加载中…不列颠博物馆-亚述浮雕
(2011-07-07 17:24:00)
标签：
不列颠博物馆亚述浮雕猎狮图尼尼微 |
分类： 【畅览博物】 |
2011年6月27日
埃及雕塑展厅后的第6至第10展厅就是亚述浮雕。尽管埃及雕塑已经让人赏心悦目了，亚述浮雕的出现还是有眼前一亮的感觉，特别如猎狮图，长长的浮雕布满了几面墙。整个参观过程总有两种感觉一直纠缠在一起。其一就是感叹于这些完整而精美的浮雕所展示的古代文明的宏大；其二是这古老文明之地是在怎样的屈辱之下，才使得这么大规模的浮雕如此完整的运往他国，而不是像做贼一样敲成碎片。亚述作为地名狭义上就是亚述城，广义上是指以亚述城为中心的底格里斯河中上游地区，其南部是由阿卡德地区和苏美尔地区组成的巴比伦尼亚。亚述文明的兴起时间并不太清楚，但至少在公元前2500年前就开始活跃在美索不达米亚，并几度兴衰沉浮。
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公元前七世纪中叶，经过萨尔贡王朝几位君主的武力扩张后，盛极一时。王国统治了整个新月地带，并占领了古埃及地区。公元前七世纪末，军事帝国内乱外患，在新巴比伦王国和米底亚王国的联合攻击下溃败，帝国的城池也成为废墟，淹没在荒野间。亚述的历史总是充满着劫掠、屠杀、奴役和毁灭。在它对外征服的过程中，许多事件骇人听闻。但无奈的是，这并非亚述的专利。它的覆灭情景很有可能，与它曾对周边地区导演过的一样！
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尼姆罗德（Nimrud）和尼尼微（Nineveh）两座古城先后做过新亚述帝国的都城。十九世纪在西方人主导下进行了考古发掘，并将许多文物先后运往巴黎、伦敦和芝加哥。不列颠博物馆展示的亚述浮雕大多数就是从这两座古城运来的。这些浮雕多数是国王宫殿或走廊两边的装饰，绝大部分均表现统治者的“英明神武”、“勇猛过人”、“王权神护”等内容。而其中的一些武器、工程修筑、器物等题材，是研究亚述文明的重要的材料。
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