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什么是"新闻"?

(2006-06-28 08:45:21)

分类：有道论坛

    几乎每个学过英语的人可能都听说过这种毫无根据的版本：“新闻是来自东西南北的消息。”（News is information about recent events or happenings from all around the world--south and north, east and west .）因此人们分别取了north, east, west和east的首字母组成了这个新词。同时也说明了news这个词为什么虽然以-s结尾，但却不是复数形式；相反的，它是个不可数名词。“一则新闻”正确的英文表达是a piece of news或者an item of news。
    还有一个更经典的版本呢：“狗咬人不是新闻，人咬狗才是新闻。”（When a dog bites a man that is not news , but when a man bites a dog that is news.）
    e, n, s和w这四个字母的排列组合共有24种可能性，但只有news这样一种组合方式被人们普遍接受了。同样，人、狗、咬这三个字有六种可能的排列组合，但“狗咬人”的排列和“人咬狗”的组合却有着截然不同的表达效果。
    在语言学里，这种能够被人们普遍接受的排列组合方式就叫做“约定俗成”。（Language is shaped by common practice.）

Quotations:
For evil news rides post, while good news baits.

                                   ---John Milton(1608-1674)
    As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country. ---The Bible
    Literature is news that STAYS news.

---Ezra Pound(1885-1972)
All the news that's fit to print.

                                  ---Adolphs.Ochs(1858-1935)
    News value. ---Julian Ralph(1853-1903)
    I will buy with you, sell with you, talk with you, walk with you, and so following; but I will not eat with you, drink with you, nor pray with you. What news on the Rialto?

---William Shakespeare(1564-1616)
What is news? News is what someone wants to suppress,everything esle is advertising.

---Reuven Frank(a former Head of NBC News)

Idiomatic Colloquialism:
    No news is good news.没有消息就是好消息。不闻凶信便是吉。
    Bad news has wings.坏消息传得快。
    Good news goes on crutches.好事不出门。
    Bad news travels fast.恶事传千里。
    He's/She's bad news.他/她是个大麻烦。
    That's news to me!我一点都不知道。
    I've got news for you.我有坏消息要告诉你。

Wordbank:
bad news 坏消息
good news 好消息
interesting news 趣闻
sensational news 耸人听闻的消息
startling news 惊人的消息
unexpected news 意外的消息
welcome news 受欢迎的消息
local news 当地新闻
international news 国际新闻
national news 国内新闻
political news 政治新闻
the latest news 最新新闻
grapevine news 小道消息
breaking news 突发的消息
thrilling news 令人兴奋的消息
television news 电视新闻
surprising news 惊人的消息
news agency 通讯社、新闻社
news agent 报刊经销人
news vendor 报贩，卖报人
news bulletin 新闻简报，新闻快讯
newscast 新闻广播，新闻报道
newscaster 新闻播保员
＝newsreader 新闻播音员，新闻广播员
news conference 记者招待会
news flash 新闻快讯
news letter通讯，简报
newspaper 报纸
newspaper stand 书报摊，报刊亭
＝newsstand 报摊，报亭
＝news stall 报摊，报亭
newsprint 新闻纸，白报纸
newsreel新闻片
news release (=press release) 新闻稿
news room 新闻编辑室
news analyst 新闻评论员，新闻分析员
news blackout 新闻封锁，新闻管制
news editing 新闻编辑
news film 新闻片
news hen （美）女新闻记者
news network 新闻网
news report 新闻报道
news story 新闻报道
news window 新闻图片栏
news sheet 小报
news beat 新闻记者的采访区域
newsboy 报童，送报人
newsmaker制造新闻的事件
newsmonger爱传播新闻的人, 饶舌者，小广播
newspaper campaign新闻战
newspeak (以自相矛盾、含混为特点的)官方宣传语言；新话
newswire 新闻专线
newsworthy 有新闻价值的
newsy多新闻的, 消息丰富的

Reading: About News
    News is the reporting of current events usually by local, regional or mass media in the form of newspapers, television and radio programs, or sites on the World Wide Web. News reporting is a type of journalism, typically written or broadcast in news style. Most news is investigated and presented by journalists (or reporters) and often distributed via news agencies. If the content of news is significant enough, it eventually becomes history.
    To be considered news, an event usually must have broad interest due to one or more news values:
"Impact (how many people were, are or will be affected?)
"Timeliness (did the event occur very recently?)
"Revelation (is there significant new information, previously unknown?)
"Proximity (was the event nearby geographically?)
"Entertainment (does it make for a fun story?)
"Oddity (was the event highly unusual?)
"Celebrity (was anyone famous involved?)
    News coverage often includes the "five W's and the H" --- who, what, where, when, why, and how.
    The word "news" comes from a special use of the plural of the word "new", and not as the common backronym claims, from the four cardinal directions (North, East, West, and South). Old spellings of the word varied widly---newesse, newis, nevis, neus, newys, niewes, newis, nues, etc-casting further doubt on the popular etymological theory.
    In democracies, news organizations are often expected to aim for objectivity: reporters cover both sides in a controversy and try to eliminate bias. This is not true of all organizations in all cultures. For instance, British television news is required to be objective, but the newspapers are expected to have a point of view although limits are set by the government agency Ofcom, the Office of Communications, and the UK has stricter libel laws than the US for the press.

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