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        <title>周杰的博客</title>
        <description></description>
        <link>http://blog.sina.com.cn/blogjiezhou</link>
        <lastBuildDate>Wed, 24 Dec 2008 09:31:00 +0800</lastBuildDate>
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        <copyright>Copyright 1996 - 2009 SINA Inc. All Rights Reserved.</copyright>
        <pubDate>Wed, 15 Feb 2012 00:38:07 +0800</pubDate>
        <item>
            <title>浅析广告智能匹配技术</title>
            <link>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_5db7d1d30100cfdg.html</link>
            <description><![CDATA[<p CLASS="MsoNormal" STYLE="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0; line-height:150%">
<span STYLE="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">
在上一篇文章《从技术的角度，看百度谷歌竞价排名的“左右侧之争”》中，我们通过数据的分析得出，谷歌的广告智能匹配能力是百度的</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">15</SPAN><span STYLE="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">倍以上。对于行外的朋友来说，这个数字可能是比较令人难以置信的</SPAN>
<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">&ndash;</SPAN> <span STYLE="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">
两家都以技术著称的公司竟然会有这么大的差距。对于数据挖掘和人工智能的同行来说，这个数字就并不稀奇了。不断积累、完善的智能匹配技术通常都能带来以几倍来衡量的效果提升。</SPAN></P>
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通过一个简单的例子，我们可以理解智能匹配技术究竟是怎么作用的。假设你是一个推销员，而且你销售的产品有很多很多种，涉及生活、工作中的方方面面。然后，我们来对比下面两个销售场景：</SPAN></P>
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<span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span STYLE="mso-list:Ignore">1）<span STYLE="font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<span STYLE="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">
你向你的一位老朋友推销。你了解他的性格、兴趣和品位，另外你还知道他最近关心哪些方面，有什么需要。根据这些因素，你为他选择了一款满足他的需要而且符合他的喜好的产品；</SPAN></P>
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<span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span STYLE="mso-list:Ignore">2）<span STYLE="font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<span STYLE="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">
你向一位陌生人推销。你知道他的性别和大概年龄，并能够通过他的穿着打扮猜测出他的收入阶层。你从你的很多产品中随机拿出一件你猜测符合这个性别、年龄、收入阶层的产品。</SPAN></P>
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现实生活中，路边发小广告的推销员就非常类似</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">2</SPAN><span STYLE="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">）的场景。显而易见，</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">1</SPAN><span STYLE="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">）和</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">2</SPAN><span STYLE="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">）的销售结果会相差很多倍。而且，被推销者（即消费者）的感受也很不一样。在</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">1</SPAN><span STYLE="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">）的场景中，消费者感觉到的是一种体贴，更像是朋友提供的帮助，而且很实用。在</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">2</SPAN><span STYLE="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">）的场景中，消费者可能根本对推销的产品不感兴趣，会感觉被骚扰了，因此想尽快躲开。不幸的是，目前大多数的广告（无论互联网上或网下）采用的是</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">2</SPAN><span STYLE="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">）的方法。这导致的结果是，大家一提到广告，头脑中的第一个反应常常是骚扰的、负面的，并因此对整个广告行业产生抵触情绪了。</SPAN></P>
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广告智能匹配技术做的事，其实就是通过分析、归纳各种信息，使广告投放者成为每一位消费者的老朋友，了解他的需求和喜好，如此，就能有针对性的为该消费者投放有用的、有兴趣的广告。这样广告的效果自然会大大提高，同时消费者对广告的感受也会得到改善。</SPAN></P>
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常见的广告智能匹配的实现流程是：</SPAN></P>
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第一步：头脑风暴，列举出尽量多的可能对判断消费者需求和喜好有帮助的信息。可以通过时间、地点、人物、事件等线索来帮助打开思路；</SPAN></P>
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第二步：这些信息通过各种排列组合，衍生出更大的信息集合。这是因为有时候某一信息本身的作用有限，但是它和另一信息的衍生（如差值）却可以对匹配的效果有很大帮助；</SPAN></P>
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第三步：尽可能多的收集实际中用户行为的数据和对应广告的效果（广告可以是随机投放的广告）；</SPAN></P>
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第四步：通过各种数据挖掘模型对数据进行梳理，从而确认真正有效果的信息或衍生信息，并建立有效的模型组。常见的建模方法包括决策树、逻辑回归、</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">SVM</SPAN><span STYLE="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">、神经网络等；</SPAN></P>
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第五步：将模型组应用于实际网站流量，并根据模型组的推荐投放广告。</SPAN></P>
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在实际应用中，模型组需要不断更新，以应对变化的用户行为趋势。模型组更新有两种形式：动态实时更新和周期性静态更新。广告平台可以根据自己的风险偏好，选择适合自己的模型组更新方式。一般而言，动态实时更新的效果更好，但是风险更大。</SPAN></P>
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上面的流程看似简单，但是实际的执行其实是复杂的，而且需要长期的技术积累。我个人有幸在</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">2002</SPAN><span STYLE="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">年加入</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">Google</SPAN><span STYLE="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">总部，作为创始团队的一员，参与了</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">Google</SPAN><span STYLE="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">广告系统的全程开发，并且亲自负责领导了几个关键部分的开发。广告智能匹配系统是其中的一个核心部件，它的发展和完善经历了很长的过程，并且现在也是</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">Google</SPAN><span STYLE="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">广告部门重点关注的方向之一。另外，广告智能匹配系统的高效运转还需要很多其他相关技术的支持，例如超高负载下高速处理数据的技术，自然语言理解技术，关键词拓展技术等等。</SPAN></P>
<p>&nbsp;</P>]]></description>
            <author>周杰</author>
            <comments>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_5db7d1d30100cfdg.html#comment</comments>
            <pubDate>Wed, 24 Dec 2008 09:31:00 +0800</pubDate>
            <guid>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_5db7d1d30100cfdg.html</guid>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>从技术的角度，看百度谷歌竞价排名的“左右侧之争”</title>
            <link>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_5db7d1d30100ccae.html</link>
            <description><![CDATA[<p CLASS="MsoNormal"><span STYLE="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">
自从央视连续质疑百度以来，“竞价排名”这一商业术语进入了大众的视野，各种关于竞价排名的讨论和争论愈演愈烈。其中之一就是竞价排名该在左侧还是右侧。</SPAN></P>
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现实状况：</SPAN></P>
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<span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span STYLE="mso-list:Ignore">-<span STYLE="font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<span STYLE="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">
谷歌在左侧展示自然搜索结果，在右侧展示竞价排名广告，并且加以严格的区分。谷歌强调，搜索结果不能根据商业利益进行人工干预</SPAN></P>
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<span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span STYLE="mso-list:Ignore">-<span STYLE="font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<span STYLE="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">
百度的竞价排名广告与自然搜索结果同时出现在左侧。但是，有报道称，百度正在推出新的广告系统</SPAN> <span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">--</SPAN><span STYLE="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">“凤巢”，期待以此来解决用户被搜索结果和竞价排名混淆的问题。&nbsp;</SPAN></P>
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关于竞价排名广告可不可以放在左侧，网上有很多文章从道德的角度上进行了讨论。这里，我只想从技术角度分析一下为什么目前百度采用左侧竞价排名。</SPAN></P>
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百度真正的难言之隐，恐怕是其在广告智能匹配技术方面的落后。广告智能匹配能力是指搜索引擎根据用户的搜索行为来匹配相关广告的能力。其直接衡量指标是在相同场景下的</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">RPM</SPAN><span STYLE="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">（每千次搜索产生的广告收入）。通过下面的分析，我们可以对比百度和谷歌在这方面技术能力的差距。</SPAN></P>
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我们先看两组数字：</SPAN></P>
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<span CLASS="apple-style-span"><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span STYLE="mso-list:Ignore">1）<span STYLE="font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<span STYLE="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">
据艾瑞最新发布的中国搜索引擎市场调查报告显示，</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">2008</SPAN><span STYLE="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">年第三季度，中国</SPAN><span CLASS="apple-style-span"><span STYLE="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:black">网页搜索请求规模达</SPAN></SPAN><span CLASS="apple-style-span"><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt; color:black" XML:LANG="EN-US">371.9</SPAN></SPAN><span CLASS="apple-style-span"><span STYLE="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:black">亿次，其中百度占</SPAN></SPAN><span CLASS="apple-style-span"><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt; color:black" XML:LANG="EN-US">73.2%</SPAN></SPAN><span CLASS="apple-style-span"><span STYLE="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:black">，谷歌占</SPAN></SPAN><span CLASS="apple-style-span"><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt; color:black" XML:LANG="EN-US">20.8%</SPAN></SPAN></P>
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<span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span STYLE="mso-list:Ignore">2）<span STYLE="font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<span CLASS="apple-style-span"><span STYLE="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:black">
同一信息在搜索引擎中，左侧搜索结果获得的点击率大约是右侧的</SPAN></SPAN><span CLASS="apple-style-span"><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt; color:black" XML:LANG="EN-US">10</SPAN></SPAN><span CLASS="apple-style-span"><span STYLE="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:black">倍以上。（这是我个人的经验。在百度竞价排名和火爆地带同时做广告的朋友，可以自己比较一下）</SPAN></SPAN></P>
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假设百度和谷歌的广告智能匹配能力相同，则理论上，百度产生的广告收入应该是谷歌的（</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">73.2%/20.8%</SPAN><span STYLE="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">）&times;</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">10 = 35</SPAN><span STYLE="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">倍。然而，实际上百度和谷歌的收入差距远远没有这么大。根据易观国际的最新报告：</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">2008</SPAN><span STYLE="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">年第三季度，中国互联网广告市场份额中，百度占</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">27.8%</SPAN><span STYLE="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">，谷歌</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">12.2%</SPAN><span STYLE="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">。即百度与谷歌的广告收入的实际比例为（</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">27.8%/12.2%</SPAN><span STYLE="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">）</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">= 2.3</SPAN><span STYLE="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">倍。因为百度还有大量展示类广告，所以搜索引擎广告收入的实际比例应该小于</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">2.3</SPAN><span STYLE="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">倍。</SPAN></P>
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由上面的分析可以推算出：谷歌的广告智能匹配能力是百度的（</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">35/2.3</SPAN><span STYLE="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">）</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">= 15</SPAN><span STYLE="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">倍！</SPAN></P>
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（以上推导采用的均为对百度有利的保守数字，所以实际的差距应该更大。）</SPAN></P>
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换个角度说，如果百度能够在广告智能匹配方面提升到与谷歌相当的技术水平，那么即使百度全面放弃左侧竞价排名，其广告收入不仅不会下降，而且还会提升。这样百度就不用担心商业模式的改变对股价的影响了。</SPAN></P>
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如果有对广告智能匹配技术有兴趣的朋友，请看我的下一篇</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">blog</SPAN><span STYLE="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">《浅析广告智能匹配技术》</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">:-)</SPAN> <span STYLE="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">
敬请期待</SPAN> <span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">……</SPAN></P>]]></description>
            <author>周杰</author>
            <comments>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_5db7d1d30100ccae.html#comment</comments>
            <pubDate>Tue, 16 Dec 2008 10:11:00 +0800</pubDate>
            <guid>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_5db7d1d30100ccae.html</guid>
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            <title>嗨！亲爱的朋友们，欢迎您光临我的BLOG</title>
            <link>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_5db7d1d30100catp.html</link>
            <description><![CDATA[<BR>
	<CENTER><IMG src="http://blogimg.sinajs.cn/v5images/welcome.jpg"></CENTER><BR><BR>　　我已经在新浪BLOG安家了，欢迎你“常过来看看”，大家多多交流哦。我们可以一起把这里变成共同的心灵家园，像家一样温暖的地方。<BR>　　我会把一些新鲜有趣的东西记录下来一块与你分享，也希望你能够记住我的<br>BLOG地址，像老朋友一样经常过来做客——你可以把“她”添加到你的收藏夹中，也可以把“她”复制下来告诉你的朋友们。特别希望能通过你，让我认识更多的好朋友。如果还有不了解的，就跟着我一起来看看拥有所有博客知识和维护技巧的博客帮助站吧：<A href="http://blog.sina.com.cn/lm/help/2008/index.html" target="_blank">http://blog.sina.com.cn/lm/help/2008/index.html</A> ：） 
	<BR><BR>　　我的BLOG地址：&nbsp; <A href="http://blog.sina.com.cn/blogjiezhou">http://blog.sina.com.cn/blogjiezhou</A><BR><BR>]]></description>
            <author>周杰</author>
            <comments>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_5db7d1d30100catp.html#comment</comments>
            <pubDate>Fri, 12 Dec 2008 14:17:54 +0800</pubDate>
            <guid>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_5db7d1d30100catp.html</guid>
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