常见词语搭配(一)
(2009-03-23 07:19:45)
标签:
词语搭配教育 |
分类: (00600)高级英语 |
(学习英语的朋友们都会有这样的体会:有时候很想用一个单词,可是偏偏不清楚(或是想不起来)它应当和什么词搭配,于是只好忍痛割爱。所以狒狒在这里略微总结了一些常见的名词的搭配,包括和这个名词搭配的形容词以及动词,以连载的形式贴出来,希望能起到抛砖引玉的作用,对大家有所帮助。
本文在写作过程中,参考了《常用词搭配》、《大学英语语法详解》以及诸多词典,在此向作者表示感谢!
1. Ability
这恐怕是人人都认识的了,通常一看到这个词,我们往往会想起这样的搭配:have the ability to do sth.,没错,和have搭配是正确的用法,但是,你是否经常使用下面这些搭配呢?
1)show/display/exhibit:展示、显示
e.g. The girls displayed their great ability in singing and dancing at last night’s party.
2)develop:发展
e.g. In order to develop George’s organizing ability, Mr. Johnson appointed him monitor of the class. (注意这里的monitor前面不能加冠词哦!因为动词短语appoint是这样要求的)
3)doubt:怀疑
e.g. I have never doubted your ability to finish your job on time.
和ability搭配的形容词:
all-round (多方面的)
average (一般的)
2. Advice
说到这个词,大家首先想起的应该是give advice to sb.了吧?对,这是advice的一个常见用法,即“给予……意见”,下面让我们来看看advice与其他动词的搭配(切记advice是不可数名词):
1)seek:征求
e.g. He sought(注意seek的过去式形式) advice from his father about what job he should choose after graduation.
2)adopt/take/follow:采纳、听从(这可是很有用的表达法哦!)
e.g. It is not good for you to be so stubborn, try taking advice from others.
3)ignore:不考虑、置之不理
e.g. He ignored my advice, because he thought it would not work.
和advice搭配的形容词:
unpleasant but kind-hearted(很有用哦!意思是逆耳的忠言)
sensible(明智的)
expert(专家的)
3. Age
这个词也是我们常见的,通常我们都会用ask sb’s age,即询问某人的年龄,同时这个词还可以这样搭配:
1)divulge:透露
e.g. She refused to divulge her age.
2)come of age:成年
e.g. When you come of age, you will be allowed to vote at various elections.
3)reach:到达
e.g. When a man has reached 40, he has reached middle age.
和age搭配的形容词:
mental(心理的)
voting(投票的)
marriageable(适婚的)
4. Attention
见到这个词,大家首先想起的搭配应该是pay attention to吧,其实,attention这个词还可以和以下的动词搭配:
1)arouse one’s attention:引起某人的注意
e.g. The serious problem has aroused public attention.
2)distract one’s attention:分散某人的注意力
e.g. Don’t let video games distract your attention.
3)draw one’s attention to:引起某人对……的注意
e.g. The teacher drew our attention to the problem of juvenile delinquency.
和attention搭配的形容词:
pay close attention(密切的)
pay full attention(充分的)
pay further attention(进一步的)
5. Attitude
这个词是“态度”的意思,通常有以下搭配方法:
1)maintain:保持
e.g. I advise you to maintain the present attitude towards him until he tells you the truth.
2)adopt/assume:采取
e.g. No one likes him as he always assumes an attitude of superiority.
3)make one’s attitude clear:表明态度
e.g. We made our attitude clear by voting unanimously against the motion.
4)show/display/exhibit:表现出
e.g. When I asked them for their opinions, they all showed an attitude of indifference.
和attitude搭配的形容词;
optimistic(乐观的)
pessimistic(悲观的)
sympathetic(同情的)
open-minded(开明的)
6.audience
首先要注意这是个不可数名词,所以不要在后面加上s了。有以下搭配:
1) address:向……演说
这里的address是及物动词,所以不用加介词。
e.g. He will address an audience of about 5,000 tonight.
2) draw:吸引了
e.g. Professor Johnson’s lecture has drawn a large audience.
3) move:感动
e.g. The audience were all moved to tears.
4) applaude:拍手、鼓掌
e.g. The audience all applauded him for his courage.
和audience搭配的形容词:
attentive(专心的)
cynical(爱讥讽的)
enchanted(着了迷的)
frenzied(疯狂的)
hostile(不友好的)
listless(无精打采的)
unresponsive(没有反应的)
7.baby
这个词虽然简单,但是要掌握它的各种搭配却是不容易的,狒狒以前就知道个have a baby,下面就让我们来看看还有别的什么搭配:
1) lull/rock/sing a baby to sleep:哄/轻摇/唱歌使婴儿入睡
相信大家小时候都被这样子哄过吧?:)来看个例句:
e.g. Janet usually lulls her baby to sleep by singing to it and rocking the cradle.
怎么样,三个词都用上了吧?
2) feed:喂
e.g. It is not good enough for mothers to feed their babies on milk powder.
3) hold in one’s arms:抱在怀里
e.g. It is Mr. James who held the baby in his arms.
4) christen:进行洗礼并给予教名
这是一个在中国不太常用的意思,但是外国比较普遍,所以我们还是来了解一下。
e.g. They christened their baby James.
和baby搭配的形容词:
abandoned(弃婴)
new-born(新生的)
cute(惹人喜欢的)
8.banquet
这个词之所以会让许多人感到不熟悉,一是因为它的读音比较奇特,二是它也不好拼写。很多时候我们都不会想起来去用它,下面介绍它的搭配:
1) give/hold:举行
这是最常见的用法
e.g. We will give a farewell banquet to our English teacher, for he is going to retire nest semester.
2) attend:出席
e.g. I attended John’s wedding banquet last night.
3) serve:设宴
e.g. The president served a welcome banquet when the delegation came.
4) be entertained:被款待
这是entertain的一个不太常见的用法
e.g. I was hospitably entertained at a birthday banquet in the Grand Hotel.
和banquet搭配的形容词:
magnificient(盛大的)
handsome(排场十足的)
swank(炫耀的)
9.belief
说到这个词,相信大家第一个想起的就是hold the belief…吧?其实,belief还可以有以下一些搭配:
1) shake:动摇
e.g. No difficulty or temptation has ever shaken his full belief in God.(注意对……的信仰要用belief in sth.)
2) follow:遵循
如果别人有什么信仰,你也跟着他有同样的信仰,那么就可以说是follow the belief of sb.
e.g.. Most children follow the belief of their parents.
3) discard/give up背弃、放弃
前面这个discard比较正式一些,而give up则是我们日常生活中用得较多的。
e.g. Henry discarded his belief in Darwinism after he became a Christian.
和belief搭配的形容词:
deep-rooted(根深蒂固的)
wide-spread(普遍的)
unshakable(不可动摇的)
10.benefit
这个词的意思是“利益”、“好处”、“恩惠”,因此,这些好东西自然多和“得到”、“获得”搭配了:
1) derive/obtain/gain/get:获得
e.g. He has derived a lot of benefit from reading.
2) give:给予(好处有时候还是要分享的嘛:))
e.g. My parents give me the benefit of a foreign education.
3) enjoy:享受
e.g. Since we are in the same grade, we enjoy the same fringe benefits.(这里fringe benefits是“附加福利“的意思)
11.bicycle
这个词也是很常见的一个,一提到它,相信大家首先想到的就是ride a bicycle这个短语了。其实,它还可以和很多动词搭配:
1) hire:租
这个词大家一定也不陌生吧,因为现在中国的自行车出租业也比较发达了,许多城市都可以为游客提供自行车,大大地方便了我们的出行,下面狒狒就用亲身经历造个句子。
e.g. In the town of Fenghuang, you can hire a bicycle for ¥15 a day.
2) swerve:突然转变方向
这个词平日里也许见的不多,但是这件事情许多骑车的人都经历过。通常这个swerve多指因为要避开一些东西而做的急转。
e.g. The bicycle swerved at the corner and upset.
3) lose control of:失去控制
lose control of这个词很有用,不管什么事情,只要在你的驾驭范围之外,就可以说是lose control of sth.
e.g. He lost control of his bicycle and fell off.
4) pedal:踏
这个才是形象的骑车动作:)
e.g. He pedaled his bicycle slowly up the hill.
5) get on:上车
6) get off:下车(这两个就不用解释了吧)
由于用来修饰bicycle的形容词不多,并且也没有什么很大的意义,所以狒狒在这里就把它“大卸八块”,让我们一起来看看bicycle的各部分怎么说:
车架:bike frame
车架接头:pallet
龙头:handle-bar
龙头弯:handle-bar bend
握把:handle-bar grip
龙头柱:handle-bar stem
刹车棒:lever bar
刹车吊杆:plunger
吊杆接头:plunger arm
穿心螺丝:adapter lug
刹车钢条:plunger-rod
钢圈:steel rim
钢丝:steel wire
钢丝螺丝:spoke nipple
钢丝轴承:hub
轮轴:axle
弹珠槽:ball case
弹珠:steel ball
钢珠条:steel stick
钢珠网:bearing cup
顶珠螺丝:cone
垫圈:washer
加油嘴:lubricator
气门心:cycle valve
气门心帽:valve cap
挡泥板:mud-guards
挡泥胶皮:mud- flap
外胎:tire
内胎:inner tube
链条轮:chain wheel
飞轮:free wheel
脚踏板:pedal
坐垫:bike saddle
坐垫柱:seat pillar
灯架:lamp bracket
车头灯;head- light
车尾灯:tail-light
喇叭:bugle
喇叭胶球:horn bulb
喇叭响嘴:born reed
车铃:handle-bar bell
车锁:safety lock
气筒:inflator
撑架:stand
单脚架:prop stand
12.blame
这个词的基本意思是过失、责难,可以和下面的一些动词搭配:
1) put/place/lay/cast the blame on:归咎于
e.g. They put the blame for the failure on me.(注意,关于什么事情的过失,介词要用for)
2) take/bare:承受
e.g. I am not prepared to bear the blame due to others.
3) shift:转移
e.g. Don’t try to shift the blame onto me.
4) incur:招致
e.g. If you don’t do your job properly, you will surely incur blame.
5) fall:落在
e.g. All the blame falls on him.
同样,和blame搭配的形容词也没有几个。
13.blood
虽然大家都知道这是“血”的意思,可是“流血千万不要”说成flow the blood呀,因为有一个词bleed是专门讲流血的,只说bleed就可以了,也不要画蛇添足,加上个blood,变成bleed the blood:)。下面就来看看和它搭配的动词有哪些:
1) donate:捐献
donate你的blood给Red Cross是一件光荣的事情呀:)
2) transfuse:输
e.g. He offered to have his blood transfused into the wounded policeman.(注意这句里的have sth. Done的句型)
3) trickle down:一滴滴地流下
这可真是很形象的一个词
e.g. When she saw blood trickling down from her husband’s nose, she fainted.
和blood搭配的形容词:
of hot blood:热血的(“热血青年”自然就是a youth of hot blood啦)
in cold blood:冷血地,残忍地(在革命年代,也不乏a youth of blood被shot down in cold blood的事情呀)
14.boy
这个词好象再简单不过了,没有什么动词可以和它搭配,我们就来多多收集一些形容词,以便大家灵活使用:
bouncing:健康活泼的
cheeky:厚颜无耻的
chubby:胖得可爱的
dirty-minded:思想下流的(呵呵)
dull:呆板的
energetic:精力充沛的
husky:高大强壮的
incorrigible:无可救药的
lean:瘦但健康的
light-haired:金发的
mischievous:淘气顽皮的
muscular:肌肉发达的
naughty:没规矩的
reserved:感情不外露的
robust:健壮的
slovenly:不修边幅的
wayward:任性不羁的
以上只是一部分,以后我们讲到man的时候还会有更多的形容词。
15.breath
1) hold one’s breath:屏住呼吸
e.g. We held our breath as we watched the vampire walk closer and closer to the woman in bed.
2) take a breath:吸一口气
e.g. He took a deep breath before went into the interview room.
3) catch one’s breath:吸气,喘息
e.g. He was catching his breath after the race.
4) get one’s breath back:恢复正常呼吸
e.g. I need time to get my breath back after running so fast.
5) take breath:喘喘气
e.g. Half-way through the match, we asked for a pause to take breath.
和breath搭配的形容词:
deep(深呼吸)
16. building
这个词也是我们所熟悉的,但是,用什么动词呢来和它搭配呢?
1) demolish/pull down/tear down:拆除
demolish是完全拆除,而pull down和tear down则是一般性的拆除
e.g. Half the buildings in the street have been demolished to make way for the new park.
2) erect/put up:建立
这和上面的拆除正好相反。
e.g. These old buildings were put up in Victorian days.
3) evacuate:撤离
一般要evacuate的建筑物都是已经遭到了威胁的,比如火灾或洪水之类。注意这个结构的主语是building。
e.g. The building was evacuated because of the fire.
4) renovate:翻新
是指把building恢复到良好状态
e.g. It cost much to renovate old college buildings at our university.
和building搭配的形容词:
dilapidated(残破的)
high-rise(高楼大厦)
17. campaign
按我们的理解,campaign这个词好象一般多用于军事方面,或是指有很强的竞争性的活动,其实不然,很多时候campaign是做“运动”解释的。我们来看看它的用法:
1) launch:展开
要注意launch在这里不是“发射”的意思哦!
e.g. A courtesy campaign will be launched in our school next month. (courtesy campaign这里可译做“礼貌运动”)
2) organize:组织
e.g. I am responsible for organizing a publicity campaign.(我负责组织一个宣传运动)
3) conduct:进行
He is conducting a campaign to boost foreign films.
4) initiate:开始,发动
e.g. He initiated a campaign for the fund of a new school building.
和campaign搭配的形容词:
a fund-raising campaign(筹款运动,呵呵,筹款可是人民解放军的三大任务之一哦:))
a membership campaign(募集会员运动)
18. change
change这个词也是大家熟悉的,但是一般想得起来的恐怕都是make a change吧?下面就介绍一下和它搭配的动词:
1) bring about/effect:产生,带来
e.g. The death of John’s father has brought about some unfavorable changes in his family.
2) introduce:引进,介绍进来
e.g. The reform has introduced some dramatic changes to our society.
3) undergo:经历
e.g. China has undergone great changes in the past twenty years.
和change搭配的形容词:
abrupt(急变)
marked(显著的)
slight(微小的)
19. child
说起child来,大家首先想到的就是bring up a child了吧,呵呵,因为把孩子养大实在不是件容易事呀:),那么,下面的这些说法不妨也来看看吧:
1) spoil:宠坏,溺爱
e.g. You will spoil your child by giving him everything he asks for.
2) ill-treat:虐待
e.g. Children in broken families are more likely to be ill-treated.
3) carry…on one’s back:背着
e.g. He often carries his child on his back when he goes to market.
和child搭配的形容词:
illegitimate(私生子)
only(独生子)
thankless(忘恩负义的)
chubby(胖嘟嘟的)
20. clothes
clothes人人都有,大家也都知道put on clothes和take off clothes,但是,下面这些搭配你也许还不熟悉吧:
1) fold:折叠
e.g. Mom folds my clothes and puts them into my wardrobe every day.
2) hang out:挂出去晒
e.g. It is not difficult to find a place to hang out our clothes in the yard.
3) straighten one’s clothes:整理衣服,把衣服弄挺
e.g. The guy straightened his clothes before entering his girl friend’s house.
和clothes搭配的形容词:
plain(便服)
ragged/shabby(破旧的)
loose-fitting(宽松的)