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        <title>朱小荣的BLOG</title>
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        <pubDate>Fri, 25 Jul 2008 22:36:57 GMT+8</pubDate>
        <item>
            <title>PTC泡脚盘</title>
            <link>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4ad9375401008oma.html</link>
            <description><![CDATA[<div><a HREF="http://album.sina.com.cn/pic/4ad937544475c7f30410e" TARGET="_blank"></A><a HREF="http://album.sina.com.cn/pic/4ad937544475c7f30410e" TARGET="_blank"></A><a HREF="http://album.sina.com.cn/pic/4ad937544475c7f30410e" TARGET="_blank"></A><a HREF="http://album.sina.com.cn/pic/4ad937544475c7f30410e" TARGET="_blank"></A><a HREF="http://album.sina.com.cn/pic/4ad937544475c89c6dbde" TARGET="_blank"></A><a HREF="http://album.sina.com.cn/pic/4ad937544475c9363fe2a" TARGET="_blank"></A><a HREF="http://album.sina.com.cn/pic/4ad937544475c9da8b47d" TARGET="_blank"><img SRC="http://album.sina.com.cn/pic_3/4ad937544475c9da8b47d" WIDTH="500" BORDER="0"></IMG></A>&nbsp;</DIV>
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            <author>朱小荣</author>
            <category>PTC的应用举例</category>
            <comments>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4ad9375401008oma.html#comment</comments>
            <pubDate>Sat, 01 Mar 2008 09:02:50 GMT+8</pubDate>
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            <title>各种加热器外壳</title>
            <link>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4ad9375401008om8.html</link>
            <description><![CDATA[<div><a HREF="http://album.sina.com.cn/pic/4ad937544475c7f30410e" TARGET="_blank"></A><a HREF="http://album.sina.com.cn/pic/4ad937544475c7f30410e" TARGET="_blank"></A><a HREF="http://album.sina.com.cn/pic/4ad937544475c7f30410e" TARGET="_blank"></A><a HREF="http://album.sina.com.cn/pic/4ad937544475c7f30410e" TARGET="_blank"></A><a HREF="http://album.sina.com.cn/pic/4ad937544475c89c6dbde" TARGET="_blank"></A><a HREF="http://album.sina.com.cn/pic/4ad937544475c9363fe2a" TARGET="_blank"><img SRC="http://album.sina.com.cn/pic_3/4ad937544475c9363fe2a" WIDTH="500" BORDER="0"></IMG></A>&nbsp;</DIV>
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            <author>朱小荣</author>
            <category>部分PTC加热器图片</category>
            <comments>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4ad9375401008om8.html#comment</comments>
            <pubDate>Sat, 01 Mar 2008 09:02:50 GMT+8</pubDate>
            <guid>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4ad9375401008om8.html</guid>
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        <item>
            <title>外壳型PTC加热器</title>
            <link>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4ad9375401008om7.html</link>
            <description><![CDATA[<div><a HREF="http://album.sina.com.cn/pic/4ad937544475c7f30410e" TARGET="_blank"></A><a HREF="http://album.sina.com.cn/pic/4ad937544475c7f30410e" TARGET="_blank"></A><a HREF="http://album.sina.com.cn/pic/4ad937544475c7f30410e" TARGET="_blank"></A><a HREF="http://album.sina.com.cn/pic/4ad937544475c7f30410e" TARGET="_blank"></A><a HREF="http://album.sina.com.cn/pic/4ad937544475c89c6dbde" TARGET="_blank"><img STYLE="WIDTH: 500px; HEIGHT: 374px" SRC="http://album.sina.com.cn/pic_3/4ad937544475c89c6dbde" BORDER="0"></IMG></A>&nbsp;</DIV>
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            <author>朱小荣</author>
            <category>部分PTC加热器图片</category>
            <comments>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4ad9375401008om7.html#comment</comments>
            <pubDate>Sat, 01 Mar 2008 09:02:50 GMT+8</pubDate>
            <guid>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4ad9375401008om7.html</guid>
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        <item>
            <title>PTC卷发器</title>
            <link>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4ad9375401008om5.html</link>
            <description><![CDATA[<div><a HREF="http://album.sina.com.cn/pic/4ad937544475c7f30410e" TARGET="_blank"></A><a HREF="http://album.sina.com.cn/pic/4ad937544475c7f30410e" TARGET="_blank"></A><a HREF="http://album.sina.com.cn/pic/4ad937544475c7f30410e" TARGET="_blank"></A><a HREF="http://album.sina.com.cn/pic/4ad937544475c7f30410e" TARGET="_blank"><img SRC="http://album.sina.com.cn/pic_3/4ad937544475c7f30410e" WIDTH="500" BORDER="0"></IMG></A>&nbsp;</DIV>
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            <author>朱小荣</author>
            <category>PTC的应用举例</category>
            <comments>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4ad9375401008om5.html#comment</comments>
            <pubDate>Sat, 01 Mar 2008 09:02:50 GMT+8</pubDate>
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            <title>PTC直发器</title>
            <link>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4ad9375401008om2.html</link>
            <description><![CDATA[<div><a HREF="http://album.sina.com.cn/pic/4ad937544475c66aaa78e" TARGET="_blank"><img STYLE="WIDTH: 500px; HEIGHT: 374px" SRC="http://album.sina.com.cn/pic_3/4ad937544475c66aaa78e" BORDER="0"></IMG></A>&nbsp;</DIV>
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            <author>朱小荣</author>
            <category>PTC的应用举例</category>
            <comments>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4ad9375401008om2.html#comment</comments>
            <pubDate>Sat, 01 Mar 2008 08:59:18 GMT+8</pubDate>
            <guid>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4ad9375401008om2.html</guid>
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        <item>
            <title>带绝缘和电线的PTC加热器</title>
            <link>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4ad9375401008olz.html</link>
            <description><![CDATA[<div><a HREF="http://album.sina.com.cn/pic/4ad937544475c41939657" TARGET="_blank"><img STYLE="WIDTH: 500px; HEIGHT: 385px" SRC="http://album.sina.com.cn/pic_3/4ad937544475c41939657" BORDER="0"></IMG></A></DIV>
<div>&nbsp;<font FACE="宋体">带绝缘和电线的PTC加热器</FONT></DIV>
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            <author>朱小荣</author>
            <category>部分PTC加热器图片</category>
            <comments>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4ad9375401008olz.html#comment</comments>
            <pubDate>Sat, 01 Mar 2008 08:49:07 GMT+8</pubDate>
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            <title>PTC加热片</title>
            <link>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4ad9375401008oly.html</link>
            <description><![CDATA[<div><a HREF="http://album.sina.com.cn/pic/4ad937544475c2edd3ef6" TARGET="_blank"><font FACE="宋体"><img STYLE="WIDTH: 500px; HEIGHT: 221px" SRC="http://album.sina.com.cn/pic_3/4ad937544475c2edd3ef6" BORDER="0"></IMG></FONT></A></DIV>
<div><font FACE="宋体">PTC加热片图</FONT></DIV>
<div>&nbsp;</DIV>
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            <author>朱小荣</author>
            <category>部分PTC加热器图片</category>
            <comments>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4ad9375401008oly.html#comment</comments>
            <pubDate>Sat, 01 Mar 2008 08:43:28 GMT+8</pubDate>
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        <item>
            <title>高温PTC的寿命和可靠性1</title>
            <link>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4ad93754010006kk.html</link>
            <description><![CDATA[<div>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0">
<span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
居里温度高于</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">120</FONT></SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">℃</SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">PTC</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">材料，称为高温</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">PTC</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">材料。一般来说，高温度</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">PTC</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">作为恒温发热和高功率发热元件的较为常见，由于高温</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">PTC</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">材料与低温材料相比，其组成和工艺均有较大的差别，而且前者要长期地在高温（居里温度附近）工作，因此存在着寿命和可靠性不如后者的问题。本文将对这些问题进行探讨，以便能为使用者提供一些有用的参考。</SPAN></P>
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<span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1">
<span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span STYLE="mso-list: Ignore"><font FACE="Times New Roman">1．<span STYLE="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN>
<span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
高温</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">PTC</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">材料的特点。</SPAN></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5">
<span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">PTC</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">材料是以</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">BaTiO<sub>3</SUB></FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为基的半导体陶瓷材料。这种材料的电阻率在某一区域内随温度上升而急剧上升，电阻率突变上升的温度称为居里温度。</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">BaTiO<sub>3</SUB></FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">居里温度为</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">120</FONT></SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">℃</SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。当用一部分</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">Pb<sup>2+</SUP></FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">来置换</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">Ba<sup>2+</SUP></FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">后，成为</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">Ba</FONT></SPAN><sub><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN></SUB><sub><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">1-X</FONT></SPAN></SUB><sub><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）</SPAN></SUB><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">Pb<sub>X</SUB>
TiO<sub>3</SUB></FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">材料，其居里温度随着</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">Pb<sup>2+</SUP></FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">含量的增加而上升。目前已经实用化的</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">PTC</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">发热材料的最高温度为</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">300</FONT></SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">℃</SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</SPAN></P>
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<span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
<span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
从海旺模型得知，</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">BaTiO<sub>3</SUB></FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">半导体陶瓷的</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">PTC</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">效应来源于材料介电常数的异常变化。</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">Pb<sup>2+</SUP></FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">来置换</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">Ba<sup>2+</SUP></FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">后，介电常数的异常变化减少，故</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">PTC</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">效应不如不含</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">Pb</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的材料大。所谓</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">PTC</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">效应即材料电阻</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">--</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">温度曲线中最大电阻与最小电阻之比。含</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">Pb</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">高温</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">PTC</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">材料的</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">PTC</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">效应随居里温度</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">TC</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的变化如图</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">所示。此外，随着含</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">Pb</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">量的提高，控制烧成时</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">PbO</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">气体的挥发是不容易的。烧成时</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">PbO</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">气体的挥发，使</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">PTC</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">材料的结构成分偏离，无法烧成结构均匀一致的陶瓷体。这些原因都会使高温</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">PTC</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">材料不如低温</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">PTC</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">材料寿命长、可靠性高。</SPAN></SPAN></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1">
<span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
<font FACE="Times New Roman"><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span STYLE="mso-list: Ignore">2．</SPAN></SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN></FONT><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">材料的老化。</SPAN></SPAN></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
<span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">PTC</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">材料的老化指的是材料的常温电阻率随时间增加而增加的现象。可用</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">ρ=ρ<sub>O</SUB>+Alogt</SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">来表示，式中<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">ρ</SPAN>表示材料的常温电阻率，<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">ρ<sub>O</SUB></SPAN>为初始电阻率，<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">t</SPAN>为时间，<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">A</SPAN>称为老化系数。材料处于不同的环境温度时，老化系数也不同，见图<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">2</SPAN>。当环境温度与居里温度接近时，老化系数最大，也就是说，<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN>材料老化得最快。</SPAN></SPAN></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0">
<span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">材料在居里温度以上时，晶体结构为立方顺电相，没有铁电性，材料为高电阻。当温度低于居里温度时，晶体结构变为四方铁电相，具有铁电性。材料的铁电性抵消了部分晶界受主态，故材料在居里温度以下为低电阻。但是，如果材料的铁电性下降，不能有效地抵消晶界主态，则电阻率会上升。<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN>材料在经过一段时间后，由于材料内部应力的释放，空间电荷的重新分配等原因，铁电性会下降，电阻则上升。在居里温度附近，上述过程进行得比较快，故老化系数增加。如果材料在居里温度以上及以下反复变动，晶体结构也会在立方相和四方相之间反复变化，上述作用会加剧，材料的老化作用加剧。</SPAN></SPAN></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0">
<span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">要减少<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN>材料的老化，均匀一致的材料内部结构，小的内应力是必需的。这需要从各个工序入手，特别是烧成工序。原材料应具有较高的活性，合成反应要充分。另外，烧成时既要防止<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">PbO</SPAN>的挥发，又要使材料具有较多好的<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN>效应。烧结后期的降温过程太快对材料的老化性能的提高不利，是因为降温太快会使材料内部存在较多的内应力，应力的释放则影响材料的常温电阻。此外，内应力的存在也会使材料的可靠性下降。</SPAN></P>
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&nbsp;</P>
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<span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><font STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12px" COLOR="#0000FF">下接《高温PTC的寿命和可靠性2》。</FONT></SPAN></P>
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<span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><font STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12px" COLOR="#0000FF">由于文章容量太大，只好删节文章内的图片。</FONT></SPAN></P>
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<span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><font STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12px" COLOR="#0000FF">本文发表与1990年全国PTC技术讨论会。</FONT></SPAN></P>
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&nbsp;</P>
</DIV>
]]></description>
            <author>朱小荣</author>
            <category>PTC技术</category>
            <comments>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4ad93754010006kk.html#comment</comments>
            <pubDate>Fri, 17 Nov 2006 01:44:27 GMT+8</pubDate>
            <guid>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4ad93754010006kk.html</guid>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>高温PTC的寿命和可靠性2</title>
            <link>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4ad93754010006kj.html</link>
            <description><![CDATA[<div>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1">
<span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span STYLE="mso-list: Ignore">3.<span STYLE="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">击穿电压。
</SPAN></SPAN></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 36pt"><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">在<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN>元件的两端加上电压，当电压值较低时，随着电压值的增加，电流值也增加，如图<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">3</SPAN>中<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">A</SPAN>段。随后<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">,</SPAN>再增加电压值电流反而下降<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">,</SPAN>如<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">B</SPAN>段<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">,</SPAN>这一阶段就是<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN>元件的定功率阶段。电压上升到<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">V<sub>B</SUB></SPAN>后<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">,</SPAN>电流复而随电压上升<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">,</SPAN>这时<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">,</SPAN>元件很容易被烧毁<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">,</SPAN>电压<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">V<sub>B</SUB></SPAN>称为击穿电压。为了使<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN>元件具有较高的可靠性，击穿电压<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">V<sub>B</SUB></SPAN>必须是使用电压的两倍以上。<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">V<sub>B</SUB></SPAN>值与环境散热条件有关，散热越快，<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">V<sub>B</SUB></SPAN>值越高。</SPAN></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 36pt"><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">要想使<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN>元件具有较高的击穿电压，除了要提高<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN>效应外，还要使陶瓷体内部具有微晶结构。居里温度越高的<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN>材料，<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN>效应越小，故击穿电压也越低。但是，当<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN>效应相同时，居里温度越高，则击穿电压越高。此外，如果材料内部存在着杂质点，由于电场在杂质点周围局部集中，会使元件在较低的电压下击穿。有时，由于工艺控制不当，元件边缘的<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN>效应小于中部或电阻值小于中部，边缘部分的<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">V<sub>B</SUB></SPAN>较低，会使边缘部分预先击穿。</SPAN></SPAN></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 36pt"><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">&nbsp;</SPAN></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1">
<span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span STYLE="mso-list: Ignore">4.<span STYLE="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">电流的影响。</SPAN></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 36pt"><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">给<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN>元件加上电压后，元件内部有电流通过，由于种种原因，元件内部的各部分发热量不均匀，而致使各部分热膨胀不一致，元件在这种膨胀应力发热量不均匀，而致使各部分热膨胀不一致，元件在这种膨胀应力的作用下而开裂。材料内部晶粒电阻与晶界电阻不相等，再加结构的不均匀，或者内部分层及裂纹等都可能导致开裂。另外，由<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">PbO</SPAN>在烧成过程中的挥发，或其他因素而引起材料内部电阻不均匀，也可能导致开裂。</SPAN></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5">
<span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">元件表面所镀覆的电极，电阻要足够小，否则，也会因为电流的热效应而烧毁电极甚至使整个元件烧毁。此外，电极的边缘往往容易引起热损毁，需要在制造过程中加以注意。</SPAN></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5">
<span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">&nbsp;</SPAN></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1">
<span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span STYLE="mso-list: Ignore">5.<span STYLE="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">效应的下降。</SPAN></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 36pt"><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">元件在真空、还原性气氛使用时，<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN>效应会明显下降，击穿电压<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">V<sub>B</SUB></SPAN>下降，致使可靠性降低。下降后的样品，可在大气中高温加热，可使其<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN>效应得到恢复。<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN>效应下降的原因是<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN>材料内部晶界中的氧被解吸释放出来，晶界缺氧时，<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN>效应下降。当在大气中重新加热时，晶界重新吸附氧，<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN>效应得以恢复。</SPAN></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 36pt"><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">要使<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN>元件长期可靠性工作，必须避免在缺氧的环境及还原气氛中使用，如氮气、二氧化碳气体、氨气、水蒸气、有机物气体等。</SPAN></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 36pt"><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">对于结构松、晶粒粗的<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN>材料，气体的扩散过程容易进行，<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN>效应在异常气氛中下降得快。因此，要求材料结构致密，晶粒较细。元件的边缘部分是接触异常气氛的前沿，是元件击穿的弱点。</SPAN></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 36pt"><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">&nbsp;</SPAN></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1">
<span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span STYLE="mso-list: Ignore">6.<span STYLE="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">功率的下降。</SPAN></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span STYLE="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN></SPAN>
<span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">当<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN>在高功率的场合（如液体加热，空气加热等）使用时，如控制不当，则会引起功率下降。</SPAN></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span STYLE="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN>
PTC</SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">电阻的增加是功率下降的原因之一。首先应选用电阻变化比较小的<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN>发热元件是防止功率下降的首要条件。选用电阻比较小的<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN>，在使用中引起的电阻少量增加，则功率下降不明显。相反，选用比较大的电阻时，<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN>电阻的少量增加也会导致功率明显下降。</SPAN></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span STYLE="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN></SPAN>
<span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">防止导热结构在使用中变松，是防止<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN>发热件功率下降的又一重要条件。结构变送，会使功率下降。结构材料应选择耐高温的，结构应不容易在高温下或冷热冲击下变松。</SPAN></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">&nbsp;</SPAN></P>
<p><font COLOR="#0000FF"><font COLOR="#0000FF">上接《高温PTC的寿命和可靠性1》。</FONT></FONT></P>
<p><font COLOR="#0000FF">下接《高温PTC的寿命和可靠性3》。</FONT></P>
<p><font COLOR="#0000FF">由于文章容量太大，只好删节文章内的图片。</FONT></P>
<p><font COLOR="#0000FF">本文发表与1990年全国PTC技术讨论会。</FONT></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>
</DIV>
]]></description>
            <author>朱小荣</author>
            <category>PTC技术</category>
            <comments>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4ad93754010006kj.html#comment</comments>
            <pubDate>Fri, 17 Nov 2006 01:42:17 GMT+8</pubDate>
            <guid>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4ad93754010006kj.html</guid>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>高温PTC的寿命和可靠性3</title>
            <link>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4ad93754010006ki.html</link>
            <description><![CDATA[<div>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1">
<span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span STYLE="mso-list: Ignore">7.<span STYLE="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">使用者应注意的问题。</SPAN></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 36pt"><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">高温<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN>作发热元件时，绝大部分采用接触方式引出电极。接触方式是否可靠会影响到元件的可靠性。如果引出电极与元件表面电极接触较松，接触电阻大，则接触面容易出现跳火现象。跳火后又使接触面的金属氧化，增加接触电阻。最后<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN>元件因电极接触电阻太大而不发热，或因跳火而使元件烧毁。<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN>元件表面电极必须用不易氧化、电阻率极小的材料，不然也会出现上述跳火现象。</SPAN></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 36pt"><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">采用上螺丝拧紧或其他压紧方法的压接方式引出电极，这可减少上述的跳火现象，也使元件的散热加快，对元件的可靠性有利，但是，如果压紧力太大，则元件会在使用中因膨胀力作用而开裂。若<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN>不断地通、断电，因热的作用使接触的电极板以及外部结构不断地受膨胀力的冲击，可能会导致结构变松而打火。</SPAN></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 36pt"><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">在制作高功率组件时，往往使用有机硅导热胶强化散热效果或粘接。这样，<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN>元件表面电极与引出电极之间容易形成绝缘接触层的跳火的可能性。要避免以上现象，一是要尽可能减薄有机硅绝缘层，二是将元件表面制成凹凸状的表面。</SPAN></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 36pt"><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">有机硅导热胶应采用无溶剂的或溶剂少的，否则，有机溶剂对<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN>元件有不良影响，往往使<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN>效应下降，击穿电压下降。</SPAN></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 36pt"><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">使用<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN>元件加热蒸发各种有机及无机物质。需要注意的是，所要蒸发的物质切勿与<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN>元件直接接触，要有可靠的措施防止各种物质扩散进入元件内部。用于加热或煮沸水时，也要防止元件与水接触。</SPAN></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 36pt"><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">如上所述，使用居里温度较低的<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN>元件比居里温度较高的元件可靠性要高。因此，在开发<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN>应用产品时，应尽可能采用较低居里温度的元件，特别是选用<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">280℃</SPAN>以上居里温度的元件时，更应慎重些。当产品需要较高的表面温度和较大的功率时，应增加传热效果，以减少<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN>表面与产品表面的温度差。这样亦可达到提高产品表面温度及功率的效果。在需要低电阻、高耐压的场合下，也往往选用居里温度较低的<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN>元件。</SPAN></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 36pt; tab-stops: 135.0pt">
<span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">作为恒温加热应用时，<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN>元件的老化使产品的表面温度有微微的降低，大多数应用产品可不考虑这一变化。有时，散热结构对产品的影响甚至超过<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN>元件的影响。而当<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN>元件需要输出较大的功率时，元件老化的影响将变得重要。在长时间工作后，<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN>元件的输出功率将下降，下降的幅度从<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">2%-20%</SPAN>。下降率由元件的制造工艺及居里温度的不同而不同。选择电阻值比较小的<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN>元件，即使<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN>的常温电阻增大一点，也不会导致功率的下降。跟恒温加热应用一样，产品结构的变化也是功率下降的主原因。</SPAN></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 36pt"><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">元件存在着时间老化（表现为电阻值升高、表面温度下降及功率下降）问题，以及电热击穿效应、电流效应和<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN>效应下降等引起的可靠性问题。使用者除了选择质量较优的<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN>元件外，也要根据元件的特点，正确地使用。</SPAN></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>
<p><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><font COLOR="#0000FF"><font COLOR="#0000FF"><font STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12px" COLOR="#0000FF">上接《高温PTC的寿命和可靠性2》。</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<p><font STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12px" COLOR="#0000FF">由于文章容量太大，只好删节文章内的图片。</FONT></P>
<p><font STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12px" COLOR="#0000FF">本文发表与1990年全国PTC技术讨论会。</FONT></P>
<p><font STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12px" COLOR="#0000FF">文章作者：朱小荣</FONT>&nbsp;</P>
</DIV>
]]></description>
            <author>朱小荣</author>
            <category>PTC技术</category>
            <comments>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4ad93754010006ki.html#comment</comments>
            <pubDate>Fri, 17 Nov 2006 01:40:45 GMT+8</pubDate>
            <guid>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4ad93754010006ki.html</guid>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>PTC的制造及应用3</title>
            <link>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4ad93754010006kg.html</link>
            <description><![CDATA[<div>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 9.0pt 18.0pt"><font SIZE="3"><font STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 16px"><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
五、</SPAN>PTC<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的应用</SPAN><span STYLE="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN>
</FONT></FONT></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 31.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: 9.0pt 18.0pt list 31.5pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1">
<font SIZE="3"><font STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 16px"><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span STYLE="mso-list: Ignore">１．</SPAN></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">利用</SPAN>PTC<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的电阻与温度关系。</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 9.0pt 18.0pt"><font SIZE="3"><font STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 16px"><span STYLE="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN> <span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
在图３中，Ｂ段曲线所示，</SPAN>PTC<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的电阻随温度上升而增大。利用这种特性，我们可做成恒温发热体、过热保护器及温度传感器等。</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 9.0pt 18.0pt"><font SIZE="3"><font STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 16px"><span STYLE="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN> <span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
恒温发热。在常温下，</SPAN>PTC<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是低电阻。在加上电压后，电流较大，温度上升。但当</SPAN>PTC<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">陶瓷体充分发热后，电阻增大，电流减小，发热功率</SPAN>P=
U<sup>2</SUP>/R<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">比散热功率小，故温度下降；温度下降后，又导致电阻减小，电流增大，加大发热功率，温度复而上升；这样的负反馈将使发热体的温度维持恒定。</SPAN><span STYLE="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 9.0pt 18.0pt"><font SIZE="3"><font STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 16px"><span STYLE="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN> <span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
过热保护器。</SPAN>PTC<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">热敏电阻与负载一起串联在电路中，而且两者距离非常近。因负载电阻的阻抗远比常温时的</SPAN>PTC<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的阻抗大，</SPAN>PTC<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">上的电压降非常小，</SPAN>PTC<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">基本上不发热。但当意外原因使负载发热，</SPAN>PTC<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">感受到负载的热量而使其自身和温度升高，</SPAN>PTC<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的电阻将会急剧增大。这样流经</SPAN>PTC<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的电流将会减小，也就是电路的电流减小，保护了负载不会因电流过大而烧坏。负载可以是电机，变压器以及电路元件等等。</SPAN><span STYLE="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 31.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: 9.0pt 18.0pt list 31.5pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1">
<font SIZE="3"><font STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 16px"><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span STYLE="mso-list: Ignore">２．</SPAN></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">利用</SPAN>PTC<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的电流与电压特性</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 9.0pt 18.0pt"><font SIZE="3"><font STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 16px"><span STYLE="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN> <span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
在图４中的Ｂ段，</SPAN>PTC<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">所施加的电压越高，电流越小。利用这一特性可做成过电流保护元件。如果</SPAN>PTC<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的居里温度和电阻选择适当，即是一种过电流保护电路。</SPAN>PTC<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">串联在电路中，当电路正常工作时，</SPAN>PTC<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">不发热；但当电路的电流异常增大时，</SPAN>PTC<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">发热后温度升高，自身电阻增加而电压降增加，电流则减小，可保护电路不会被大电流烧坏。当电路恢复正常后，</SPAN>PTC<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的温度下降，电路又可流过正常的电流。这样的过电流保护元件相当于一只永久性保险丝。目前，这种元件已用于电话交换机等设备的保护。</SPAN><span STYLE="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 9.0pt 18.0pt"><font SIZE="3"><font STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 16px"><span STYLE="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN> 3. <span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
利用</SPAN>PTC<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的电流与时间特性</SPAN><span STYLE="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 9.0pt 18.0pt"><font SIZE="3"><font STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 16px"><span STYLE="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN> PTC<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">热敏电阻与消磁线圈串接在电源电路中，可组成彩色电电视机消磁电路。当电路接通的一瞬间，电路的电流达到</SPAN>
30A<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以上，继而逐渐减小，最后电流稳定在</SPAN>4-6mA<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</SPAN><span STYLE="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 9.0pt 18.0pt"><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
<font STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 16px" SIZE="3">这样达到消除彩电显像管上的地磁或其余剩磁的目的。</FONT></SPAN></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 9.0pt 18.0pt"><font SIZE="3"><font STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 16px"><span STYLE="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN> PTC<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">元件以及配合继电器、双金属开关、晶体管等可做成各种各样的电流保护、温度保护、延时开关、温度传感等多种电路。</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 9.0pt 18.0pt"><font SIZE="3"><font STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 16px"><span STYLE="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN> <span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
目前，</SPAN>PTC<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">可以应用的领域有：①录像机、计算机以及其他精密设备的干燥防潮，仓库、家庭、衣物、药材的干燥防潮。②热风室内加热、热风干燥。③电热驱蚊器、开水壶、按摩器、电烙铁、电熨斗、加湿机、卷发器、直发器等器具的加热。④彩电彩显消磁器、冰箱等各种单相马达的启动器、电路延时器、荧火灯延时启动器。⑤电话等通信设施、马达、变压器、计算机等设备仪器的过流、超温保护。⑥各种仪器、设备、家用电器的温度传感和温度补偿。</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 9.0pt 18.0pt"><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="3">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></P>
<p><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font SIZE="3"><font STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12px" COLOR="#0000FF" SIZE="3">上接《PTC的制造及应用2》</FONT></FONT></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<p><font STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12px" COLOR="#0000FF" SIZE="3">由于容量限制，文章内的图表已删节。</FONT></P>
<p><font STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12px" COLOR="#0000FF">本文作者:朱小荣</FONT></P>
</DIV>
]]></description>
            <author>朱小荣</author>
            <category>PTC技术</category>
            <comments>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4ad93754010006kg.html#comment</comments>
            <pubDate>Fri, 17 Nov 2006 01:25:01 GMT+8</pubDate>
            <guid>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4ad93754010006kg.html</guid>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>PTC发热体的应用2</title>
            <link>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4ad93754010006kf.html</link>
            <description><![CDATA[<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 9.0pt 18.0pt"><font SIZE="3"><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
四</SPAN> <span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
、</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">PTC</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的性能</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span STYLE="mso-spacerun: yes"><font FACE="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P>
<div><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">
Ｒ－Ｔ特性。Ｒ－Ｔ特性即是</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">的电阻与温度的关系。</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">陶瓷体的电阻与其自身的温度有关。在温度低于</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">Tmin</SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">时</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">,</SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">电阻随温度的上升与下降</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">,</SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">呈现负的温度系数。如Ｒ－Ｔ曲线中的Ａ段。若温度在</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">Tmin</SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">与</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">Tmax</SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">之间陶瓷体的电阻随温度上升而急剧增大，呈现正的温度系数，如曲线中的Ｂ段，具有应用价值的也就是这一段。当温度高于Ｔ</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">max</SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">后，陶瓷体的电阻又随温度上升而下降。</SPAN></DIV>
<div>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 9.0pt 18.0pt"><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">
<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
Ｒ</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">max</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">与Ｒ</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">min</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">之比值为</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">PTC</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">效应，通常希望</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">PTC</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">效应越大越好。与Ｒ</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">min</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的两倍对应的温度被定义为材料的居里温度（或居里点），居里温度高于</SPAN>
<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">120</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">℃</SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">时，称为高温</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">PTC</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">材料；反之称为低温</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">PTC</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">材料。</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">R25</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">指的是</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">PTC</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">25</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">℃</SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的常温下的电阻值。另一个代表</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">PTC</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">特性的数值是αＴ值，即材料的电阻温度系数，其计算公式为</SPAN></SPAN></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 9.0pt 18.0pt"><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span STYLE="mso-spacerun: yes"><font FACE="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></SPAN>
<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
αＴ（％／℃）＝</SPAN><font FACE="Times New Roman"><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">2.303*(lgR</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">2</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">-lgR</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">1</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">)/(T</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">2</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">-T</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">1</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">)</SPAN></FONT></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 9.0pt 18.0pt"><font FACE="Times New Roman"><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">R</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">25</SPAN></FONT><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">值可根据用途选定为</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Ω</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">-100K</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Ω</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">.PTC</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">效应一般要大于</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个数量级（</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">10<sup>3</SUP></FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）</SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">。</SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">αＴ值一般要大于</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">10%/</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">℃</SPAN></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 31.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: 9.0pt 18.0pt list 31.5pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1">
<span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span STYLE="mso-list: Ignore"><font FACE="Times New Roman">１．</FONT></SPAN></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Ｉ－Ｖ特性。</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span STYLE="mso-spacerun: yes"><font FACE="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 10.5pt; tab-stops: 9.0pt 18.0pt"><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman"><span STYLE="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN>
PTC</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的Ｉ－Ｖ特性即是</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">PTC</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">陶瓷体的电流与加在其上的电压的关系。</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman"><span STYLE="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN>
<span STYLE="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 9.0pt 18.0pt"><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span STYLE="mso-spacerun: yes"><font FACE="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></SPAN>
<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
在电压较低时，陶瓷体的电流随电压的升高而增大如Ａ段；电压继续升高，电流反而随电压升高而下降，如Ｂ段，通常应用的也就是此段；当电压上升到Ｖ</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">B</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">后，电流复而随电压上升而增大，这时，</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">PTC</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">易于被击穿烧毁。</SPAN></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 9.0pt 18.0pt"><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span STYLE="mso-spacerun: yes"><font FACE="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></SPAN>
<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
需要指出的是，Ｉ－Ｖ曲线要受测试时的环境温度和散热条件的影响。当环境温度下降及散热加快时，曲线会上移、右移，如图</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">4</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">虚线所示。</SPAN></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 31.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: 9.0pt 18.0pt list 31.5pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1">
<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
<font FACE="Times New Roman"><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span STYLE="mso-list: Ignore">１．</SPAN></SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">I</SPAN></FONT><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">—</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">t</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">特性。</SPAN></SPAN></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 9.0pt 18.0pt"><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span STYLE="mso-spacerun: yes"><font FACE="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></SPAN>
<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
当给</SPAN> <font FACE="Times New Roman"><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">PTC</SPAN></FONT><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">陶瓷加上一个额定电压后，流经陶瓷体的电流将随时间延长而变化。在加上电压后的短时间（</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">0-0.5</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">秒）内，电流达到最大电流Ｉ</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">max</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，随后，电流逐渐下降，最后降至Ｉ</SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">∞</SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">而稳定下来。</SPAN></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 9.0pt 18.0pt"><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span STYLE="mso-spacerun: yes"><font FACE="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></SPAN>
<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
Ｉ—</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">t</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">曲线亦会随环境温度和散热条件的不同而变化。当环境温度下降，以及散热加快时，曲线上移，如图</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">5</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中虚线所示。</SPAN><font FACE="Times New Roman"><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span STYLE="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 9.0pt 18.0pt">
&nbsp;</P>
<p><font FACE="Times New Roman"><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font SIZE="3"><font STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12px" COLOR="#0000FF" SIZE="3">上接《PTC的制造及应用1》</FONT></FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
<p><font STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12px" COLOR="#0000FF" SIZE="3">下接《PTC的制造及应用3》</FONT></P>
<p><font STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12px" COLOR="#0000FF" SIZE="3">由于容量限制，文章内的图表已删节。</FONT></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 9.0pt 18.0pt"><font STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12px">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><font STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12px">&nbsp;<span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span STYLE="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P>
</DIV>
]]></description>
            <author>朱小荣</author>
            <category>PTC技术</category>
            <comments>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4ad93754010006kf.html#comment</comments>
            <pubDate>Fri, 17 Nov 2006 01:18:51 GMT+8</pubDate>
            <guid>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4ad93754010006kf.html</guid>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>PTC的制造及应用1</title>
            <link>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4ad93754010006ke.html</link>
            <description><![CDATA[<div>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: 9.0pt 18.0pt list 21.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1">
<font SIZE="3"><font STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 16px"><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span STYLE="mso-list: Ignore">一．</SPAN></SPAN>PTC<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">元件的特点。</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 9.0pt 18.0pt"><font STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 16px"><span STYLE="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN> PTC<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是正温度系数电阻（</SPAN>Positive
Temperature Coefficient<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）的缩写。最常用的</SPAN>PTC<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是一类以钛酸钡（</SPAN>Ba
TiO<span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">3</SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）为基本组成的半导电阻体。这种电阻体在较低温度时，是处于低阻态；但当温度在某一温度（称为居里温度）以上时，其自身电阻急剧上升</SPAN>3~8<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个数量级（</SPAN>10<sup>3</SUP>~10<sup>8</SUP><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">倍），电阻体具有较大的温度系数。下面，我们就介绍以</SPAN>BaTiO<span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">3</SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为基的</SPAN>PTC<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">材料。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 9.0pt 18.0pt"><font SIZE="3"><font STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 16px"><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
二、</SPAN>PTC<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">材料的生产工艺</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: 9.0pt 18.0pt list 21.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2">
<font SIZE="3"><font STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 16px"><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span STYLE="mso-list: Ignore">１．</SPAN></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">配料</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 9.0pt 18.0pt"><font STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 16px"><span STYLE="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN> <span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
目前，国内外绝大部分厂家均采用固相合成法工艺。所用的原料有</SPAN>BaCO<span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">3,</SPAN>
SrCO<span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">3</SPAN>, Pb<span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">3</SPAN>O<span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">4</SPAN>, TiO<span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">2</SPAN>, Nb<span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">2</SPAN>O<span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">5</SPAN>, MnCO<span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">3</SPAN> ,SiO<span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">2</SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">等粉体，纯度一般应在９９</SPAN>.5<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">％以上。原料的纯度、所含杂质的种类及含量、原料的化学活性等等都对ＰＴＣ最终产品的性能产生非常大的影响。配料的精度也对产品性能产生极大的影响。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: 9.0pt 18.0pt list 21.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2">
<font SIZE="3"><font STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 16px"><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span STYLE="mso-list: Ignore">２．</SPAN></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">球磨粉碎、去水</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 9.0pt 18.0pt"><font SIZE="3"><font STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 16px"><span STYLE="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN> <span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
将称好的几种原料粉、磨球、纯水装入球磨机中球磨粉碎，以及混合均匀。球磨好的原料可以直接放入烘箱内烘干，也可采用过滤、离心分离、真空抽滤等方法去水后再烘干。</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: 9.0pt 18.0pt list 21.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2">
<font SIZE="3"><font STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 16px"><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span STYLE="mso-list: Ignore">３．</SPAN></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">固相合成</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 9.0pt 18.0pt"><font STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 16px"><span STYLE="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN> <span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
固相合成也叫预烧，是将混合好的原料放入高温炉中进行反应，形成均匀的固溶体，固溶体的通式可写成</SPAN>(Ba
<span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">x,</SPAN>Sr <span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">y,</SPAN> Pb <span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">z</SPAN>)TiO<span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">3</SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，其中</SPAN>x+y+z<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">＝１，固相合成的温度根据材料和配比选择为</SPAN>1000~
1250<span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'" XML:LANG="EN-US">℃</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'" XML:LANG="EN-US">之间，保温时间</SPAN>2~4<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">小时。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: 9.0pt 18.0pt list 21.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2">
<font SIZE="3"><font STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 16px"><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span STYLE="mso-list: Ignore">４．</SPAN></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">二次球磨</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 9.0pt 18.0pt"><font SIZE="3"><font STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 16px"><span STYLE="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN> <span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
固相合成后，物料结成块，并且有一定的晶粒长大，需要进行球磨粉碎，以利烧成。二次球磨的方法与合成前的球磨类似。</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: 9.0pt 18.0pt list 21.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2">
<font SIZE="3"><font STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 16px"><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span STYLE="mso-list: Ignore">５．</SPAN></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">成形</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 9.0pt 18.0pt"><font SIZE="3"><font STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 16px"><span STYLE="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN> PTC<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">材料可制成各种形状，如：圆片、方片、蜂房状等。片状元件用干压法成形，在物料中加入粘合用的</SPAN>PVA<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">溶液，然片用过筛法或喷雾干燥法将物料造粒，再在冲压机上加压成形。蜂房状元件用挤出方法成形。</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: 9.0pt 18.0pt list 21.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2">
<font SIZE="3"><font STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 16px"><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span STYLE="mso-list: Ignore">６．</SPAN></SPAN><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">烧成</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 9.0pt 18.0pt"><font SIZE="3"><font STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 16px"><span STYLE="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN> <span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
将成形后的坯片放入高温炉中，按一定的烧成条件，烧成具有所需</SPAN>PTC<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">特性的半导体陶瓷。烧成曲线和烧成气氛对产品的性能影响很大，在生产中要严格控制好，以便提高产品性能和成品率。</SPAN><span STYLE="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN>
<span STYLE="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 9.0pt 18.0pt"><font SIZE="3"><font STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 16px"><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
三、</SPAN>PTC<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">材料的内部结构及电极形成。</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 9.0pt 18.0pt"><font STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 16px">1. PTC<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的结构如图１所示，</SPAN>PTC<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">材料是一种多晶体陶瓷，由晶粒、气孔及晶界组成。晶粒的尺寸大概在</SPAN>2~10<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">μ</SPAN>m<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">之间</SPAN>,<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">每个晶粒内部都具有电极取向</SPAN>,<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">而且晶粒都是具有较小电阻的施主型半导体。晶界层是一层复杂的结构层，其电阻是晶粒的几倍到几十倍。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 9.0pt 18.0pt"><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
<font STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 16px">2<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．电极形成</SPAN><span STYLE="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN>&nbsp;<span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span STYLE="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 9.0pt 18.0pt"><font SIZE="3"><font STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 16px"><span STYLE="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN> <span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
图</SPAN>2<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">表示了在</SPAN>PTC<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">陶瓷体上附上电极层的示意图。在工作时，</SPAN>PTC<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">元件的两个电极分别接外电路的两个电极。电极层的制造方法有：化学镀镍、烧渗及各种活性金属层。</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 9.0pt 18.0pt"><font SIZE="3"><font STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 16px"><span STYLE="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN> <span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
化学镀的方法为：将</SPAN>PTC<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">陶瓷体表面经敏化、活化处理，然后在镀液中浸渍，镀上一层镍层，再经</SPAN>250
~500<span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'" XML:LANG="EN-US">℃</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'" XML:LANG="EN-US">的高温处理即可。</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 9.0pt 18.0pt"><font SIZE="3"><font STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 16px"><span STYLE="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN> <span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
烧渗电极的方法为：在</SPAN>PTC<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">陶瓷表面涂覆一层电极浆料，然后在</SPAN>400~800<span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'" XML:LANG="EN-US">℃</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'" XML:LANG="EN-US">温度下烧渗，使金属电极层牢固地附在</SPAN>PTC<span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">陶瓷上。电极浆料的组成为金属粉、玻璃粉、有机粘结剂以及有机溶剂。常用的金属粉有铝粉、银粉、镍粉、锌粉等。</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 9.0pt 18.0pt">
&nbsp;</P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 9.0pt 18.0pt"><font STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12px" SIZE="3"><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
下接《PTC的制造及应用2》</SPAN></FONT></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 9.0pt 18.0pt"><font STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 12px" SIZE="3"><span STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
由于容量限制，文章内的图表已删节。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 9.0pt 18.0pt">
&nbsp;</P>
</DIV>
]]></description>
            <author>朱小荣</author>
            <category>PTC技术</category>
            <comments>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4ad93754010006ke.html#comment</comments>
            <pubDate>Fri, 17 Nov 2006 01:16:55 GMT+8</pubDate>
            <guid>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4ad93754010006ke.html</guid>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>PTC发热体的应用</title>
            <link>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4ad93754010005td.html</link>
            <description><![CDATA[<DIV><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE="3">PTC发热体的应用。</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT SIZE="3">PTC发热体可用于许多恒温加热的场合。一般来说，加热温度在280℃以下都可以应用。但是，应用在加热功率1000W以下的，使用成本比较合理。</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT SIZE="3">各位朋友，你认为PTC还可以应用在哪些地方？欢迎提出你的看法。</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="3"><SPAN STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
按摩器，安全型加热，保温，保温杯，</SPAN><SPAN STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">冰箱化霜除霜，</SPAN><SPAN STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">茶叶烘干，电饭煲，</SPAN><SPAN STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">电开水壶，</SPAN><SPAN STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">电暖炉，电暖器，电器仪表防潮，电热板，电热保温碟，电热餐桌，电热盘，电热驱蚊，电热水瓶，</SPAN><SPAN STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">电热梳，</SPAN><SPAN STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">电热毯，电热靴，电热针灸，房间取暖，防冻结，发夹，发夹板，发酵保温，防潮，粉体粉料防潮，</SPAN><SPAN STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">风幕机，负离子烫发器，</SPAN><SPAN STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">发钳，过胶，干燥机、干燥剂恢复，干衣机、干鞋器，管道加热保温，恒温槽，烘房，烘手，烘鞋，加湿器，家用电器，加香器，胶枪，静脉注射加热，酒杯保温，卷发器，咖啡机，咖啡保温加热，开水器，空调加热，空气加热，控制柜防潮，冷暖空调，冷热饮水机，理疗，离子烫，淋浴加热，旅行干衣机，旅行电熨斗，棉花糖机，</SPAN><SPAN STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">美发</SPAN><SPAN STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">，</SPAN><SPAN STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">美容美发，</SPAN><SPAN STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">美容器，灭蚊器，摩托车化油器，模具加热，奶瓶保温，农业保温加热，暖风机，暖脚板，暖手，暖脚器，频谱治疗仪，巧克力挤出，轻便塑料封口机，汽车，取暖，去湿，驱蚊器，热咖啡，热风帘，热疗仪，热奶器，热熔胶枪，热水器，热针灸，人体保暖，日用电器，熔蜡，摄像机镜头防雾，石蜡融化，食品烘烤，食物防潮，水管加热，水龙头加热，树脂塑料融化固化，烫发板，烫壶，陶瓷烫发板，蚊机，蚊香机，文具热熔胶合，无明火加热，洗脚加热，</SPAN><SPAN STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: %; mso-hansi-font-family: %; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">洗足器，</SPAN><SPAN STYLE="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">香水器，香熏器，消毒柜，小家电，药物热敷，液化气瓶加热器，医疗，浴室加热，油井加热，蒸汽美容，蒸汽发生器，蒸气发梳，增湿器，煮水，饮水机，直发器，中药烘烤干燥，注射输液加热。</SPAN></FONT></FONT></DIV>
]]></description>
            <author>朱小荣</author>
            <category>PTC技术</category>
            <comments>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4ad93754010005td.html#comment</comments>
            <pubDate>Fri, 22 Sep 2006 00:35:33 GMT+8</pubDate>
            <guid>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4ad93754010005td.html</guid>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>一种奇特的恒温型发热体</title>
            <link>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4ad93754010005t7.html</link>
            <description><![CDATA[<div>
<div>一种奇特的发热体:</DIV>
<div>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
大家好！你相信吗？当你给一个小小的发热元件通电，这个发热体自动保持到你预定的温度,不要任何控制元件。</DIV>
<div>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
大家也许会觉得,不会这么神奇吧.如果是那样,很多做温度控制仪表和温度控制元件的厂家不是要麻烦了？许多做电热管的厂商……？</DIV>
<div>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
哎！别杞人忧天。如果这个小小的发热体能给你带来乐趣，你就拥抱你的梦想吧！</DIV>
<div>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
也许有一天，你拉了一个飘逸的负离子长发；也许有一晚，你随着灭蚊器的幽香进入梦乡；也许你工作回家，温暖的按摩器帮你了却疲劳；也许你在与挚友一起，享受保温杯上那香醇的咖啡……。你是否想到那个神奇的发热元件？</DIV>
<div>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
我是从事PTC发热元件研发生产的工程师,现在东莞市天成热敏电阻有限公司工作，在这里开辟一个论坛，希望同行间互相交流；欢迎使用PTC的人员向我们提出有意义的建议；我们也乐意为准备使用PTC的人员提供技术帮助。</DIV>
<div>&nbsp;</DIV>
<div>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
我的博客:<a HREF="http://blog.sina.com.cn/u/1255749460">http://blog.sina.com.cn/u/1255749460</A></DIV>
<div>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
我们公司的网址:<a HREF="http://www.tiancheng-ptc.com/" TARGET="_blank">http://www.tiancheng-ptc.com</A></DIV>
<div>在那里，您可以找到我公司PTC发热元件产品资料。</DIV>
<div>&nbsp;</DIV>
<div>朱小荣</DIV>
</DIV>
]]></description>
            <author>朱小荣</author>
            <comments>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4ad93754010005t7.html#comment</comments>
            <pubDate>Thu, 21 Sep 2006 02:58:23 GMT+8</pubDate>
            <guid>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4ad93754010005t7.html</guid>
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