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音乐教学改革初探--音格ying
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基本理论与识谱视唱想结合：在教学中，我们发现，乐理与视谱教学的现状不容乐观，特别是业余爱好者，他们觉得枯燥，不感兴趣。有些学生认为学无所用
C
，D，E，F，G，A，B，七个音名无法与唱名对上号。因此，教学者在讲述基本乐理的过程中，不仅要学者理解音乐的艺术特点及音乐的表现手段，更重要的是举一些他们喜欢听，喜欢的歌为实例帮助谈们理解，培养谈们的兴趣。例如音乐的特殊划分、三连音在音乐中起的作用和特殊的效果等。教学时可将有三连音的乐曲与歌曲和不用三连音的音响效果示范给学生听，使让学生留下深刻的印象。又如在讲解节奏与节拍时，可将一些典型意义的节奏型，由易到难地组合起来，再通过节拍的强弱规律让学生动口、动手地练习，这样在一定的程度上，，消除了学生对乐理的枯燥感。应在学习基本乐理的基础上，有机地将视唱融合一体，运用科学的方法，精心设计每一教学环节，在教学中尽量做到由易到难，打消学生对识谱的畏惧情绪，把握住学生的生理与心理特点，摆脱过去反复练习几首单调的音阶的状况。领略七个基本音符的感染力和即兴演唱旋律，使七个音符在一度、二度，或五度、六度的练习，不象他们想象的难以上口。在掌握好七个音符的基础上，选择有代表性的歌曲[乐曲]让学生自己视唱，增加他们学好的信心。音乐是声音的艺术，“听”也是教学的基本特点，要唱准唱好，就必须多听。听可以从现代音响中来，更直观的是从音乐教师的歌喉中来。在识谱视唱的过程中，以乐理知识为基础，变抽象枯燥的概念为生动有趣的形象，将熟悉的歌曲、乐曲做为乐理分析和视唱来练习，只有这样才能取得事半功倍的效果。-
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在音乐欣赏，完成曲式知识与乐曲体裁的教学：音乐教学中的一个重要组成部分是音乐欣赏课，其教学目的是培养业余爱好者了解和接触国内外的优秀作品，扩大视野，提高音乐审美能力。近几年，流行音乐占有主要地位，家家户户到处听到的是各时期的流行歌曲。初学者多数不知什么是严肃音乐，什么是交响曲等，甚至连民族乐器和西洋乐器部分不清。如何引导学生进入音乐天地，必须从实际出发。选择欣赏教材，把基本音乐常识融化在听音乐之中，变理性认识为感性认识。初学音乐[声乐、器乐]的爱好者都具备了一定的文化修养，虽然音乐基础薄弱，缺少音乐素养，但他们有丰富的想象力，音乐欣赏就是引导欣赏者在欣赏作品时产生一定程度的联想，领悟音乐的内涵，但音乐与文学、美术不同，它是通过直接的音响和多彩的旋律反映现实生活，从而引起听者的情感共鸣。要使初学者理解音乐语言，必须在学者掌握好音乐知识的基础上，通过听音乐作品举出实例，完成曲式与乐曲体裁的教学。例如：小提琴协奏曲〈梁山伯与祝英台〉就是用奏鸣曲写成，学生们对这古老而优美的传说非常熟悉，通过对乐曲的理性读解，初学者们加深对共鸣曲式的理解。又如；通过抓好学者的正确发声方法的“高位置”演唱和进一步统一指挥训练，使初学者们发出自然放松的带有头声腔共鸣的声音和做出优美的指挥动作。通过科学的歌唱教学，提高初学者的能力，使之懂得如何组成一支合唱对，无论是独唱、重唱、合唱，内容都更加丰富，表演得更加娴熟。这样，理论和实践相结合更激发了初学者对音乐的热情和信心，使之感到学有所用。只有这样，才能真正提高音乐爱好者的素质。-
Several near in the last years, along with music
teaching continuously thorough development, at profession music
teacher of effort bottom, they turned to do to the music teaching
norm some valid of try, basically knot soon for long time the
history of "the music lesson is to sing a song lesson".Set out from
the function, make the amateur fancier have to music further of
understanding, make up amateur the fancier have no understanding to
music of blank.At concrete of call method up, we attention the
following what time.-
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Basic theories with know a table to see to sing to want to
combine:In the teaching, our detection, theory of music with see
table teaching of the present condition allow of no optimism,
especially amateur fancier, they feel lifeless, uninterested.Some
student think that learning to have no use C, D, E, F, G, A, B,
seven sound can't with roll call to top number.Therefore, the
teaching not only want scholar the art characteristics of
comprehension music in the process of relating basic theory of
music and music of performance means, more important raise some
they like to listen to, like of song for solid example help talk
comprehension, development talk of interest.For example music of
special divide the line, three connect the sound have in music of
function and special effect etc..Teaching will have three connect
sound of melody and song with need not three connect sound of sound
effect demonstration let student listen to, make to let the student
leave a deep impression.Again such as while explain in detail
rhythm and rhythm, can some rhythm type of typical model meaning,
from easy arrive a set to difficultly put together, again let the
student speak up, begin ground practice through the strong or weak
regulation of rhythm, so at certain of degree up, , cancellation
the student's lifeless feeling to the theory of music.Should at
study basic theory of music of foundation up, organically will see
to sing fusion integral whole, usage science of method, with
meticulous care design each teaching link, as far as possible
attain in the teaching from easy arrive difficult, cancel a student
to be afraid motion towards know table of, the confidence live the
student's physiology and mental state characteristics, get away
from past again and again practice several head monotonous of the
condition of scale.Grasp seven atmosphere of basic note with
impromptu sing on stage melody, make seven note at once, two
degree, or five degree, six degree practice, not elephant they
imagination of hard fluently.In control like seven note of
foundation, the choice contain the representative's song[melody]let
the student see to sing by himself[herself], increment they learn
good confidence.Music is the art of voice, "listen to" be also the
basic characteristics of teaching, sing quasi- sing good, have to
much listen to.Listen to can from the modern stereo set, keep a
view more of from the music teacher's song larynx.Take theory of
music knowledge as foundation in the process of knowing table to
see to sing, become abstract the lifeless concept be used as the
song, melody for acquaint with theory of music analysis for the
vivid and interesting image with see to sing practice, only have so
then can obtain the effect of half effort and double
results.-
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At the music listening, the teaching of the completion song type
knowledge and melody form:In music teaching of an importance
constitute part is a music listening lesson, its teaching purpose
be a development amateur fancier understanding and contact domestic
and international of excellent work, extension visual field,
exaltation music appreciate beauty ability.The last few years, the
pop music occupy a main position, all families what to hear be each
everywhere period of pop song.The raw recruit most doesn't know
what is serious music, what is a symphony etc., even connect race
musical instrument and western musical instrument department can
not distinguish.How leading is the student get into music world,
have to from actual set out.The choice appreciate teaching
material, melt basic music common sense in listen to music and
change reasonableness understanding is sensitive faculty
understanding.Beginner music[vocal music, instrumental music]of the
fancier all had certain of culture accomplishment, although music
foundation be weak, want for music cultivated manners, they have
abundant of imagination dint, music listening be leading appreciate
while appreciate work creation certain degree of association of
thought, comprehend music of content, music and literature, art
dissimilarity, it is to pass direct of stereo set and colorful
melody reflection reality life, cause the emotion of hearer thus
total Ming.Want to make music language of the raw recruit
comprehension, have to at the scholar control good the foundation
of music knowledge up, pass to listen to music a work to enumerate
a solid example, completion song type and melody form of
teaching.For example:Violin concerto<beam mountain
elder brother of one's father with wish an English
set>be use to move a Ming song to write, the
students to this thou old but beautiful of legend acquaint with
very much, the reasonableness which pass to the melody read
solution, the raw recruits deepen a rightness total Ming song type
of comprehension.Again such as;Pass to grasp good the scholar's
exactitude give out sound method of"Gao position" sing on stage
with further unify conductor train, make the raw recruits send out
nature relax of take to have a voice chamber total Ming of voice
with do beautiful of conductor action.Pass sing of science
teaching, exaltation the ability of the raw recruit, make it know
how to constitute a chorus rightness, regardless solo, heavy sing,
chorus, contents all more abundant, perform have to be familiar
with more.So, theories and practiced to combine together to stir up
raw recruit more to music of enthusiasm and confidence, make it
feel learn to have to use.Only so, then can the character of real
exaltation music fancier.-
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