美丽新世界

 

高一英语(Units 18~20 SBI(B))

I.重点词组

1.be made up of  由……组成                            2.lie to /in/on  位于……

3.the same size as… 和……同样大小                      4.be used to do 被用来做某事

5.take possession of  占有,占领                           6.sign an agreement with  和……签订协议

7.refer to 提到;谈到;查阅                                8.match…with…  把……和……搭配起来

9.in relation to 与……有关联;关于                        10.compare…with 把……和……比较

11.have a population of  有…人口                         12.be marked with 做…记号

13.turn to doing 转为做……                              14.go sailing 驾船航行

15.have an effect on  对……有影响                        16.go against  违背

17.bring in    引进                                     18.depend on  依靠

19.A variety of  各种                                    20.pass on  传递下去

21.from generation to generation  一代代的                  22.act the role of  演……角色

23.in tears  在流泪                                      24.act out  创设;表演

25.date back to   追溯到……                             26.be satisfied with   对……感到满意

27.knock…off  把……撞下来                             28.look on…as   把…….当作

29.in common with  和……一样

II.常见句型

1.New Zealand is an island that  lies off the eastern coast of Australia.

2.It is made up of two large  islands.

3.It is about the same size as  Japan.

4.New Zealand wine is of high quality.

5.It is on this arable land that the farmers produce food…

6.Two or more crops are planted each year where possible.

7.It was developed using a technique…

8.It is a song with laughter in tears.

9.Two days later I received a letter offering me the job.

10.He was angry with me for having been so rude.

III.主要语法

     1.it在句子中可作为人称代词或非人称代词;it作形式主语.连词that引导的主语从句或不定式作主语放到句末.(参见SBIB,p.42 Checkpoint 18)

     2.强调句基本句型结构It is /was…that/who…(参见SBIB,p.49 Checkpoint 19)

     3.动词-ing形式在句中作定语或宾补. (参见SBIB,p.56Checkpoint 20)

考点提示

1.不定代词

   不定代词的用法难点

1)this,that,it,one

 this 指下文提到的事;可用作so;that指上文提到的事,指代词不可数名词,可用作so。如:

  What he did is this.(意思是He paid off the debt.)

  The weather in  Xiamen is better than that in Fuzhou.   I can only give you this much.

  We can’t believe they are that foolish.

2)no one,none,nothing

   no one 单独使用,只用于指人; none一般与of连用,指人或物. none强调数的概念,在回答有关数量问题时,一般用none; nothing表示“什么也没有,没有东西”,作主语、宾语或表语.如：

No one can answer the difficult question.

_How many foreign coins have you collected?  _None.

Nothing can stop us from going there.

3)全部否定和部分否定

all,both,everyone,everybody,eveything以及every+名词都表示全部肯定;

no one,none,nobody,nothing,not…any以及no+名词都表示全部否定;但当not 出现在含有表示全部肯定的不定代词的句子中,不管not在它们之前或之后都表示部分否定.如:

Both of them hasn’t been there.=Only one of them has been there.

All bamboo doesn’t grow tall.=Not all bamboo grows tall.=Some bamboo grows tall,but some doesn’t.

4)another,other,the other,others,the others 的用法一览表

 

不定代词	意义	用法说明
another	任何一个,另一个	指三者或三者以上中的任何一个,用作代词或形容词
other	另外的	只作定语,常与复数名词或单数不可数名词连用,但如果前面有the,this,that,some, any,each,every,no one 及my,your,his等时,则与单数名词连用.如any other plant,the other day.
the other	两者中的另一个	常与one 连用,构成one…the other..;作定语修饰复数名词时,表示“全部其余的”.
others	泛指别的人或物	是other的复数形式,泛指别的人或物(但不是全部),不能作定语,构成some…others…
the others	特指其余的人或物	是the other的复数形式,特指其余的人或物.

2.活用训练

(1)_Have you any money with you ?I need some badly. _Sorry,but____at all.

A.not                 B.nothing       C.none               D.quite a little

(2)No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to ___.

A.none             B.no one        C.no                 D.not any

(3)David has lived in London and Paris,but he doesn’t like ____city very much.

A.both              B.either           C.each               D.another

(4)_Is there anyone who is going to the Great Wall? -_____.

1. None             B.No one        C.No                 D.Not any

(5)_Do you speak Chinese or Japanese?  _I don’t speak ___ of them.

A.none             B.no one        C.no                 D.not any

  知识梳理

 1.重点词汇

(1)beyond 介词,在那一边;超过

常用短语:beyond   description   难以描绘   beyond all praise   令人赞叹不已

(2)population作主语时该词谓语动词常用单数,但当其前有百分数或分数时,谓语动词常用复数;修饰population时,用large或small.

(3)refer to  指…….;谈到……;查阅…… refer不论是作及物还是不及物动词,都必须与 to连用. to是介词,不可省略.

(4)make up 组成,被动为be made up of .

(5)depend on/upon sb.(=trust) 相信,依赖某人.我们还可以说depend on/upon sb. to do sth. 依赖某人做某事; It/That depends.依情况而定.

(6)mean to do sth. 打算做某事; mean doing sth. 意味着做某事

(7)appreciate  意为“赏识”、“感激”.后面常接名词或V-ing形式作宾语.

(8)popular 作形容词,常与with 连用,表示“受……喜爱的”.

2.用法辨异

(1)lie/be    to:在某处范围之外,不强调是否接壤

in:在某处范围之内

on在某处交界处

(2)take place强调必然性或按事先的安排或计划而发生；happen强调偶然意外性；come about 一般意义上的发生。[注意]上述表示“发生”意义 的词不使用人做主语，而且均不用于被动语态中。

(3)deep:作副词用于指深浅的深。  deeply:作副词用来指程度，深深地，强烈地。

(4)knock out of     从……敲出  knock over 撞翻   knock down 撞倒  knock off 撞下来

(5)compare …to  把……比作……   compare…with   把……与……进行比较   compared  with/to 和…….相比

3.常用句型

(1)    New Zealand wine is of high quality and is sold all over the world.新西兰的酒质量相当好并且行销全世界.(SBIB p.42)

    be of great(much) value  /importance/use/help=be very valuable/important/useful/helpful  

be of+抽象名词=be +名词的相应的形容词

be of a/an/the/the same(“属于,归于”,这类抽象名词没有相应的形容词形式)

   (2)To make as much use of the land as possible,two or more crops are planted each year where possible.   为了尽可能使用这些土地,人们在可能的地方尽量套种两种甚至更多的庄稼.(SBIB p.45)

    当从句的主语和主句的主语是同一个主语或为it时,且谓语为be的各种形式时,从句中的主语和be 可一起省略.

    (3)Dating back to the Qin Dynasty(221-207BC),the traditional cross talk shows,or Xiangsheng shows,have made people all over China roar with laughter for centuries. 传统的相声表演起源于秦朝(公元前221年-公元前207年),让全中国人笑了好几个世纪.

[注意]分词短语作状语时,其主语与主句的主语应该一致.

4.活用训练

(1)The teacher told the students, “ Read the paragraph____I referred in my lecture”.

1. to that            B.that              C.which              D.to which

(2)I wonder if he has the same opinion______.

1. like                B.like mine            C.as I            D.as mine

(3)They turned out more than 2000 TVsets,most of which____quality.

1. is good        B.   are good        C.   is of high      D.are of high

(4)____in a friendly way,their quarrel came to an end.

A. Being settled   B. Settled      C. Having settled    D.Settling

(5)Hainan province lies____the south of China,____the south of Guangdong.It faces South Sea ____the south.

A.in,to,on            B.to,on,in             C.in,in,to             D.on,to,in

(6)It was nine o’clock____I  met him in the morning.

A.that                   B.before              C.when         D.until

(7)I can’t remember____you started doing the work.

A.that it was when             B.when it was that  C.when was it that             D.that was it when

(8)It is ____who___wrong.    A.me,am          B.me,is              C.I,am    D.I,is

(9)I appreciate ______the effort to come.

A.your making       B.you make  C.you to make  D.that you make

(10)In order to make a ____study of the animals,the scientists lived_____in the forest.

A.further,farther               B.far,farther   C.farther,farther               D.farther,far

例题解析

1.She has set a new record,that is the sales of her lastest book____50 million.(2004 福建卷)

A.have reached   B.has reached    C.are reaching    D.had reached

答案:A.本题考查动词时态用法.D不符合语境;the sales of her latest book是主语,谓语应采用复数形式,排除B;用现在完成时态表示动作的持续性,故用A.

2.Mr.Smith,___of the ___speech,started to read a novel.(2003北京春招卷)

A.tired,boring     B.tiring,bored        C.tired,bored       D.tiring,boring

答案:A.此题考查现在分词和过去分词的区别.“tired,moved,interested,excited”等过去分词叙述的是人的本身感受;“tiring,moving,interesting,exciting”等现在分词叙述的是某一物或事给予别人的感受.

3.An awful accident___,however,occur the other day.(2000年上海卷)

A.does    B.did        C.has to           D.had to

答案:B.此题考查助动词do/did/does表示强调的用法.do/did/does+动词原形,表示“的确发生了……”,注意句子的时态、人称和数的变化都表现在助动词do上.

4.It took me quite a long time to get there.It was ____journey.(2005北京春招卷)

   A.three-hour  B.a three hour C.a three-hour  D.three hours

答案：C。本题考查形容词构词法“数词词干+名词词干”，该项形容词修饰名词journey，而 journey为可数名词故应和冠词 a连用.

5.Naturally,after I told her what to do,my daughter____go and do the opposite!(2003年安徽春季卷)

A.may             B.can                 C.must                D.should

答案：C.must含有“总要”，“偏要”之意，表示不可避免或不希望发生的事，符合句意.