西/除了他，我谁都没看见
But
（but和疑问代词what, who, which, 不定代词anything, anyone,
everybody,否定词no one, nobody, nothing 连用，but和first, next,
last连用，后接一个数词，表示除去那个数，first but one, next but
two, last but three, but for要不是）
He is anything but a
musician.（他可不是搞音乐的。）
For
The question trouble him for all his
ability.（他使出全身解数也解决不了这个问题）
From
It is very difficult to distinguish some forgeries from
genuine antiquities. / differ from / know right from wrong /
different from（有时分辨真伪是很难的）
The students are prohibited from smoking and drinking.
/ prevent from / restrain from / stop from / relieve from/ protect
from / rescue from（学生不准吸烟、饮酒）
Of
He generously freed me of my debts. / rob of /
independent of / cure…of…/ relieve of/ free of/ clean of dust /
clear of stones（他免了我的帐）
Off
He cuts a slice off the ham. 他切了一片火腿/ Many
streets branch off the
boulevard.从大马路上岔出好多条街来。
He is not capable for the task, I am inclined to take the
burden off his hand./ take a weight off my mind / off duty /
off smoking（他没有能力作这项工作，应改换人）
He never shakes off routine to chat with somebody
during the office hours. / He is rather off color.
（他从不在工作的时候和别人闲聊。）
Than
I have no other pens than this
one.（除此之外我没有其他的笔了）
With
He has done away with his bad
habit.（他把自己的坏毛病改了。）
With all his efforts , he couldn’t attain his
end.他尽了全力，可还是达不到目的。
表示关系、关联、牵涉
about
I have heard quite a lot about you from my
friends.（我从我朋友那听到许多关于你的事情）
By
She is an American by nationality but a Chinese
by birth. / by profession / by that name（他是美籍华人
Concerning / as concerns/considering关于
There was much discussion concerning the new
regulation.（这项新的规定引发了许多争论）
He did it very well considering his age and
experience.（凭他的年龄和经验已经做的很好了）
For
For that matter, I have nothing to
say.（对于这件事我没什么可说的了）
He is well developed for his
age.（以他这个年龄来看，他发育得很好。
In
He is superior to me in every respect./ He is a
scientist in name but not in fact.
（在各方面，他都比我强。/他是科学家，但名不副实。）
Of
He becomes aware of his mistake. / speak of/ hear of/
inform of/ think well
of（他渐渐地意识到自己的错误）
Some people are slow of expression_r. / be confident of /
be lame of (有些人不善言谈)
On
Professor Lin will give a series of lectures on the
scientific management of modern factories.
林教授将针对现代工厂的科学管理问题举办一系列的讲座。
Over
We have no time to waste over trifles. / think over /
talk over（我们没时间去应付这些琐事）
To
What do you say to his
suggestion?（关于他这个建议你有什么看法）
This chapter has no reference to your
question.（这章还没有涉及到你的问题）
Water is to fish as air is to man. / see to the
matter / as to the result of
鱼儿离不开水，就像人离不开空气。
Touching / concerning/ regarding/ respecting=as concerns, as
regards, in/with regard to, as respects, in / with respect to /as
touching 都是about / on的比较正式的同义书面语。
With
What’s the matter with you?（你怎么了）
Have you done with the book?（这本书你看完了吗）
She has nothing to do with the
matter.（她跟这事没关系）
表示施动者
by
The window pane was broken by the
boy.（这个男孩打破了窗玻璃）
For
It is hopeless for you to continue it in such a
way.（你再按这种方式继续做下去是没希望的）
I don’t care for him to join
us.（我不想让他加入进来）
Of
(在某些形容词后面的of,如kind, good, cruel, clever, foolish,
naughty不仅是动词不定式的施动者，也是这些形容词的真实主语。)
The discovery of Columbus enlarged the
world.（哥伦布的发现使人们意识到世界原本他们想象的要大。）哥伦布的发现把世界扩大了。
It’s very kind of you to
help（你帮了我的忙，真太感谢了。）.
Be loved of all 受人爱戴的
With
People were seized with terror at the moment of the
sudden strong earthquake./ be attacked with flu
（突然间的强烈地震使人们惊慌失措）
I was struck with a good
idea.（我突然想到了个好主意。）
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