山海虹

 Lesson 35 Justice was done 伸张正义
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
justice n. 正义，公正；司法
court n. 法院
law n. 法律
innocence n. 无辜
undertake v. 承担，着手做
arduous adj. 艰苦的，艰难的
abstract adj. 抽象的
concept n. 概念，观念
mete out 给予，处置
interference n. 干涉
accord n. 一致
premises n. 房屋
convert v. 转变，改变
disused adj. 不再用的，废弃的
fireplace n. 壁炉
muffle v. 捂住，厌抑
chip v. 砍，削，凿
blacken v. 使变黑
emerge v. （从某处）出现

 

justice n. 正义，公正；司法
Justice is done 正义得到伸张
bring justice to the criminal 把罪犯缉拿归案
do justice to sb 公正地对待某人

do oneself justice 公正地对待自己
give oneself up to justice 自首 The criminal gave himself up to justice yesterday.
in justice to sth/ sb. 为了对……公正起见
Eg: They decided to investigate the case in justice to the person.为了对这人公正起见，他们决定调查这个案件

the Ministry of Justice,minister of justice

injustice 不公平，不公正

law n. 法律

go to law 诉诸法律
take law into one's own hand 无法无天
take the law of sb 控告
at law 在诉讼中
within the law 合法
outside the law 不合法
lawyer 律师
lawful 有法可依的
lawfully adv.
lawless 无法可依的
lawlessly adv.

innocence n. 无辜
innocent adj. 无辜的

undertake v. 承担，着手做 take up, start 
take up writing,
undertake to do sth/sth  承担，开始做

He undertook to inform everyone concerned.

They undertook an investigation.
start to do sth/ take off doing sth / be engaged in sth / set out to do / set about doing / carry on doing/perform sth.
... on the way 在进行中
The discuss is on the way.

arduous adj. 艰苦的，艰难的
Study English is an arduous job.
-ous adj.
industrious,
laborious,  Going upstair is laborious for an old lady aged 80.
strenuous

mete out 给予，处置 mete out reward or punishment

Justice was meted out to them.

accord n. 一致==agree with
in accord with 和……一致 My opinion was in accord with yours.
out of accord with 和……不一致
of one's own accord 自然而然的,资源地
Justice is done of it’s own accord.
according to: 依据，根据
in accordance with 依据(法律，规章，制度),比较正式

premises n. 房屋
residence 住处，居留地（正式用法）
dwelling 供人居住的地方（正式用法）
house 住房
housing 房（总称）
The housing problem

disused adj. 不再用的，废弃的
misused 弄错了的
used 用过了的
second hand 二手的

chip v. 砍，削，凿 chip a hole
chop 砍 chop the head

【Text】
 Lesson 35 Justice was done 伸张正义
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
The word ‘justice’ is given two different meanings in the text. What is the distinction between them?

     The word justice is usually associated with courts of law. We might say that justice has been done when a man's innocence or guilt has been proved beyond doubt. Justice is part of the complex machinery of the law. Those who seek it, undertake an arduous journey and can never be sure that they will find it. Judges, however wise or eminent, are human and can make mistakes.
     There are rare instances when justice almost ceases to be an abstract conception. Reward or punishment are meted out quite independent of human interference. At such times, justice acts like a living force. When we use a phrase like it serves him right, we are, in part, admitting that a certain set of circumstances has enabled justice to act of its own accord.
     When a thief was caught on the premises of a large jewelry store one morning, the shop assistants must have found it impossible to resist the temptation to say 'it serves him right'. The shop was an old converted house with many large, disused fireplaces and tall, narrow chimneys. Towards midday, a girl heard a muffled cry coming from behind one of the walls. As the cry was repeated several times, she ran to tell the manager who promptly rang up the fire brigade. The cry had certainly come from one of the chimneys, but as there were so many of them, the fire fighters could not be certain which one it was. They located the right chimney by tapping at the walls and listening for the man's cries. After chipping through a wall which was eighteen inches thick, they found that a man had been trapped in the chimney. As it was extremely narrow, the man was unable to move, but the firemen were eventually able to free him by cutting a huge hole in the wall. The sorry-looking, blackened figure that emerged, at once admitted that he had tried to break into the shop during the night but had got stuck in the chimney. He had been there for nearly ten hours. Justice had been done even before the man was handed over to the police.

参考译文
“正义”这个词常常是同法庭连在一起的。当某人被证据确凿地证明无罪的时候，我们也许会说正义得到了伸张。正义是复杂的法律机器组成部分。那些寻求正义的人走的是一条崎岖的道路，从来没有把握他们最终将到正义。法官无论如何聪明与有名，毕竟也是人，也会出差错的。
在个别情况下，正义不再是一种抽象概念。奖惩的实施是不受人意志支配的。在这种时候，正义像一种有生命的力量行使其职能。当我们说“他罪有应得”这句话的时候，我们部分承认了某种特定的环境使得正义自动地起了作用。
一天上午，当一个小偷在一家大型珠宝店里被人抓住的时候，店员一定会忍不住说：“他罪有应得。”那是一座老式的、经过改造的房子，店里有许多废置不用的大壁炉和又高又窄的烟囱。快到中午的时候，一个女售货员听见从一堵墙里传出一种闷声闷气的叫声。由于这种喊叫声重复了几次，她跑去报告经理，经理当即给消防队挂了电话。喊叫声肯定是从烟囱里传出来的，然而，因为烟囱太多，消防队员无法确定到底是哪一个。他们通过叫击烟囱倾叫声而确定传出声音的那个烟囱。他们凿透了18英寸厚的墙壁，发现有个人卡在烟囱里。由于烟囱太窄，那人无法动弹。消防队员在墙上挖了个大洞，才终于把他解救出来。那个看来满脸沮丧、浑身漆黑的家伙从烟囱里一出来，就承认头天夜里他企图到店里行窍，但让烟囱卡住了。他已经在烟囱里被困了将近10个小时。甚至在那人还没被送交给警察之前，正义就已得到了伸张。

【课文讲解】

be associated with == be connected with, be related to 与......相联系
we might say that: 我们也许会说we might say that he is an able person.

beyond prep. 超出某种范围，限度（与名词搭配）

beyond doubt 毫无疑问 He is proved innocent beyond doubt.
beyond believe 难以相信
beyond words 难以形容
beyond description 难以描述
beyond question 难以置疑
beyond hope 没有希望
beyond recovery 康复无望
beyond dispute 无可争议
beyond contention 无可争辨
beyond imagination 难以想像
beyond measure 难以度量
beyond understanding 无法理解
beyond comparison
beyond one’s +名词 超出了某人的能力所及......
beyond his power.beyond my comprehension.This book is beyond his reach.
You are beyond his recognition.
Your beauty is beyond my description.
The text is beyond the students' comprehension.

part of 部分(+单数名词) Only part of his story is true.
pars of 几部分，若干部分(+单数名词) Parts of the logbook was recognised.Large parts of the house was destroyed in the fire.

背熟：Those who seek it, undertake an arduous journey and can never be sure that they will find it.Those who decided to learn a foreign English well undertake an arduous journey.

however== no matter how

judges:

There are rare instances when+从句 : 在极个别的情况下
There are rare instances when women are not equal to men.

cease （正式）彻底的停止，暗示动作的突然性
His heart suddenly ceased to beat.
cease to do

stop:(广泛，不正式)不强调方式，只强调结果.The car suddenly stopped.

quite independent of human interference ----形容词短语做定语，说明主句的状况
He deserves it / It serves him right 罪有应得

At such times: 在有的时候
we are, in part, admitting that
enabled sb. to do
of its own accord

When a thief was caught on the premises of a large fur store one morning, the shop assistants must have found it impossible to resist the temptation to say 'it serves him right'.
found it impossible to resist the temptation to say ...（双否）
I found it impossible to resist the temptation to buy the beauty dress.

come from behind 从后面
promptly = immediately

located the right chimney
by tapping at the walls and listening for the man’s cries
Eg: We are listening for the clock to announce the New Year.I 'm listening for your steps.

emerged=come out,appeared

get stuck 被卡住了

 

【Multiple choice questions】
Comprehension
1 In what circumstances may justice take effect outside the courts of law?
a. When a judge has proved neither eminent nor wise.
b. When it has not been possible to prove a man’s guilt beyond any doubt.
c. When justice has been done without the interference of a human agent.
d. When, for example, a man is caught and handed over to the police.
take effect 起作用
请背熟题干

2 Why did the manager ring up the fire brigade?
a. He thought that one of the chimneys was on fire.
b. He expected them to be of most help in the circumstances.
c. He had not realized there was a criminal on the premises.
d. He thought whoever was stuck might be a member of the fire brigade.

3 The fire fighters ascertained which chimney the man was in by _____ .
a. deciding which of the many cries came from the right chimney
b. listening for the man’s response to their taps on the walls.
c. chipping through a wall which was eighteen inches thick
d. cutting a hige hole in the wall
ascertained

Structure
4 ____ wise or eminent, judges are human and can make mistakes. (ll.5-6)
a. Whether b. Either c. How much d. No matter how

5 In our use of a phrase like ‘it serves him right’ _____ , in part, admitting … (ll.8-10)
a. is b. it is c. we are b. and in

6 The staff must have found it impossible _____ to say ‘it serves him right’. (ll.11-12)
a. they were not tempted b. for them not to be tempted
c. to be tempted d. not to be tempted
be tempted to do

7 _____ several times, she ran to tell the manager. (l.14)
a. Repeating the cry b. While the cry was repeated
c. The cry being repeated d. Having repeated the cry

8 ---- admitted that _____ to break into the shop during the night, he had got stuck in the chimney. (ll.20-21)
a. although he had tried b. while he has tried c. in trying d. it was he who had tried
In speaking to him, I found him nervous.

Vocabulary
9 She _____ the cry several times, so she ran … (ll.14-15)
a. heard b. listened to c. listened for d. earmarked

10 They located the chimney _____ by tapping …(ll.16-17)
a. on the right b. well c. right away d. correctly

11 The blackened figure that emerged was _____ sight. (l.20)
a. an ugly b. a sorry c. an apologetic d. a poor
12 The sorry-looking blackened figure that _____ , admitted at once … (l.20)
a. came to light b. came up c. went out d. got out
emerge (侧重强调公布于众) ： come to light
本文表示出来
come up 意外发生 We have to cancel our appointment because something urgent has just come up.

【Key to Multiple choice questions】
1. C 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. C 6. D 7. C 8. C 9. A 10. D 11. B 12. D