Lesson 1
★New Words and Expressions
☆private adj.私人的
如果妈妈想看你的信，你可以说：It's my private letter.
如果陌生人想进你的房子，你可以说：It's my private house.
private life 私生活
由此引申出privacy n.隐私
新东方是private school(私立学校），与此相反，公立学校是public school.所以，private的反义词是public.
eg.public 公众；public letter 公开信；public place 公共场所
private还有一个值得注意的意思：普通的。
如：private citizen 普通公民；private soldier 大兵
我们熟悉的《拯救大兵瑞恩》就是《Private Ryan》
☆conversation n.谈话
subject of conversation 话题。（天气是英国人最喜爱的话题）
几种谈话：
talk 内容可以正式，也可以私人
conversation 一般用于正式文体中，内容上往往不正式
dialogue 对话，可以指正式国家与国家会谈。
eg.China and Korea are having a dialogue.
chat 闲聊，就是北京人说的“侃”，说的是无关紧要的事。
gossip 嚼舌头，说长道短
用法：have a +...
☆theatre n.剧场，戏剧
[记忆]cinema 电影院
☆seat n.座位
这个词很重要，考试常考。
have a good seat,这里的seat指place，而不是chair。
take a seat/take your seat 坐下来，就坐
下面这个句子在口语、电影里很常见：Is the seat taken?
请坐的3种说法：
Sit down,please.(命令性）
take your seat,please.
Be seated,please.(更礼貌）
考点：作为动词的seat与sit的区别
sit--vi; seat--vt
seat sb 让某人就坐
When all those present___he began his lecture.(D) (重点题）
A.sit B.set C.seated D.were seated
A,B改为sat就对了
☆angry adj.生气的
cross=angry
☆attention n.注意
Attention,please.
pay attention 注意
pay attention to 对……注意
pay a little/much/more/no attention
☆bear(bore,boren) v.容忍
忍受的几种说法：bear,stand,endure,put up with
bear->stand->endure 忍受的极限在扩大
pur up with=bear=stand
bear n.熊
give sb a bear hug 给某人热情（热烈）的拥抱
☆business n.事，生意
business man 生意人 do business 做生意
go to some place on business 因公出差
business:某人自己的私人的事情
thing：可以指事情，也可以指东西
★Text
Last week,I went to the theatre.I had a very good seat.The play was very interesting.I didn't enjoy it.A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me.They were talking loudly.I got very angry.I could not hear the actors.I turned round.I looked at the man and the woman angrily.They didnot pay any attention.In the end,I couldnot bear it.I turned round again."I can't hear a word."I said angrily."It's none of your business."The young man said rudely."It's a private conversation!"
☆go to the+地点：表示去某地干嘛
go to the cinema=see a film
go to the +人+'s:表示去这个人开的店
go to the doctor's 去看病
go to the butcher's 买肉
go to the dairy(奶品店）
go to +地点：去某地做相关的事
go to school 去上学； go to church 去做礼拜； go to hospital 去看病 go home 回家休息
[注]跟home相连一定表示没有事情可做，休闲
☆enjoy
enjoy oneself 玩得开心
enjoy+sth 喜欢（从中得到一种享受） （后面不能加人）
I enjoy the music/book/dinner/film/program.
☆过去进行时态：过去的某个时间正在发生的动作
一个故事的背景往往用进行时态描述。
eg.The girl was reading a book in the garden.A boy came to her.
☆got 变得
I am/was angry.（是个事实）
I got angry.（强调变化过程）
got取代be动词。got是半联系动词，可以直接加形容词。
☆说话的时候喜欢用缩略：I'm not,he isn't,they aren't
写的时候会说：I am not,he is not,they are not
☆hear：听见 hear+人：听见某人的话
I couldn't hear you.Beg your pardon?
I couldn't hear a word.（夸张）
I couldn't catch your words.
a word 等于一句话
eg.He didn't say a word.
May I speak to Jim?=May I have a word with Jim?
Lesson 2 Breakfast or lunch
★New words and expression_rs
☆until prep.直到
后面加（时间状语）从句，前面就是主句
区分“直到……才”（not until)和“直到……为止”(until)的方法：
把until作为时间终止线。从句的时间终点之前，这个动作做了还是没做？
做了——肯定；没做——否定。
eg:For he___until it stopped raining.
A.waited B.didn't wait (A)
A.leave. B.left C.didn't leave (C)
☆outside adv.外面（作状语）
eg:He is waiting for me outside.
☆ring(rang,rung) v.（铃、电话等）响
[注]这种响是刺耳的，往往是提醒人做某事
如：The telephone/door bell is ringing.
而风铃等响要用jingle
jingle(bell):（铃儿）响叮当
v.给某人打电话：ring sb
n.打电话：give sb a ring
Remember to ring me.=Remember to give me a ring.
n.戒指
☆aunt n.姑，姨，婶，舅母
所有长一辈的女性都用这个称呼
与此相同，男性则是uncle
他们的孩子：cousin：堂兄妹（不分男女）
cousin的孩子：nephew：外甥，niece：外甥女[记：“捏死”]
★Text
It was Sunday.I never get up early on Sundays.I sometimes stay in bed until lunch time.Last Sunday,I got up very late.I looked out of the window.It was dark outside."What a day!"I thought.It's raining again.Just then,the telephone rang.It was my aunt Lucy."I've just arrived by train."she said."I'm coming to see you.""But I'm still having breakfast."I said."What are you doing?"She asked."I'm having breakfast."I repeated."Dear me!"She said."Do you always get up so late?It's one o'clock."
（由于我没有文本，以上是听写出来的，错误只处还望指正）
☆look out of
out of是固定搭配
☆感叹句
What+a/an+adj+n+主语+谓语
省略：1.主、谓随时可省
eg:What a good girl (she is)!
2.省形容词
[注]有上下文和一定的语境，才能省略形容词。不能给对方造成误解。
如本文的What a day!根据上下文的It was dark outside.和It's raining again .可以推断出省略的是terrible.
☆It was my aunt Lucy.
如果不知道对方性别时，可以用it取代。
如有人敲门，可以问：Who is it?
☆by train
by直接加交通工具（不能有任何修饰词、复数）
如果加修饰词，就要换掉by，用in或on
I go out by bus.
若是两辆：I go out in/on two buses.
☆I'm coming to see you.我将要来看你。
用come的现在进行时态be coming表示一般将来
同样的用法还有：go,come,leave,arrive,land,meet,die,start,return,join...
前4个一定要记住
☆天哪！英国人说Dear me!或My dear!
美国人说：My god!(o发啊的音）
★Key strucrures关键句型
本课的重点句型是现在进行和一般现在。
now：现在进行时（说话的当时正在发生，现阶段正在发生）
often，always：一般现在时
一般现在时，是一种习惯、真理，是过去、现在和未来都会发生的事情。
频率副词往往放在句子中间，实义动词前，非实义动词后。
如果既有实义动词又有非实义动词，要放在两个之间。
疑问句中副词往往放在主语后面。
非实义动词：1.系动词（be）
2.助动词：帮助动词构成时态的（do,does,will,shall,have,had,has）
3.情态动词（must,can,may）
除此之外都是实义动词。
Lesson 3 Please send me a card
★New words and expression_rs
☆send v.寄
寄信：send a letter
用法：send sth to sb/send sb sth
类似的用法还有give,take,pass,read,sell...
send/take children to school
区别：take：强调某人亲自送；
send则是通过第三人去送，如美国的校车
本课重点：双宾语
双宾语指直接宾语（表示动作结果）和间接宾语（表示动作目标）
如在give sb sth中，sb是间接宾语，sth是直接宾语
如果不是为了以后讲语法，不用分清什么是间接宾语，什么是直接宾语，只需把用法记住即可。
间接宾语在后面时，其前必须加to（对……而做，翻译为“给”）或for（为……而做，翻译为“替”）
可以翻译为“给”，“替”，“为”的，就用for；如果只能翻译为“给”就以用to
give a book to me;I buy a book for you.
总结：用for的词：buy,order,make,find
Do me a favor please.=Do a favor for me.
☆postcard n.明信片
[注意]/t/和/k/前者失去爆破?br>简写为card，由此引申出：
namecard/visiting card:名片
ID card:身份证
credit card:信用卡
cash card
☆spoil(spoiled or spoilt) v.使索然无味，损坏(重点词）
几种破坏：
打破玻璃用break；
damage:破坏，但是程度不一定很重；
destroy：破坏，彻底摧毁；
以上三个是指物理上的破坏，而spoil主要指精神上
spoil:把东西的质量变得不好了；生活中不顺心的事。
1.宠坏。His parents spoiled the boy.
2.毁了某人心情。His arrival spoiled my holiday.
☆museum n.博物馆
那么多博物馆一定要记住我们的Palace Museum(故宫）哦
☆public adj.公共的
这个词我们在第一课见过了，基本用法和private一起记。下面再说两点：
1.public house简称pub：酒吧
2.in public:公开的；in private:私下里的
☆friendly adj.友好的
以-ly结尾是形容词，同样的还有lovely
friendly单独用，一般做宾语来用
作为状语表示这个人做什么事情很友好，用短语in a friendly way
☆waiter n.服务员，招待员
waiter(男服务员），waitress（女服务员），只出现在餐馆里
领班：chief waiter
商店里的店员：shop assistant
其他公共场所的服务员:attendant
☆lend v.借给 lend to
借进：borrow borrow from
☆decision n.决定
make a big/great decision
v.decide
☆whole adj.整个的
the whole...
all the...
all of后面如果加代词，代词前面不需要修饰词
一旦要加名词，前面一定要加the
all of us;all of the students
★Text
Postcards always spoil my holidays.Last summer,I went to Italy.I visited the museums and sat in public gardens.A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian.Then he lent me a book.I read a few lines.I did not understand a word.Everyday I thought about postcards.On the last day,I made a big decision.I got up early and bought thiry-seven cards.I spent the whole day in my room,but I did not write a single card!
☆语言不可数，所以要用a little Italian或a few words of Italian
☆think about/of 考虑，思考，think of还可指想到
think over:仔细考虑
What do you think of the weather today?
冷：cold,chilly（凛冽），freeze:I'll freeze.（冻僵）
☆last summer里的last表示“上一个”
the last day里的last表示“最后一个”，表示“最后一个”时要加冠词the，这时前面要加介词
☆spend+时间+地点
eg:I spent three hours in the sea.
I spend a lot of time in traffic jam.(交通堵塞）
Lesson 4 An exciting trip
★New words and expression_rs
☆exciting adj.令人兴奋的
v.excite 激动->adj.excited ,exciting
-ed:自己感到；-ing：令人感到
如：interesting:令人感到有趣的；interested：感到有意思的
动词的宾语一定是人，让后面的人感到……
eg:The news excited me.
Rhe book interests me.
☆receive v.接受，收到
3个接受：
accept:同意接收，主观上乐意
receive（与have通用）：客观的收到 receive/have a letter from sb
eg:This morning I received a bunch of flowers from a boy,but I didn't accept it.
take:接受，与前两词无可比性，只需记住两个搭配：
take the exam;take advice
☆firm n.商行，公司
等同于company
☆abroad adv.在国外
注意是个副词，直接和动词连用，不需要介词
go/live/study abroad
★Text
I have just received a letter from my brother Tim.He is in Australia.He has been there for six months.Tim is an engineer.He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia.He ha just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs,a small town in the centre of Australia.He will soon visit Darwin.From there,he will fly to Perth.My brother has never benn abroad before,so he is finding this trip very exciting.
☆have been+in 地点
他已经到北京了：He has arrived in Beijing.
他到北京一年了，就不能用arrive了。因为arrive是表示点的动词，不能和段时间连用。所以用我们的新句型：have been in 地点
He has been in Beijing for one year.
☆work in 强调工作的地点
work for 强调work，不是在游逛，是在工作
☆a great number of后面一定要加可数名词复数
a lot of可加可数名词也可加不可数名词
它们是约等于的关系
I have a lot of/a great number of friends.
I have a lot of time.中的a lot of 就不能替换为a great number of了
☆have gone to :去了某地没回来
have been to :曾经去过某地，现在不在那个地方
☆from there:从那地方起
from既可以加时间又可以加地点
eg:from half past 8 to half past 11
from Beijing to Tianjin
☆fly to Perth=go to Perth by air
☆before用在句子的末尾是副词，翻译为“在此之前”，是现在完成时态的标志。
☆find+宾语+形容词做宾补
find trip exciting;find the room clean
注意，在本句中用的是find的进行时态。
在收听外台的广播中经常能听到find不用一般式，而用进行式。
eg:We're finding the program very exciting.
在写的时候用一般式，口语就用进行式
下面表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时态：
believe doubt see hear know understand belong think consider feel look seem show mind have sound taste require possess care like hate love detest desire
★第3课关键句型：一般过去式。
第4课关键句型：现在完成式。
第5课将总结一般过去式和现在完成式的相同点、不同点，用的时候要注意声明。
下面的几个词已出现就标志着完成式：just,before,already
Lesson 5 No wrong numbers
★New words and expression_rs
☆pigeon n.鸽子
口语里常说：It's not my pigeon.=None of my business.这不是我的过错
☆message n.信息（可数名词）
information 信息（不可数名词）
leave sb a message:给……留便条
I'll leave you a message.
take a message for sb:替……捎口信
此句在电话里非常常用，如果你要找的人不在，对方会说：
Can I take a message for you?
或者你可以说：Can you take a message for me?
☆cover v.越过
cover+距离：越过 cover the distance
☆distance n.距离
adj:distant
以-ce结尾的名词，形容词一般以-t结尾
如：importance--important;difference--different
keep distance:保持距离
中国人往往喜欢和人靠的很近，而英国人喜欢保持一定距离，他们认为自己周围的一切，包括空气都是自己的。所以在餐厅吃饭，想和英国人坐一桌，应该先问：Can I join you?或Can I share this table?而不要直接去坐。
☆request n.要求，请求
request for:对……有请求，需求
I have a request for the cake.
v.request sb to do sth=ask sb to do sth:要求某人做……
在口语中用require sb to do sth
外国人喜欢用被动：You're required/asked to do...
☆spare part 备件
☆service n.业务，服务
v.serve
(I'm glad to be)At your service. 我很乐意为您效劳。
[总结]对Thank you.的回答：
-That's all right./That' OK.绝对正确，绝对过时。只有老人还用，已渐渐背遗忘。
-You are welcome./Not at all./(It's)My pleasure./At your service.
在演讲讲座的结尾，演讲者会说：Thank you for your listening.此时以上回答都不准确，回应是报以热烈的掌声。
如果一个老外给你说Thank you.你一激动想不起怎么回答，最聪明的回答就是：No thanks.同样对sorry可以回答：No sorry.
★Text
Mr James Scott has a garage in Silbury and now he has just bought another garage in Pinhurst.Prinhurst is only five miles from Silbury,but Mr Scott cannot get a telephone for his new garage,so he has just bought twelve pigeons.Yesterday,a pigeon carried the first message from Pinhurst to Silbury.The bird covered the distance the first three minutes.Up to now,Mr Scott has sent a great many requests for spare parts and other urgent messages from one garage to the other.In this way,he has begun his own private 'telephone' service.
☆another:其它中的一个（+单数名词）
other(adj)+n（可为单数或复数） 其它的 other people/books
the other:两个之中的另外一个（直接用，后面什么也不加）
句型：One...the other...
eg:I have two sisters.One is watering the flowers,and the other is reading.
others=other+名词复数
句型：Some...others...
eg:Some boys are playing football,and others are rowing/going boating.
结合课后选择题（8）
Mr Scott has a garage in Silbury.His___garage is in Pinhurst.
A.another B.other C.else D.different
C错。else:其它的。else会放在被修饰词的后面。
它只能修饰两种词：1.疑问代词：who else,what else;2.不定代词：anyone else,anything else.
D错。
A和B语法上都对，但A不好。
原因：1.an/a是冠词；his/my/your是形容词性物主代词；my mother's是名词所有格。在语法上，以上三个词是不能同时并存的，一般要用只能用其中一个。
所以his和another=an+other不同时出现。
在这里可以用但是用的不好，是因为语法的范围正在放宽松。
2.another强调的是剩下的还有好几个当中的一个，强调的是有三个以上。
B.other加单数就表示一个，his取代the的位置。
☆距离的表达方式:Pinhurst is five miles(away)(from Silbury).
Bus stop is only one mile (from school/here).
对距离提问：How far...?
How far(away)is the bus stop?
☆get a telephone:安装电话
☆carry:带着，携着，意味着这个东西不会落地
I carry the bag.
take则是着地：I take my sister to the cinema.
☆a great many=a great number of (+可数名词复数） 许多
a lot of太简单了，把它放到一边吧，有舍才有得：）
☆关于way的几个短语：
※in this way:这样，以这种方式 in a friendly way
※by the way:顺便说以声（口语开头，用来转移话题，或使很严肃的问题变得较随意）
※on the way(to):在去……的途中（陈述句）
on the way to school/the office;on the way home
※in a way:从某种意义上来说
In a way,you are kind.
※in the way:
1.挡路：Sorry,you are in the way.但一般不需要说，只要说Excuse me.就行。
out of the way:让路
如果那个人死活不给你让路，你说：Get out of the way!滚开！
2.=in this way
记住一个句型：I do...in the way you showed me.
eg:I fly the kite in the way you showed me.
但是in the family way不是以家庭的方式，而是指have a baby.
※get one's own way:随心所欲
★课后题学到的
☆4:表语从句
That's why+从句：那就是……的原因，前者是原因，why后面是结果
I was caught in the traffic jam.That's why I was late.
be动词后面是表语，后面的从句是表语从句。
That's后面的表语从句常常用特殊疑问词引导，再加一个句子。
That's when we can start class.
That's where we will have a meeting.
That's how I get to school.
☆时态填空
一般过去时标志：yesterday;
in+具体的过去年代是具体的过去时间；
when对时间点提问：要不然和将来时连用，一般情况when的出现意味着一般过去时，现在完成时会用How long定位。
现在完成时的标志：
up till now=up to now/yet/already/just/before/How long
动词的时态第一种概念：根据这句话本身找关键词；
完形填空一句话得出的结论不一定是正确的，往往要根据上下文的时间得出时态。
★New Words and Expressions
☆private adj.私人的
如果妈妈想看你的信，你可以说：It's my private letter.
如果陌生人想进你的房子，你可以说：It's my private house.
private life 私生活
由此引申出privacy n.隐私
新东方是private school(私立学校），与此相反，公立学校是public school.所以，private的反义词是public.
eg.public 公众；public letter 公开信；public place 公共场所
private还有一个值得注意的意思：普通的。
如：private citizen 普通公民；private soldier 大兵
我们熟悉的《拯救大兵瑞恩》就是《Private Ryan》
☆conversation n.谈话
subject of conversation 话题。（天气是英国人最喜爱的话题）
几种谈话：
talk 内容可以正式，也可以私人
conversation 一般用于正式文体中，内容上往往不正式
dialogue 对话，可以指正式国家与国家会谈。
eg.China and Korea are having a dialogue.
chat 闲聊，就是北京人说的“侃”，说的是无关紧要的事。
gossip 嚼舌头，说长道短
用法：have a +...
☆theatre n.剧场，戏剧
[记忆]cinema 电影院
☆seat n.座位
这个词很重要，考试常考。
have a good seat,这里的seat指place，而不是chair。
take a seat/take your seat 坐下来，就坐
下面这个句子在口语、电影里很常见：Is the seat taken?
请坐的3种说法：
Sit down,please.(命令性）
take your seat,please.
Be seated,please.(更礼貌）
考点：作为动词的seat与sit的区别
sit--vi; seat--vt
seat sb 让某人就坐
When all those present___he began his lecture.(D) (重点题）
A.sit B.set C.seated D.were seated
A,B改为sat就对了
☆angry adj.生气的
cross=angry
☆attention n.注意
Attention,please.
pay attention 注意
pay attention to 对……注意
pay a little/much/more/no attention
☆bear(bore,boren) v.容忍
忍受的几种说法：bear,stand,endure,put up with
bear->stand->endure 忍受的极限在扩大
pur up with=bear=stand
bear n.熊
give sb a bear hug 给某人热情（热烈）的拥抱
☆business n.事，生意
business man 生意人 do business 做生意
go to some place on business 因公出差
business:某人自己的私人的事情
thing：可以指事情，也可以指东西
★Text
Last week,I went to the theatre.I had a very good seat.The play was very interesting.I didn't enjoy it.A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me.They were talking loudly.I got very angry.I could not hear the actors.I turned round.I looked at the man and the woman angrily.They didnot pay any attention.In the end,I couldnot bear it.I turned round again."I can't hear a word."I said angrily."It's none of your business."The young man said rudely."It's a private conversation!"
☆go to the+地点：表示去某地干嘛
go to the cinema=see a film
go to the +人+'s:表示去这个人开的店
go to the doctor's 去看病
go to the butcher's 买肉
go to the dairy(奶品店）
go to +地点：去某地做相关的事
go to school 去上学； go to church 去做礼拜； go to hospital 去看病 go home 回家休息
[注]跟home相连一定表示没有事情可做，休闲
☆enjoy
enjoy oneself 玩得开心
enjoy+sth 喜欢（从中得到一种享受） （后面不能加人）
I enjoy the music/book/dinner/film/program.
☆过去进行时态：过去的某个时间正在发生的动作
一个故事的背景往往用进行时态描述。
eg.The girl was reading a book in the garden.A boy came to her.
☆got 变得
I am/was angry.（是个事实）
I got angry.（强调变化过程）
got取代be动词。got是半联系动词，可以直接加形容词。
☆说话的时候喜欢用缩略：I'm not,he isn't,they aren't
写的时候会说：I am not,he is not,they are not
☆hear：听见 hear+人：听见某人的话
I couldn't hear you.Beg your pardon?
I couldn't hear a word.（夸张）
I couldn't catch your words.
a word 等于一句话
eg.He didn't say a word.
May I speak to Jim?=May I have a word with Jim?
Lesson 2 Breakfast or lunch
★New words and expression_rs
☆until prep.直到
后面加（时间状语）从句，前面就是主句
区分“直到……才”（not until)和“直到……为止”(until)的方法：
把until作为时间终止线。从句的时间终点之前，这个动作做了还是没做？
做了——肯定；没做——否定。
eg:For he___until it stopped raining.
A.waited B.didn't wait (A)
A.leave. B.left C.didn't leave (C)
☆outside adv.外面（作状语）
eg:He is waiting for me outside.
☆ring(rang,rung) v.（铃、电话等）响
[注]这种响是刺耳的，往往是提醒人做某事
如：The telephone/door bell is ringing.
而风铃等响要用jingle
jingle(bell):（铃儿）响叮当
v.给某人打电话：ring sb
n.打电话：give sb a ring
Remember to ring me.=Remember to give me a ring.
n.戒指
☆aunt n.姑，姨，婶，舅母
所有长一辈的女性都用这个称呼
与此相同，男性则是uncle
他们的孩子：cousin：堂兄妹（不分男女）
cousin的孩子：nephew：外甥，niece：外甥女[记：“捏死”]
★Text
It was Sunday.I never get up early on Sundays.I sometimes stay in bed until lunch time.Last Sunday,I got up very late.I looked out of the window.It was dark outside."What a day!"I thought.It's raining again.Just then,the telephone rang.It was my aunt Lucy."I've just arrived by train."she said."I'm coming to see you.""But I'm still having breakfast."I said."What are you doing?"She asked."I'm having breakfast."I repeated."Dear me!"She said."Do you always get up so late?It's one o'clock."
（由于我没有文本，以上是听写出来的，错误只处还望指正）
☆look out of
out of是固定搭配
☆感叹句
What+a/an+adj+n+主语+谓语
省略：1.主、谓随时可省
eg:What a good girl (she is)!
2.省形容词
[注]有上下文和一定的语境，才能省略形容词。不能给对方造成误解。
如本文的What a day!根据上下文的It was dark outside.和It's raining again .可以推断出省略的是terrible.
☆It was my aunt Lucy.
如果不知道对方性别时，可以用it取代。
如有人敲门，可以问：Who is it?
☆by train
by直接加交通工具（不能有任何修饰词、复数）
如果加修饰词，就要换掉by，用in或on
I go out by bus.
若是两辆：I go out in/on two buses.
☆I'm coming to see you.我将要来看你。
用come的现在进行时态be coming表示一般将来
同样的用法还有：go,come,leave,arrive,land,meet,die,start,return,join...
前4个一定要记住
☆天哪！英国人说Dear me!或My dear!
美国人说：My god!(o发啊的音）
★Key strucrures关键句型
本课的重点句型是现在进行和一般现在。
now：现在进行时（说话的当时正在发生，现阶段正在发生）
often，always：一般现在时
一般现在时，是一种习惯、真理，是过去、现在和未来都会发生的事情。
频率副词往往放在句子中间，实义动词前，非实义动词后。
如果既有实义动词又有非实义动词，要放在两个之间。
疑问句中副词往往放在主语后面。
非实义动词：1.系动词（be）
2.助动词：帮助动词构成时态的（do,does,will,shall,have,had,has）
3.情态动词（must,can,may）
除此之外都是实义动词。
Lesson 3 Please send me a card
★New words and expression_rs
☆send v.寄
寄信：send a letter
用法：send sth to sb/send sb sth
类似的用法还有give,take,pass,read,sell...
send/take children to school
区别：take：强调某人亲自送；
send则是通过第三人去送，如美国的校车
本课重点：双宾语
双宾语指直接宾语（表示动作结果）和间接宾语（表示动作目标）
如在give sb sth中，sb是间接宾语，sth是直接宾语
如果不是为了以后讲语法，不用分清什么是间接宾语，什么是直接宾语，只需把用法记住即可。
间接宾语在后面时，其前必须加to（对……而做，翻译为“给”）或for（为……而做，翻译为“替”）
可以翻译为“给”，“替”，“为”的，就用for；如果只能翻译为“给”就以用to
give a book to me;I buy a book for you.
总结：用for的词：buy,order,make,find
Do me a favor please.=Do a favor for me.
☆postcard n.明信片
[注意]/t/和/k/前者失去爆破?br>简写为card，由此引申出：
namecard/visiting card:名片
ID card:身份证
credit card:信用卡
cash card
☆spoil(spoiled or spoilt) v.使索然无味，损坏(重点词）
几种破坏：
打破玻璃用break；
damage:破坏，但是程度不一定很重；
destroy：破坏，彻底摧毁；
以上三个是指物理上的破坏，而spoil主要指精神上
spoil:把东西的质量变得不好了；生活中不顺心的事。
1.宠坏。His parents spoiled the boy.
2.毁了某人心情。His arrival spoiled my holiday.
☆museum n.博物馆
那么多博物馆一定要记住我们的Palace Museum(故宫）哦
☆public adj.公共的
这个词我们在第一课见过了，基本用法和private一起记。下面再说两点：
1.public house简称pub：酒吧
2.in public:公开的；in private:私下里的
☆friendly adj.友好的
以-ly结尾是形容词，同样的还有lovely
friendly单独用，一般做宾语来用
作为状语表示这个人做什么事情很友好，用短语in a friendly way
☆waiter n.服务员，招待员
waiter(男服务员），waitress（女服务员），只出现在餐馆里
领班：chief waiter
商店里的店员：shop assistant
其他公共场所的服务员:attendant
☆lend v.借给 lend to
借进：borrow borrow from
☆decision n.决定
make a big/great decision
v.decide
☆whole adj.整个的
the whole...
all the...
all of后面如果加代词，代词前面不需要修饰词
一旦要加名词，前面一定要加the
all of us;all of the students
★Text
Postcards always spoil my holidays.Last summer,I went to Italy.I visited the museums and sat in public gardens.A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian.Then he lent me a book.I read a few lines.I did not understand a word.Everyday I thought about postcards.On the last day,I made a big decision.I got up early and bought thiry-seven cards.I spent the whole day in my room,but I did not write a single card!
☆语言不可数，所以要用a little Italian或a few words of Italian
☆think about/of 考虑，思考，think of还可指想到
think over:仔细考虑
What do you think of the weather today?
冷：cold,chilly（凛冽），freeze:I'll freeze.（冻僵）
☆last summer里的last表示“上一个”
the last day里的last表示“最后一个”，表示“最后一个”时要加冠词the，这时前面要加介词
☆spend+时间+地点
eg:I spent three hours in the sea.
I spend a lot of time in traffic jam.(交通堵塞）
Lesson 4 An exciting trip
★New words and expression_rs
☆exciting adj.令人兴奋的
v.excite 激动->adj.excited ,exciting
-ed:自己感到；-ing：令人感到
如：interesting:令人感到有趣的；interested：感到有意思的
动词的宾语一定是人，让后面的人感到……
eg:The news excited me.
Rhe book interests me.
☆receive v.接受，收到
3个接受：
accept:同意接收，主观上乐意
receive（与have通用）：客观的收到 receive/have a letter from sb
eg:This morning I received a bunch of flowers from a boy,but I didn't accept it.
take:接受，与前两词无可比性，只需记住两个搭配：
take the exam;take advice
☆firm n.商行，公司
等同于company
☆abroad adv.在国外
注意是个副词，直接和动词连用，不需要介词
go/live/study abroad
★Text
I have just received a letter from my brother Tim.He is in Australia.He has been there for six months.Tim is an engineer.He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia.He ha just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs,a small town in the centre of Australia.He will soon visit Darwin.From there,he will fly to Perth.My brother has never benn abroad before,so he is finding this trip very exciting.
☆have been+in 地点
他已经到北京了：He has arrived in Beijing.
他到北京一年了，就不能用arrive了。因为arrive是表示点的动词，不能和段时间连用。所以用我们的新句型：have been in 地点
He has been in Beijing for one year.
☆work in 强调工作的地点
work for 强调work，不是在游逛，是在工作
☆a great number of后面一定要加可数名词复数
a lot of可加可数名词也可加不可数名词
它们是约等于的关系
I have a lot of/a great number of friends.
I have a lot of time.中的a lot of 就不能替换为a great number of了
☆have gone to :去了某地没回来
have been to :曾经去过某地，现在不在那个地方
☆from there:从那地方起
from既可以加时间又可以加地点
eg:from half past 8 to half past 11
from Beijing to Tianjin
☆fly to Perth=go to Perth by air
☆before用在句子的末尾是副词，翻译为“在此之前”，是现在完成时态的标志。
☆find+宾语+形容词做宾补
find trip exciting;find the room clean
注意，在本句中用的是find的进行时态。
在收听外台的广播中经常能听到find不用一般式，而用进行式。
eg:We're finding the program very exciting.
在写的时候用一般式，口语就用进行式
下面表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时态：
believe doubt see hear know understand belong think consider feel look seem show mind have sound taste require possess care like hate love detest desire
★第3课关键句型：一般过去式。
第4课关键句型：现在完成式。
第5课将总结一般过去式和现在完成式的相同点、不同点，用的时候要注意声明。
下面的几个词已出现就标志着完成式：just,before,already
Lesson 5 No wrong numbers
★New words and expression_rs
☆pigeon n.鸽子
口语里常说：It's not my pigeon.=None of my business.这不是我的过错
☆message n.信息（可数名词）
information 信息（不可数名词）
leave sb a message:给……留便条
I'll leave you a message.
take a message for sb:替……捎口信
此句在电话里非常常用，如果你要找的人不在，对方会说：
Can I take a message for you?
或者你可以说：Can you take a message for me?
☆cover v.越过
cover+距离：越过 cover the distance
☆distance n.距离
adj:distant
以-ce结尾的名词，形容词一般以-t结尾
如：importance--important;difference--different
keep distance:保持距离
中国人往往喜欢和人靠的很近，而英国人喜欢保持一定距离，他们认为自己周围的一切，包括空气都是自己的。所以在餐厅吃饭，想和英国人坐一桌，应该先问：Can I join you?或Can I share this table?而不要直接去坐。
☆request n.要求，请求
request for:对……有请求，需求
I have a request for the cake.
v.request sb to do sth=ask sb to do sth:要求某人做……
在口语中用require sb to do sth
外国人喜欢用被动：You're required/asked to do...
☆spare part 备件
☆service n.业务，服务
v.serve
(I'm glad to be)At your service. 我很乐意为您效劳。
[总结]对Thank you.的回答：
-That's all right./That' OK.绝对正确，绝对过时。只有老人还用，已渐渐背遗忘。
-You are welcome./Not at all./(It's)My pleasure./At your service.
在演讲讲座的结尾，演讲者会说：Thank you for your listening.此时以上回答都不准确，回应是报以热烈的掌声。
如果一个老外给你说Thank you.你一激动想不起怎么回答，最聪明的回答就是：No thanks.同样对sorry可以回答：No sorry.
★Text
Mr James Scott has a garage in Silbury and now he has just bought another garage in Pinhurst.Prinhurst is only five miles from Silbury,but Mr Scott cannot get a telephone for his new garage,so he has just bought twelve pigeons.Yesterday,a pigeon carried the first message from Pinhurst to Silbury.The bird covered the distance the first three minutes.Up to now,Mr Scott has sent a great many requests for spare parts and other urgent messages from one garage to the other.In this way,he has begun his own private 'telephone' service.
☆another:其它中的一个（+单数名词）
other(adj)+n（可为单数或复数） 其它的 other people/books
the other:两个之中的另外一个（直接用，后面什么也不加）
句型：One...the other...
eg:I have two sisters.One is watering the flowers,and the other is reading.
others=other+名词复数
句型：Some...others...
eg:Some boys are playing football,and others are rowing/going boating.
结合课后选择题（8）
Mr Scott has a garage in Silbury.His___garage is in Pinhurst.
A.another B.other C.else D.different
C错。else:其它的。else会放在被修饰词的后面。
它只能修饰两种词：1.疑问代词：who else,what else;2.不定代词：anyone else,anything else.
D错。
A和B语法上都对，但A不好。
原因：1.an/a是冠词；his/my/your是形容词性物主代词；my mother's是名词所有格。在语法上，以上三个词是不能同时并存的，一般要用只能用其中一个。
所以his和another=an+other不同时出现。
在这里可以用但是用的不好，是因为语法的范围正在放宽松。
2.another强调的是剩下的还有好几个当中的一个，强调的是有三个以上。
B.other加单数就表示一个，his取代the的位置。
☆距离的表达方式:Pinhurst is five miles(away)(from Silbury).
Bus stop is only one mile (from school/here).
对距离提问：How far...?
How far(away)is the bus stop?
☆get a telephone:安装电话
☆carry:带着，携着，意味着这个东西不会落地
I carry the bag.
take则是着地：I take my sister to the cinema.
☆a great many=a great number of (+可数名词复数） 许多
a lot of太简单了，把它放到一边吧，有舍才有得：）
☆关于way的几个短语：
※in this way:这样，以这种方式 in a friendly way
※by the way:顺便说以声（口语开头，用来转移话题，或使很严肃的问题变得较随意）
※on the way(to):在去……的途中（陈述句）
on the way to school/the office;on the way home
※in a way:从某种意义上来说
In a way,you are kind.
※in the way:
1.挡路：Sorry,you are in the way.但一般不需要说，只要说Excuse me.就行。
out of the way:让路
如果那个人死活不给你让路，你说：Get out of the way!滚开！
2.=in this way
记住一个句型：I do...in the way you showed me.
eg:I fly the kite in the way you showed me.
但是in the family way不是以家庭的方式，而是指have a baby.
※get one's own way:随心所欲
★课后题学到的
☆4:表语从句
That's why+从句：那就是……的原因，前者是原因，why后面是结果
I was caught in the traffic jam.That's why I was late.
be动词后面是表语，后面的从句是表语从句。
That's后面的表语从句常常用特殊疑问词引导，再加一个句子。
That's when we can start class.
That's where we will have a meeting.
That's how I get to school.
☆时态填空
一般过去时标志：yesterday;
in+具体的过去年代是具体的过去时间；
when对时间点提问：要不然和将来时连用，一般情况when的出现意味着一般过去时，现在完成时会用How long定位。
现在完成时的标志：
up till now=up to now/yet/already/just/before/How long
动词的时态第一种概念：根据这句话本身找关键词；
完形填空一句话得出的结论不一定是正确的，往往要根据上下文的时间得出时态。
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