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        <title>老詹的BLOG</title>
        <description></description>
        <link>http://blog.sina.com.cn/zlj36</link>
        <lastBuildDate>Thu, 25 Apr 2013 07:16:38 +0800</lastBuildDate>
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        <language>zh-cn</language>
        <copyright>Copyright 1996 - 2009 SINA Inc. All Rights Reserved.</copyright>
        <pubDate>Mon, 13 May 2013 10:41:37 +0800</pubDate>
        <item>
            <title>公款消费不能创造财富</title>
            <link>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4e9bcc630101cfzw.html</link>
            <description><![CDATA[<p STYLE="TexT-inDenT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; FonT-siZe: 14pt"><span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; FonT-siZe: 14pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">
公款消费不能创造财富</SPAN></SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="TexT-inDenT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0">&nbsp;</P>
<p STYLE="TexT-inDenT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; FonT-siZe: 14pt">中共十八大后，中央反腐败力度加大，许多名茶产区政府出台文件，禁止采购名茶送礼和受礼。今年春茶早已开园采摘，可到茶山调查研究（调茶烟酒）的党政官员不见了。有人说好，有人骂娘。<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">

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<p STYLE="TexT-inDenT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; FonT-siZe: 14pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">
公款消费不能创造财富，老百姓富裕了消费必然增加。</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; FonT-siZe: 14pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 微软雅黑; mso-hansi-font-family: 微软雅黑">让官员大肆消费来刺激经济</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; FonT-siZe: 14pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">不可持续，</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; FonT-siZe: 14pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 微软雅黑; mso-hansi-font-family: 微软雅黑">尤如“杀鸡取卵”，会破坏国家的生产能力和消费能力。某些专营政府礼品茶的商人，今年的日子可能不好过，但过了这个坎，公款消费減少，民间消费上升，茶叶生意会更红火。</SPAN></P><br /><img src="http://simg.sinajs.cn/blog7style/images/special/1265.gif">&nbsp;<a href="http://sina.allyes.com/main/adfclick?db=sina&bid=204720,469641,474922&cid=0,0,0&sid=473458&advid=358&camid=37389&show=ignore&url=http://qing.blog.sina.com.cn/tag/%E5%86%99%E7%9C%9F" target="_blank">青春就应该这样绽放</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://sina.allyes.com/main/adfclick?db=sina&bid=204720,469645,474926&cid=0,0,0&sid=473464&advid=358&camid=37389&show=ignore&url=http%3A%2F%2Funion.9173.com%2Fpub%3Fp%3D1%26u%3D1008" target="_blank">游戏测试：三国时期谁是你最好的兄弟！！</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://sina.allyes.com/main/adfclick?db=sina&bid=204720,469646,474927&cid=0,0,0&sid=473465&advid=358&camid=37389&show=ignore&url=http://qing.blog.sina.com.cn/tag/%E6%98%9F%E5%BA%A7" target="_blank">你不得不信的星座秘密</a><img src="http://sina.allyes.com/main/adfclick?db=sina&bid=204720,470173,475454&cid=0,0,0&sid=474001&advid=358&camid=37389&show=ignore&url=http://simg.sinajs.cn/blog7style/images/common/sg_trans.gif?t=0">]]></description>
            <author>老詹</author>
            <comments>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4e9bcc630101cfzw.html#comment</comments>
            <pubDate>Thu, 25 Apr 2013 07:16:38 +0800</pubDate>
            <guid>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4e9bcc630101cfzw.html</guid>
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        <item>
            <title>市场化改革之路</title>
            <link>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4e9bcc630101cfzt.html</link>
            <description><![CDATA[<p><span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; CoLor: black; FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
<span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; CoLor: black; FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
(茶叶)市场化改革之路</SPAN><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-siZe: 15pt" LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">

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<p STYLE="TexT-inDenT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-siZe: 15pt" LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">1984</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; CoLor: black; FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">年开始的茶叶流通体制和茶叶价格机制改革，主旨是建立市场经济制度。到</SPAN><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-siZe: 15pt" LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">20</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; CoLor: black; FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">世纪末茶叶商品市场已初步形成，市场之手对茶叶经济的作用逐步显现。但是，要素市场的改革步履维艰。而政府之手对茶叶经济的作用从来就没有停止过。</SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="TexT-inDenT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; CoLor: black; FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
笔者回顾亲身经历的</SPAN><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-siZe: 15pt" LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">30</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; CoLor: black; FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">年，名优茶开发，茶叶产品结构的调整；茶叶初级市场的滥觞；茶叶产区结构的优化；茶叶生产力的发展；茶叶消费和茶叶出口的增长等，市场的力量，发挥了重要的作用。</SPAN></P>
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笔者这些年常挂在嘴上的一句口头禅：“成也萧何，败也萧何”，说的就是政府。政府在市场经济制度中的作用不可或缺。</SPAN><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-siZe: 15pt" LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span STYLE="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN></SPAN> <span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; CoLor: black; FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
譬如：</SPAN><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-siZe: 15pt" LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">1980</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; CoLor: black; FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">年代末，许多产茶县的茶叶经济陷入困境，在政府的大力推动下，开发名优茶，不仅很快走出困境，且顺利地完成茶叶商品化的转型。政府按自然规律、经济规律办事，充分发挥市场在资源配置中的基础作用，茶叶经济就发展。但是，近些年政府权力寻租越演越烈，政府职权的缺位、越位，屡见不鲜。</SPAN></P>
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笔者近些年看到的茶园“被有机”、茶叶“被原产地”、茶叶企业“被</SPAN><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-siZe: 15pt" LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">QS</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; CoLor: black; FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">”，还有茶叶虚假拍卖、茶园面积“大跃进”，驰名商标“滿天飞”，茶叶统计“注水分”，项目资金“跑冒滴漏”，地方保护主义作梗等现象，多半是不讲真话，不做实事，劳而无功，事与愿违。腐败之风漫延，社会资源浪费严重。政府行为的非理性和不规范，企业行为的非理性和不规范是必然的。这些已严重地影响了茶叶经济的发展。</SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="TexT-ALiGn: left; TexT-inDenT: 30pt; MArGin-BoTToM: 7.5pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" ALIGN="left"><span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; CoLor: black; FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
十八大以后，尤其是</SPAN><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-siZe: 15pt" LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">2013</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; CoLor: black; FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">年</SPAN><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-siZe: 15pt" LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">3</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; CoLor: black; FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">月两会以后，中国</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 微软雅黑; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">第二轮改革已经启动。有学者认为，国务院机构改革方案是“习李新政”的宣言书，中国要回归到“小政府、大社会”的改革主流上。</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">还<span STYLE="CoLor: black">权于社会，改善现有社会组织体制、社会服务体制和社会治理体制。伴随社会改革的推进，也会逐步带动政治体制改革。</SPAN></SPAN></P>
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反腐倡廉和机构改革是<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">“</SPAN>习李新政<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">”</SPAN>。学者认为：机构改革方案的两个关键词是机构改革和职能转变，职能转变是机构改革后面一个非常重要的过程。如果说机构改革是改革之形，那么职能转变就是改革之实。职能转变有四个方面：职能转移、职能下放、职能整合和职能加强，重心在职能转移。职能转变的核心是三个方面：一是政府向市场转变；一个是政府向社会转变；一是中央向地方转变。主线是撤、减、小，政府职能在调整过程中能撤就撤、能减就减，能小就小。政府向市场、社会和地方放权和扩权。</SPAN></P>
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通过机构改革和职能转变，理顺政府与市场、政府与社会的关系，简政放权，释放活力。政府减少对微观事务的干预，向市场、社会放权，最大限度地激发市场和社会的活力；同时改善和加强宏观管理，严格事后监管，做到不该管的不管不干预，该管的切实管住管好，从根本上克服政府职能越位和缺位的问题。</SPAN></P>
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中国</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; CoLor: black; FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 微软雅黑; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">目前的现状是政府组织了社会，改革的目的就是把组织还给社会，让社会自身组织起来。</SPAN></P>
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简政放权，减少资质、资格的许可和认证，还权于社会，降低政府管理成本，圧缩权力寻租的腐败空间。政府不能既当裁判员，又当运动员。各类认证、检测、评级、评比、授牌等，应授权有资质的第三方中介组织“操盘”，明确职责权利，政府依法监管。</SPAN></P>
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中国目前茶叶行业的社会组织，除全国性的茶叶（流通）协会、茶叶商会、茶叶学会、茶文化协会等，还有省、市（地）、县、乡（镇）的各类茶叶社团等。它们都有挂靠单位，实行行政化的管理，沒有凝聚力和活力，也缺乏办事的各类资源，在民间的心目中，可有可无，无足轻重。</SPAN></P>
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现有茶叶行业的社会组织应逐步转型，让茶农、茶商、茶企、茶人，依法通过社会组织实行自我管理、自我服务和参与茶事管理，有利于更好地发挥他们的主人翁精神，推动社会和谐和茶叶经济发展。</SPAN></P>
<p><span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 微软雅黑; CoLor: black; FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold" LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">&nbsp;</SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="TexT-inDenT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0">

<span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 微软雅黑; CoLor: black; FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold" LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">2012</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; CoLor: black; FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 微软雅黑; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">年</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 微软雅黑; CoLor: black; FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold" LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">11</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; CoLor: black; FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 微软雅黑; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">月</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 微软雅黑; CoLor: black; FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold" LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">30</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; CoLor: black; FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 微软雅黑; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">日</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; CoLor: black; FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 微软雅黑; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">中纪委书记王岐山向专家们推荐《旧制度与大革命》一书，王岐山为什么要推荐这本书，它能给中国带来什么启迪？学者朱学勤的解读是：“改革一旦发生，万万不能停顿。”“改革既已发生，从此就意味着与革命赛跑。不能改革到一半，摸到一块最大石头搂在怀里不动弹，那就只能让后面的革命赶上来扑倒——千夫所指，焉能不倒。”</SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="TexT-inDenT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 微软雅黑; FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold" LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">1976</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 微软雅黑; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">年中国推翻了精神乌托邦，发生了一个从精神向世俗的转变，从此中国人开始回到正常的世俗生活。</SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="TexT-inDenT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-siZe: 15pt" LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">1978</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; CoLor: black; FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">年中共十一届三中全会，做出了实行</SPAN><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-siZe: 15pt" LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><a HREF="http://baike.baidu.com/view/48598.htm" TARGET="_blank"><span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; CoLor: black; TexT-DeCorATion: none; text-underline: none; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'" LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">改革开放</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; CoLor: black; FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">的新决策，启动了农村改革的新进程。目前，</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; CoLor: black; FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">中国到了需要重新启动一次大改革的时期了。中国政府也在积极回应市场化、法治化改革的呼声。</SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="TexT-inDenT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; CoLor: black; FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
中国正在发生各种变化，中国政府和全社会上下都需要与时俱进，不断调整自身的思维和行动方式，适应这种新变化。在顺势而为的基础上，通过改革创新，走一条重公平、重民生、重质量的可持续、内涵式、精细化发展之路，推动中国梦最终得以实现。</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; CoLor: black; FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">这将是中国社会一次（政治、经济、文化）脱胎换骨的转型</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">，也是中华民族复兴之路。</SPAN></P>
<p><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-siZe: 15pt" LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma"><font STYLE="FonT-siZe: 16px" COLOR="#FA0000">这是作者茶业改革30年综述的最后一节，未经同意，请勿转载。</FONT></SPAN></P><br /><img src="http://simg.sinajs.cn/blog7style/images/special/1265.gif">&nbsp;<a href="http://sina.allyes.com/main/adfclick?db=sina&bid=204720,469641,474922&cid=0,0,0&sid=473458&advid=358&camid=37389&show=ignore&url=http://qing.blog.sina.com.cn/tag/%E5%86%99%E7%9C%9F" target="_blank">青春就应该这样绽放</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://sina.allyes.com/main/adfclick?db=sina&bid=204720,469645,474926&cid=0,0,0&sid=473464&advid=358&camid=37389&show=ignore&url=http%3A%2F%2Funion.9173.com%2Fpub%3Fp%3D1%26u%3D1008" target="_blank">游戏测试：三国时期谁是你最好的兄弟！！</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://sina.allyes.com/main/adfclick?db=sina&bid=204720,469646,474927&cid=0,0,0&sid=473465&advid=358&camid=37389&show=ignore&url=http://qing.blog.sina.com.cn/tag/%E6%98%9F%E5%BA%A7" target="_blank">你不得不信的星座秘密</a><img src="http://sina.allyes.com/main/adfclick?db=sina&bid=204720,470173,475454&cid=0,0,0&sid=474001&advid=358&camid=37389&show=ignore&url=http://simg.sinajs.cn/blog7style/images/common/sg_trans.gif?t=1">]]></description>
            <author>老詹</author>
            <comments>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4e9bcc630101cfzt.html#comment</comments>
            <pubDate>Thu, 25 Apr 2013 06:59:10 +0800</pubDate>
            <guid>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4e9bcc630101cfzt.html</guid>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>茶史讲座</title>
            <link>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4e9bcc630101b1m1.html</link>
            <description><![CDATA[<p STYLE="TexT-ALiGn: center" ALIGN="center"><b STYLE="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
中华茶叶五千年（茶史讲座）</SPAN></B><b STYLE="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">

</SPAN></B></P>
<p><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">&nbsp;</SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="TexT-ALiGn: center" ALIGN="center">
<span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">
摘要</SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="TexT-inDenT: 32pt"><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">
茶之为饮，发乎神农。上古时代，茶为药用；秦人取蜀，始有茗饮。茶业兴于唐，陆羽著《茶经》。前丁后蔡，宋元造龙团凤饼贡天子；洪武辛未，明清启现代茶品之源流。</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span STYLE="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN></SPAN></P>
<p><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">&nbsp;</SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="TexT-ALiGn: center" ALIGN="center">
<span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
一</SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="TexT-inDenT: 32pt"><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
中国是茶树的原产地。然而，中国在茶业上对人类的贡献，主要在于最早发现和利用了茶这种植物，并把它发展成为我国和东方乃至整个世界的一种灿烂独特的茶文化。</SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="TexT-inDenT: 32pt"><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
六朝以前（公元</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">220</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">年以前），中国茶业，最初兴起于巴蜀。</SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="TexT-inDenT: 32pt"><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
清初学者顾炎武《日知录》：“自秦人取蜀而后，始有茗饮之事。”即茶的饮用，是秦国（公元前</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">221</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">年</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">-</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">前</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">207</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">年）吞并巴蜀以后才慢慢传播开的。巴蜀是中国茶业和茶文化的摇篮。</SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="TexT-inDenT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
巴蜀又是什么时候开始饮茶的呢？目前尚无文字可考。</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">“神农尝百草，日遇七十二毒，得茶而解之。”</SPAN>
<span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">
是我国流传很广、影响很深的一个上古时代传说。陆羽《茶经·六之饮》有“茶之为饮，发乎神农氏”</SPAN> <span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">
。</SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="TexT-inDenT: 32pt"><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
中国茶业和茶文化有着漫长的发展历史，贯穿于中华民族五千年的发展进程之中。所以说，中华茶叶五千年！</SPAN></P>
<p><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">&nbsp;</SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="TexT-ALiGn: center" ALIGN="center">
<span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
二</SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="TexT-inDenT: 32pt"><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
到战国（公元前</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">475</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">年</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">-</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">前</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">221</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">年）以后，在古代文献中即有茶的记载。晋·常璩《华阳国志·巴志》：有商末周初（公元前</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">11</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">世纪），巴蜀地区种茶产茶的追述。</SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="TexT-inDenT: 32pt"><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
成书于战国末期的《尔雅·释木》：“</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">槚</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">，苦荼”（“</SPAN>
<span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
槚</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">”</SPAN>
<span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
和“苦荼”</SPAN> <span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
都是上古时巴蜀称茶的方言）。</SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="TexT-inDenT: 32pt"><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
汉宣帝神爵三年</SPAN> <span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">(</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">公元前</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">59</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">年</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">)</SPAN> <span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
王褒《僮约》有“烹茶尽具”</SPAN> <span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
、“武阳买茶”</SPAN> <span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
的记事。</SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="TexT-inDenT: 32pt"><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
东汉名医华佗《食论》：“苦荼久食，益意思”</SPAN> <span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
。</SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="TexT-inDenT: 32pt"><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
三国（公元</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">220</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">年</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">-265</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">年）魏张揖《广雅》，记述在荆巴地区，采茶制饼。饮时捣末，以汤浇覆，加入葱姜作</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">羮</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">。是制茶、饮茶的最早记载。</SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="TexT-inDenT: 32pt"><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
《三国志·韦曜传》有吴国王室“以茶代酒”</SPAN> <span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
的趣事记载。</SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="TexT-inDenT: 32pt"><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
西晋（公元</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">265</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">年</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">-</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">公元</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">316</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">年）饮茶生活流入名门贵族。</SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="TexT-inDenT: 32pt"><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
东晋十六国和南北朝时代（公元</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">317</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">年</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">-</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">公元</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">589</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">年），有识之士，把饮茶视为清廉节俭的象征。</SPAN></P>
<p><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">&nbsp;</SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="TexT-inDenT: 202.5pt; mso-char-indent-count: 13.5"><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
三</SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="TexT-inDenT: 32pt"><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
隋唐时代，国家统一，经济发展。</SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="TexT-inDenT: 32pt"><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
隋代（公元</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">581</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">年</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">-</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">公元</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">618</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">年），南北大运河开通，南茶北运和文化交流。“荼”</SPAN>
<span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
字，俗写为“茶”</SPAN> <span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
。</SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="TexT-inDenT: 32pt"><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
唐代（公元</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">618</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">年</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">-</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">公元</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">907</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">年），茶叶经济、茶文化进入繁荣时期。</SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="TexT-inDenT: 32pt"><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
开元年间（公元</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">713</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">年</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">-</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">公元</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">741</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">年），北方宗教禅宗兴起，倡导坐禅饮茶祛睡，促进饮茶习俗北传和茶叶生产发展。茶区扩大，茶叶品目增加。</SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="TexT-inDenT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">
唐肃宗至德三年（公元</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">758</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">年）前后，</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">陆羽《茶经》问世，成为中国也是世界上第一部茶叶专著。</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">共三卷，计十类。一之源，记述茶树特性、茶叶品质与土壤的关系；二之具，介绍采制茶叶的工具；三之造，说明茶叶的种类及其采制方法；四之器，介绍煮茶、饮茶器皿；五之煮，介绍烹茶技术；六之饮，介绍饮茶知识；七之事，述说饮茶的故事；八之出，记述唐代茶叶产区及其品质；九之略，茶经全书摘要；十之图，将前九类内容成图悬挂。</SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="TexT-inDenT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">
成书于唐大中十年（公元</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">856</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">年）的杨华《膳夫经手录》：“茶，古不闻食之，近晋、宋以降，吴人采其叶煮，是为茗粥。至开元、天宝之间（公元</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">713</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">年</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">-</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">公元</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">756</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">年），稍稍有茶，至德（公元</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">756</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">年</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">-</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">公元</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">758</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">年）、大历（公元</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">766</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">年</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">-</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">公元</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">779</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">年）遂多，建中（公元</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">780</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">年</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">-</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">公元</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">783</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">年）以后盛矣。”</SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="TexT-inDenT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">
根据《封氏闻见录》的记载，所谓“茶兴于唐”</SPAN> <span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">
，具体来说是兴盛于唐代中期。这一点，也和《全唐诗》、《全唐文》等唐代各种史籍的记述相一致。</SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="TexT-inDenT: 32pt"><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">
早在公元</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" XML:LANG="EN-US">1000</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">年，</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">周武王伐纣时，就有</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">以茶纳贡之事。产茶地区征收名特茶产品进贡皇朝，属土贡性质。唐王朝兴起宫庭御用珍品贡茶。代宗大历五年（公元</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">770</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">年），在顾渚山建（官办）贡茶院，“役工三万，累月方毕”</SPAN>
<span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">
。贡茶制度，对茶文化的影响深远，许多现代中国名茶，都源于古代贡茶的传承。</SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="TexT-inDenT: 32pt"><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">
唐代，茶叶已成为大宗物产和国家财政利税资源。榷茶是官府征收茶税，专卖和管制，限制私人经营，敛取经营之利的禁榷制度，始于唐。</SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="TexT-inDenT: 32pt"><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">
唐代文风兴盛，大批茶诗问世。卢仝《七碗茶歌》，空前绝后，传唱不衰。以茶为礼，茶会、茶宴、茶道等茶事活动逐渐形成。</SPAN></P>
<p><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">&nbsp;</SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="TexT-inDenT: 202.5pt; mso-char-indent-count: 13.5"><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">
四</SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="TexT-inDenT: 32pt"><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">
宋代、元代，茶区持续扩大，种茶、制茶、点茶技艺，日渐精湛。</SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="TexT-inDenT: 32pt"><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">
建州官焙、武夷山御茶园是唐代贡茶院的传承。前丁后蔡，宋元造龙团凤饼贡天子。指的就是这段历史。宋代丁渭、蔡襄先后出任福建路转运使，两人造大小龙团茶进贡，世谓大小龙团茶始于丁晋公（渭）而成于蔡君谟（襄）。苏轼在《荔支叹》诗中讽云：“武夷溪边粟粒芽，前丁后蔡相笼加。争相买宠各出意，今年斗品充官茶。”</SPAN>
<span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">
关于建州龙团凤饼贡茶采制之法，丁谓《北苑茶录》、蔡襄《茶录》等茶叶专著多有详细记载。</SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="TexT-inDenT: 32pt"><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">
宋徽宗赵佶亲著《大观茶论》，是我国惟一撰写茶书的帝王。</SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="TexT-inDenT: 32pt"><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">
始于唐代的《茶马互市》，至宋兴盛起来，用于易马的茶叶大量发展。</SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="TexT-inDenT: 32pt"><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">
宋代“斗茶”</SPAN> <span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">
之风兴起，推动了茶品质量的提高。</SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="TexT-inDenT: 32pt"><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">
宋代茶诗（词）丰富多彩，宋元之际有《卢仝烹茶图》、《斗茶图》名作问世，茶文化日积月累，源远流长。</SPAN></P>
<p><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">&nbsp;</SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="TexT-inDenT: 202.5pt; mso-char-indent-count: 13.5"><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">
五</SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="TexT-inDenT: 32pt"><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">
明代是茶叶生产和加工技术进步的重要时期。</SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="TexT-inDenT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">
洪武二十四年（公元</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">1391</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">年）朱元璋</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">诏令</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">“罢造龙团，惟采芽茶以进（贡）”。茶品由蒸青团饼茶，转变为炒青散茶。并在绿茶的基础上，创制出六大茶类和再加工的蒸压茶、窨花茶。</SPAN></P>
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贡茶愈造愈精细，劳民伤财。先在建瓯、后移到武夷山，</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">明嘉靖三十六年（公元</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">1557</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">年）茶枯，六安州贡茶取而代之。</SPAN></P>
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古代茶叶，唐人首称阳羡，宋人最重建州，元明贡茶，武夷雨前最胜，明末清初以降，上供专用六安。这是中国古代宫廷御用贡茶发展演变的路径，也是古代茶文化中心的历史变迁。</SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="TexT-inDenT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">
明代洪武二十四年（公元</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">1391</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">年</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">）“罢造龙团凤饼”后，</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">开启了</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">近现代茶品的先河。到明中叶，沈周（公元</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">1427</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">年</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">-</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">到公元</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">1509</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">年</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">）《书</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体">岕</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">茶别论后》记述的茶品有：罗</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体">岕</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">茶、清源茶、武夷茶、天池茶、虎丘茶、龙井茶、松萝茶、（庐山）云雾茶</SPAN>
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。成书于明末万历二十五年（公元</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">1591</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">年）的《事物绀诛》记述当时的茶名就有</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">97</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">品目。</SPAN></P>
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壶泡杯饮的饮茶方法渐成主流，盖碗杯盏、紫砂茶壶应运而生。</SPAN></P>
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明代强化茶政茶法，茶税科重，设茶课司，批验所，茶叶运销推行茶引制。设茶马司，专营茶马交易。严禁私茶，设巡察御史监管。</SPAN></P>
<p><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">&nbsp;</SPAN></P>
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六</SPAN></P>
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公元</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">1500</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">年前后（明弘治正德年间），是人类历史的一个重要分水岭。</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">500</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">年来，在人类现代进程的征途上，葡萄牙、西班牙、荷兰、英</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体">囯</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">、……</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span STYLE="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN></SPAN> <span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">
征服海洋，主宰世界的“商业战争”延绵不绝，此起彼伏。</SPAN></P>
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将中华茶文化传播到欧洲，最早是葡萄牙和西班牙（荷兰）人。时间也是公元</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">1500</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">年前后。茶叶对外贸易，把中国卷入了全球化大潮之中。</SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="TexT-inDenT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">1685-1757</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">年（清康熙二十四年到乾隆二十二年），即从粤海关成立到广州一口通商的</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">73</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">年间，茶叶出口从几吨、几十吨，增长到三、四千吨。</SPAN></P>
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自</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">1757</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">年（清乾隆二十二年）清政府限定广州一口通商后，茶叶出口贸易增速加快。据记载，</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">1750</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">年广州出口茶叶</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">3542</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">吨，到</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">1833</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">年出口</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">20416</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">吨。</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">83</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">年，净增</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">16874</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">吨左右。</SPAN></P>
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中国最早出口的主要茶品是松萝茶、武夷茶。并逐渐演变为屯溪绿茶，河口红茶，平水珠茶等大宗出口茶。以西湖龙井、洞庭碧螺春、黄山毛峰、六安瓜片、太平猴魁、信阳毛尖等为代表的名优绿茶和窨花茶、蒸压茶，主要市场为内销、边销、侨销。</SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="MArGin-Top: 7.8pt; TexT-inDenT: 30pt; Line-HeiGHT: 150%; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0">
<span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; Line-HeiGHT: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">1832</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; Line-HeiGHT: 150%; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">年（清道光十二年），出口茶叶</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; Line-HeiGHT: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">400320</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; Line-HeiGHT: 150%; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">担（约二万吨），价值</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; Line-HeiGHT: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">1500</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; Line-HeiGHT: 150%; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">万元。</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; Line-HeiGHT: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">1930-1933</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; Line-HeiGHT: 150%; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">年，华茶输出价值占我国出口货物总值</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; Line-HeiGHT: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">93.9%</SPAN> <span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; Line-HeiGHT: 150%; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
（康熙中期为</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; Line-HeiGHT: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">60%</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; Line-HeiGHT: 150%; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">左右）。是鸦片战争前广州出口茶叶的辉煌时期。</SPAN></P>
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鸦片战争前夕，中国茶叶输出总量约</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; Line-HeiGHT: 150%; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">3</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; Line-HeiGHT: 150%; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">万吨，商品量约</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; Line-HeiGHT: 150%; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">13</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; Line-HeiGHT: 150%; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">万吨。</SPAN></P>
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<span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; Line-HeiGHT: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">1834</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; Line-HeiGHT: 150%; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">年（道光十四年），英国从广州运出的商品，茶叶占首位，达</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; Line-HeiGHT: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">3200</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; Line-HeiGHT: 150%; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">万磅（</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; Line-HeiGHT: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">14515</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; Line-HeiGHT: 150%; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">吨）。中国外贸顺差仍然很大，白银仍源源流入中国，这就成了诱发鸦片战争的导火线。</SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="TexT-inDenT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">
鸦片战争后，茶叶对外贸易进一步发展，到</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">1869</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">年出口量达</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">10</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">万吨以上，</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">1886</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">年达</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">13.4</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">万吨为历史最高纪录。嗣后，走向衰落。到</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">20</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">世纪初，印度、斯里兰卡茶叶出口量先后赶上并超过我国。</SPAN></P>
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清末兴起洋务运动，变法图强。为振兴茶业，派员出国考察茶叶，设立植茶公所、茶叶改良场，开办茶务讲习所等。古代茶业，开始向现代茶业转型。</SPAN></P>
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<p STYLE="TexT-inDenT: 255pt; mso-char-indent-count: 17.0"><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">2013.2.23.</SPAN> <span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
定稿</SPAN></P><br /><img src="http://simg.sinajs.cn/blog7style/images/special/1265.gif">&nbsp;<a href="http://sina.allyes.com/main/adfclick?db=sina&bid=204720,469641,474922&cid=0,0,0&sid=473458&advid=358&camid=37389&show=ignore&url=http://qing.blog.sina.com.cn/tag/%E5%86%99%E7%9C%9F" target="_blank">青春就应该这样绽放</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://sina.allyes.com/main/adfclick?db=sina&bid=204720,469645,474926&cid=0,0,0&sid=473464&advid=358&camid=37389&show=ignore&url=http%3A%2F%2Funion.9173.com%2Fpub%3Fp%3D1%26u%3D1008" target="_blank">游戏测试：三国时期谁是你最好的兄弟！！</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://sina.allyes.com/main/adfclick?db=sina&bid=204720,469646,474927&cid=0,0,0&sid=473465&advid=358&camid=37389&show=ignore&url=http://qing.blog.sina.com.cn/tag/%E6%98%9F%E5%BA%A7" target="_blank">你不得不信的星座秘密</a><img src="http://sina.allyes.com/main/adfclick?db=sina&bid=204720,470173,475454&cid=0,0,0&sid=474001&advid=358&camid=37389&show=ignore&url=http://simg.sinajs.cn/blog7style/images/common/sg_trans.gif?t=2">]]></description>
            <author>老詹</author>
            <comments>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4e9bcc630101b1m1.html#comment</comments>
            <pubDate>Mon, 25 Feb 2013 09:50:15 +0800</pubDate>
            <guid>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4e9bcc630101b1m1.html</guid>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>沉痛吊唁继母詹查氏老孺人  2013年02月09日</title>
            <link>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4e9bcc630101as24.html</link>
            <description><![CDATA[<p STYLE="MArGin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><b STYLE="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 18pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 微软雅黑; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
沉痛吊唁继母詹査氏老孺人</SPAN></B></P>
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<p STYLE="MArGin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">&nbsp;<span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 18pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 微软雅黑; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'"><a href="http://blog.photo.sina.com.cn/showpic.html#url=http://s14.sinaimg.cn/orignal/4e9bcc63td53ece07622d&amp;690" TARGET="_blank"><img HEIGHT="920" SRC="http://s14.sinaimg.cn/mw690/4e9bcc63td53ece07622d&amp;690" WIDTH="690" NAME="image_operate_14601360366418828" /></A></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
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<p STYLE="MArGin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">2013.2.8.17</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">时继母詹查氏病逝享年</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">88</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">岁。</SPAN></P>
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晚辈年老体弱多病，近日天寒风雪，不能回乡奔丧，特发博客纪念。</SPAN></P>
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相关链接：</SPAN></P>
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继</SPAN></B><b STYLE="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><span STYLE="mso-spacerun: yes"><font FACE="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></B>
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母</SPAN></B></P>
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母亲病逝后</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 14pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 14pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">年左右，我有了继母。继母也是娘，但因为没有血缘关系，感情上总有一个看不见“断裂带”</SPAN>
<span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 14pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
。</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 14pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">在中国家庭，后娘难当，继子无情，是较普遍的社会现象。自已是怎样做人，左邻右舍又是用什么眼光议论，都容易引发出一些说不清的家庭矛盾。即是可以实现和谐，也要有一个较长的摩合期。我与继母，亦不例外。</SPAN></P>
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父亲是个明白人，可碰上这类家庭问题也左右两难。我</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 14pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">10</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 14pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">岁离开家庭，父亲让我寄宿在西递外婆家读私塾，可能是免得家庭矛盾的尴尬，从此我只有春节前后在家中作短时间的停留，继母待我也十分关照，在我的记忆中，我与继母没有发生过公开的矛盾。</SPAN></P>
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自从上初中后，暑假多蹲在学校里生活。吃饭穿衣多是父亲自已为我操办。大学四年没回过家，父亲也从没催我回家看看。</SPAN></P>
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工作后，回家机会也很少。但每次回家，都要叫继母陪我去西坑看看还健在的长辈和亲戚。</SPAN></P>
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大妹出嫁前，一直在家里生活，重男轻女的陋习，加上继母的无情，当然受了不少苦，但她总是默默地承受。即是到了老年，也不对人说幼年时不愉快的旧事。</SPAN></P>
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小弟成家后，小妺也出嫁了，大家庭分开过日子，俩位老人单过生活。</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 14pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">1985</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 14pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">年父亲病逝，时年</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 14pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">73</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 14pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">，继母</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 14pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">61</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 14pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">，我</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 14pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">49</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 14pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">，那年春节前，我乘到屯溪出差，接他到合肥过年，没出嫁的大外甥女也一路同行，在合肥住了近一个月，闲空时与她谈了许多往事。</SPAN></P>
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此后继母一人单独生活，自食其力，一切自已能做的，都自己动手，</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 14pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">70</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 14pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">多岁后还上山打柴烧锅，弟妹们也多有关照，我每年也有少量接济。</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 14pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">2003</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 14pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">年，继母八十上寿，我回黟县家中过年，在大弟家吃了团圆饭，还给她买了一套液化气餐具。从此每年端午、中秋、春节我总按时提前汇款回家，这是对长辈的责任，亦是对已故多年的父亲的一份安慰。继母在左邻右舍面前，总是说我对她如何关照。老人生活上吃穿不愁，但精神上总有几分孤独感，从我近年回乡与她的谈话中，能听出几分。</SPAN></P>
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<span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 14pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
继母今年已是</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 14pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">87</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 14pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">高龄，按老规矩说，我们家是“四世同堂”</SPAN>
<span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 14pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
。我同辈弟妹</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 14pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">5</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 14pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">人，孙子辈（包括外孙）</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 14pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">12</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 14pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">人，曾孙也已有</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 14pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">7</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 14pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">人。可经常在她身边的除了</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 14pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 14pt; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">位弟弟，只有西递旅游公司工作的侄儿，我常在电话里委托他照顾老人，寄去的钱也由他中转。诸多的儿孙们都还很孝敬，逢年过节和平日回乡，也都要给老人送钱送物。去年春节后回乡，见继母身体还硬实。</SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="MArGin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TexT-inDenT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0">
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现在，老一辈的亲人只有她还健在，这也是晚辈们的福分，祝她健康长寿。</SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="MArGin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TexT-inDenT: 238pt; mso-char-indent-count: 17.0">
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原载《书香·茶香》</SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="MArGin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 14pt" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font FACE="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="MArGin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TexT-inDenT: 238pt; mso-char-indent-count: 17.0">
&nbsp;</P><br /><img src="http://simg.sinajs.cn/blog7style/images/special/1265.gif">&nbsp;<a href="http://sina.allyes.com/main/adfclick?db=sina&bid=204720,469641,474922&cid=0,0,0&sid=473458&advid=358&camid=37389&show=ignore&url=http://qing.blog.sina.com.cn/tag/%E5%86%99%E7%9C%9F" target="_blank">青春就应该这样绽放</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://sina.allyes.com/main/adfclick?db=sina&bid=204720,469645,474926&cid=0,0,0&sid=473464&advid=358&camid=37389&show=ignore&url=http%3A%2F%2Funion.9173.com%2Fpub%3Fp%3D1%26u%3D1008" target="_blank">游戏测试：三国时期谁是你最好的兄弟！！</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://sina.allyes.com/main/adfclick?db=sina&bid=204720,469646,474927&cid=0,0,0&sid=473465&advid=358&camid=37389&show=ignore&url=http://qing.blog.sina.com.cn/tag/%E6%98%9F%E5%BA%A7" target="_blank">你不得不信的星座秘密</a><img src="http://sina.allyes.com/main/adfclick?db=sina&bid=204720,470173,475454&cid=0,0,0&sid=474001&advid=358&camid=37389&show=ignore&url=http://simg.sinajs.cn/blog7style/images/common/sg_trans.gif?t=3">]]></description>
            <author>老詹</author>
            <comments>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4e9bcc630101as24.html#comment</comments>
            <pubDate>Sat, 09 Feb 2013 07:15:00 +0800</pubDate>
            <guid>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4e9bcc630101as24.html</guid>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>茶事三人谈(之九)</title>
            <link>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4e9bcc630101anoo.html</link>
            <description><![CDATA[<p><font STYLE="FonT-siZe: 20px"><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
喜忧参半的茶产业</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">（之九）</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black" XML:LANG="EN-US">

</SPAN></FONT></P>
<p STYLE="MArGin-LeFT: 30pt; TexT-inDenT: -30pt; mso-char-indent-count: -2.0">
<font STYLE="FonT-siZe: 20px"><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
詹：说了大半天的茶事，主要是揭短。罗列了方方面面不如人意之丑陋。其实自</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black" XML:LANG="EN-US">20</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">世纪末茶叶外贸体制改革，</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black" XML:LANG="EN-US">21</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">世纪初逐步取消农业税以来，中国茶业经济已步入良性发展之路。侯记者你说说。</SPAN></FONT></P>
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<font STYLE="FonT-siZe: 20px"><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
侯：根据这些年我的观察，自</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black" XML:LANG="EN-US">1984</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">年茶叶价格体系和流通体制改革以来，到</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black" XML:LANG="EN-US">20</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">世纪末茶叶市场经济机制已初步建立，看不见的手在茶叶生产、流通中已显现出作用，尤其在</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black" XML:LANG="EN-US">1996</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">年来，各类茶产销实现平衡，进而显现出产能过剩的情况下，没有出现大面积的“卖茶难”，说明茶农、茶商们已初步适应了市场环境，民间力量缓解可产销失衡。</SPAN></FONT></P>
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<font STYLE="FonT-siZe: 20px"><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
钱：我们公司这些年按市场经济规律，以销定产，不断调控价格、产量。收购鲜叶、毛茶，自由交易，随行就市。茶业销售按市场商情，灵活调节各类茶品差价。</SPAN></FONT></P>
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詹：建国以来，除个别时期，我国茶园面积、茶叶产量、产值、出口量、内销量持续增长，在供不应求时，经济效益很好，若供过于求，产能过剩，只能通过减产，减亏减损。近些年，中国茶叶产能过剩，愈演愈烈，只是带来的经济损失，分散到千家万户，被缓解了。这些年茶叶平均价的上扬，多是劳动和物化劳动成本的推力。扣除成本和物价上涨因素，大宗茶产区农户人均纯收入平平。只有名茶优质资源区，农户人均纯收入增长显著。</SPAN></FONT></P>
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侯：回过头来，梳理一下以上的茶事，除农户、企业本身外多与政府有关。</SPAN></FONT></P>
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<font STYLE="FonT-siZe: 20px"><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
詹：</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black" XML:LANG="EN-US">10</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">多年前我开始关注县域茶业经济，并进行了一些个案研究。发现政府干预茶叶经济，作用有正有负，这决定于是否按经济规律办事。我常说，成也萧何，败也萧何。致于权力寻租，由于茶业企业小，盈利能力弱，能寻到的租子微不足道。但它有损政府的公信力，毁了公务员的人格形象，甚至陷入腐化的泥潭，不能自拔。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<p STYLE="MArGin-LeFT: 30pt; TexT-inDenT: -30pt; mso-char-indent-count: -2.0">
<font STYLE="FonT-siZe: 20px"><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
侯：去年中共召开了十八大，把防止腐败问题，提高到党和国家生死存亡的高度。最近</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: #333333; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">习总在中纪委全会上说：要加强对权力运行的制约和监督，“把权力关进制度的笼子里”，形成不敢腐的惩戒机制、不能腐的防范机制、不易腐的保障机制。</SPAN></FONT></P>
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詹：多年前，我就亲耳聆听了山东济南一位市长说，要对张庒茶市实行札口袋管理，防止部门伸手到袋里寻租。要从制度改革解决问题，要与时俱进，改进国家经济管理工作，为企业打造一个好的社会环境。这样，茶叶经济将会愈来愈好。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<p STYLE="TexT-inDenT: 168pt; mso-char-indent-count: 12.0"><font STYLE="FonT-siZe: 20px"><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">2013.1.28.<span STYLE="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN>
5600</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">字（全文完）</SPAN></FONT></P><br /><img src="http://simg.sinajs.cn/blog7style/images/special/1265.gif">&nbsp;<a href="http://sina.allyes.com/main/adfclick?db=sina&bid=204720,469641,474922&cid=0,0,0&sid=473458&advid=358&camid=37389&show=ignore&url=http://qing.blog.sina.com.cn/tag/%E5%86%99%E7%9C%9F" target="_blank">青春就应该这样绽放</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://sina.allyes.com/main/adfclick?db=sina&bid=204720,469645,474926&cid=0,0,0&sid=473464&advid=358&camid=37389&show=ignore&url=http%3A%2F%2Funion.9173.com%2Fpub%3Fp%3D1%26u%3D1008" target="_blank">游戏测试：三国时期谁是你最好的兄弟！！</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://sina.allyes.com/main/adfclick?db=sina&bid=204720,469646,474927&cid=0,0,0&sid=473465&advid=358&camid=37389&show=ignore&url=http://qing.blog.sina.com.cn/tag/%E6%98%9F%E5%BA%A7" target="_blank">你不得不信的星座秘密</a><img src="http://sina.allyes.com/main/adfclick?db=sina&bid=204720,470173,475454&cid=0,0,0&sid=474001&advid=358&camid=37389&show=ignore&url=http://simg.sinajs.cn/blog7style/images/common/sg_trans.gif?t=4">]]></description>
            <author>老詹</author>
            <comments>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4e9bcc630101anoo.html#comment</comments>
            <pubDate>Sat, 02 Feb 2013 06:35:09 +0800</pubDate>
            <guid>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4e9bcc630101anoo.html</guid>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>茶事三人谈(之八)</title>
            <link>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4e9bcc630101ak5k.html</link>
            <description><![CDATA[<p><font STYLE="FonT-siZe: 20px"><span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">权力寻租与认证文化</SPAN></FONT></P>
<p><font STYLE="FonT-siZe: 20px"><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
詹：</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="CoLor: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">2004</SPAN><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">年《茶周刊》曾转载过我写的茶文化讲座《茶叶认证文化和文化证》一文。</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="CoLor: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">8</SPAN><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">年过去了，我当年说的“文化”</SPAN>
<span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
，今天读起来，还自觉有些鲜活呢！</SPAN></FONT></P>
<p STYLE="MArGin-LeFT: 28pt; TexT-inDenT: -28pt; mso-char-indent-count: -2.0">
<font STYLE="FonT-siZe: 20px"><span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
钱：你先把“权力寻租与认证文化”</SPAN> <span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
给说一下好吗？</SPAN></FONT></P>
<p STYLE="MArGin-LeFT: 28pt; TexT-inDenT: -28pt; mso-char-indent-count: -2.0">
<font STYLE="FonT-siZe: 20px"><span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
詹：旧社会地主以“土地寻租”</SPAN> <span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
，市场经济有权力者以“权力寻租”</SPAN> <span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
。我这一说，你该明白了吧！认证是世界性的“认同”</SPAN> <span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
和“证明”</SPAN> <span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
的国家经济管理制度，其深层为制度文化（或称行为文化）。以权力寻租为价值观的文化，我称为认证文化，认证的政府部门都“认同”认证文化</SPAN>
<span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
，“被认证”</SPAN> <span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
的企业都“被认同”认证文化</SPAN> <span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<p STYLE="MArGin-LeFT: 28pt; TexT-inDenT: -28pt; mso-char-indent-count: -2.0">
<span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
<font STYLE="FonT-siZe: 20px">记：詹教授还真有几分幽默。近些年，食品安全问题，多由媒体发现曝光，当地监管部门才开杀戒，不可思议。看来也有权力寻租之嫌疑。</FONT></SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="MArGin-LeFT: 28pt; TexT-inDenT: -28pt; mso-char-indent-count: -2.0">
<font STYLE="FonT-siZe: 20px"><span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
钱：这些年企业为各类认证花了不少人力物力财力，可收效甚微。国外好的管理制度，引进到中国为什么“水土不服”</SPAN>
<span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
呢？</SPAN></FONT></P>
<p STYLE="MArGin-LeFT: 28pt; TexT-inDenT: -28pt; mso-char-indent-count: -2.0">
<font STYLE="FonT-siZe: 20px"><span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
詹：</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">2007</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">年我去浙江上虞参加<span STYLE="CoLor: black">《</SPAN>吴觉农茶业经济思想研讨会<span STYLE="CoLor: black">》，会上我说了一段</SPAN></SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="CoLor: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">QS</SPAN><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">寻租的事。散场后，一位素不相识的浙江茶企老板，追了我很长一段路，低声地对我说，你说出了他的心里话，为搞</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="CoLor: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">QS</SPAN><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">企业花了几十万。关于各类认证我过去已坦诚地说过自已的看法，有兴趣者可以去读我的文字。可千万莫断章取义，曲解了我的忧国为民之心。</SPAN></FONT></P><br /><img src="http://simg.sinajs.cn/blog7style/images/special/1265.gif">&nbsp;<a href="http://sina.allyes.com/main/adfclick?db=sina&bid=204720,469641,474922&cid=0,0,0&sid=473458&advid=358&camid=37389&show=ignore&url=http://qing.blog.sina.com.cn/tag/%E5%86%99%E7%9C%9F" target="_blank">青春就应该这样绽放</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://sina.allyes.com/main/adfclick?db=sina&bid=204720,469645,474926&cid=0,0,0&sid=473464&advid=358&camid=37389&show=ignore&url=http%3A%2F%2Funion.9173.com%2Fpub%3Fp%3D1%26u%3D1008" target="_blank">游戏测试：三国时期谁是你最好的兄弟！！</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://sina.allyes.com/main/adfclick?db=sina&bid=204720,469646,474927&cid=0,0,0&sid=473465&advid=358&camid=37389&show=ignore&url=http://qing.blog.sina.com.cn/tag/%E6%98%9F%E5%BA%A7" target="_blank">你不得不信的星座秘密</a><img src="http://sina.allyes.com/main/adfclick?db=sina&bid=204720,470173,475454&cid=0,0,0&sid=474001&advid=358&camid=37389&show=ignore&url=http://simg.sinajs.cn/blog7style/images/common/sg_trans.gif?t=5">]]></description>
            <author>老詹</author>
            <comments>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4e9bcc630101ak5k.html#comment</comments>
            <pubDate>Tue, 29 Jan 2013 07:41:15 +0800</pubDate>
            <guid>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4e9bcc630101ak5k.html</guid>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>茶事三人谈(之七)</title>
            <link>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4e9bcc630101aisx.html</link>
            <description><![CDATA[<p><font STYLE="FonT-siZe: 20px"><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
质疑茶业统计</SPAN></FONT></P>
<p><font STYLE="FonT-siZe: 20px"><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
记：上次你说“茶叶生产情况的统计数据是怎样“生产”</SPAN> <span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
出来的，它的误差</SPAN></FONT></P>
<p><font STYLE="FonT-siZe: 20px"><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
有多大，谁能说得清？”这话似乎对统计数据的可靠性有疑问。</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="CoLor: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">

</SPAN></FONT></P>
<p STYLE="MArGin-LeFT: 28pt; TexT-inDenT: -28pt; mso-char-indent-count: -2.0">
<font STYLE="FonT-siZe: 20px"><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
詹：</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="CoLor: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">2003</SPAN><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">年我在写中国茶业经济的转型一书时，编制了</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="CoLor: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">47</SPAN><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">个中国茶业统计表。对计划经济时期（</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="CoLor: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">1983</SPAN><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">年以前）的统计数据可靠性是认同的，对转型期（</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="CoLor: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">1984-2003</SPAN><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">）的统计数据也基本认同，但发现个别省的统计似乎有些异常，当然也说不出一二三。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<p STYLE="MArGin-LeFT: 28pt; TexT-inDenT: -28pt; mso-char-indent-count: -2.0">
<font STYLE="FonT-siZe: 20px"><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
记：</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="CoLor: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">2005</SPAN><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">年茶叶产量猛增</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="CoLor: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">8.5</SPAN><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">万吨，达到</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="CoLor: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">92</SPAN><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">万吨</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="CoLor: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">(</SPAN><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">后来又调整为年净增</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="CoLor: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">10</SPAN><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">万吨，年产量</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="CoLor: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">93.5</SPAN><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">万吨</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="CoLor: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">)</SPAN><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">。中国茶叶流通协会吴锡端认为，可能与取消农业税有关。即在征收茶叶税期间，产量被人为地低估了。你还编了一个</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="CoLor: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">1981-2005</SPAN><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">年的生产量修正统计表。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<p STYLE="MArGin-LeFT: 28pt; TexT-inDenT: -28pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: -2.0">
<font STYLE="FonT-siZe: 20px"><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
詹：</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">2004-2009</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">年，</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">6</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">年间，茶叶产量年均递增</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">10.0%</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">，茶叶出口年均递增</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">2.3%</SPAN> <span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
。在此期间，茶叶内销增幅应在</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">12%-13%</SPAN> <span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
。当然这是一个估计值，缺乏统计数据支持。出口量增速大大地低于生产量增速，内销量增速必然高于生产量增速。一反常态，<span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">6</SPAN>年间，年年攀升。笔者对自己</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">2006</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">年“善良的”假设产生了疑惑。</SPAN></FONT></P>
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记：你根据多年来市场调研资料，曾预测近期国内茶叶需求收入弹性，大体保持在</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">0.5</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">，则</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">GDP</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">增加</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">1</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">个百分点，国内茶叶需求增加</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">0.5</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">个百分点。如果这符合目前中国茶叶经济发展的现状，即近些年茶叶生产量统计数据“注水”了。</SPAN></FONT></P>
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詹：以上不严谨的分析，是我</SPAN><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">质疑茶业统计的原由。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<p STYLE="MArGin-LeFT: 28pt; TexT-inDenT: -28pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: -2.0">
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记：你说</SPAN><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">茶园面积崇拜、生产量崇拜，是</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="CoLor: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">GDP</SPAN><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">崇拜的“变种”</SPAN>
<span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
。其弊端何在。</SPAN></FONT></P>
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<font STYLE="FonT-siZe: 20px"><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
詹：前者上节已有阐述，即这两个总量指标，与茶园劳动生产率关联度不高。</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="CoLor: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">GDP</SPAN><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">崇拜的弊端，学者们多有精辟论述。但</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="CoLor: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">GDP</SPAN><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">是出于国家统计体系，并已扣除通胀因素，科学可靠。仍这些年的茶园面积、茶叶产量都有注水的嫌疑。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<p STYLE="MArGin-LeFT: 28pt; TexT-inDenT: -28pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: -2.0">
<font STYLE="FonT-siZe: 20px"><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
钱：听了教授这番话，增加了不少知识。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<p STYLE="MArGin-LeFT: 28pt; TexT-inDenT: -28pt; mso-char-indent-count: -2.0">
<font STYLE="FonT-siZe: 20px"><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
詹：对于统计、经济我也只知一些皮毛。自已</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 16pt; CoLor: #2b2b2b; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">对茶叶经济数字的兴趣，不知是猴年马月形成的。呵呵！可能这也是一种职业病，一时半会儿改不了。</SPAN></FONT></P><br /><img src="http://simg.sinajs.cn/blog7style/images/special/1265.gif">&nbsp;<a href="http://sina.allyes.com/main/adfclick?db=sina&bid=204720,469641,474922&cid=0,0,0&sid=473458&advid=358&camid=37389&show=ignore&url=http://qing.blog.sina.com.cn/tag/%E5%86%99%E7%9C%9F" target="_blank">青春就应该这样绽放</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://sina.allyes.com/main/adfclick?db=sina&bid=204720,469645,474926&cid=0,0,0&sid=473464&advid=358&camid=37389&show=ignore&url=http%3A%2F%2Funion.9173.com%2Fpub%3Fp%3D1%26u%3D1008" target="_blank">游戏测试：三国时期谁是你最好的兄弟！！</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://sina.allyes.com/main/adfclick?db=sina&bid=204720,469646,474927&cid=0,0,0&sid=473465&advid=358&camid=37389&show=ignore&url=http://qing.blog.sina.com.cn/tag/%E6%98%9F%E5%BA%A7" target="_blank">你不得不信的星座秘密</a><img src="http://sina.allyes.com/main/adfclick?db=sina&bid=204720,470173,475454&cid=0,0,0&sid=474001&advid=358&camid=37389&show=ignore&url=http://simg.sinajs.cn/blog7style/images/common/sg_trans.gif?t=6">]]></description>
            <author>老詹</author>
            <comments>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4e9bcc630101aisx.html#comment</comments>
            <pubDate>Sun, 27 Jan 2013 08:53:44 +0800</pubDate>
            <guid>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4e9bcc630101aisx.html</guid>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>茶事三人谈(之六)</title>
            <link>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4e9bcc630101ai6f.html</link>
            <description><![CDATA[<p><font STYLE="FonT-siZe: 20px"><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
莫以茶园面积、茶叶产量论“英雄”</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="CoLor: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US">

</SPAN></FONT></P>
<p STYLE="MArGin-LeFT: 28pt; TexT-inDenT: -28pt; mso-char-indent-count: -2.0">
<font STYLE="FonT-siZe: 20px"><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
记：根据有关资料，在全国</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="CoLor: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">7</SPAN><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">个主要产茶省中，安徽省茶园面积、茶叶产量、茶业产值，分别排次为</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="CoLor: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">6</SPAN><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">、</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="CoLor: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">7</SPAN><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">、</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="CoLor: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">7</SPAN><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">位，倒数第一。据说建国后相当一段时间，安徽茶叶经济都处于</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="CoLor: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">3</SPAN><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">甲之列。安徽这些年的茶叶生产落后了，有好事者认为，应急起直追。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<p STYLE="MArGin-LeFT: 28pt; TexT-inDenT: -28pt; mso-char-indent-count: -2.0">
<font STYLE="FonT-siZe: 20px"><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
詹：从茶叶经济角度看，与兄弟省比，这此年有差距，尤其是与福建、浙江等省差距是明显的。说倒数第一，是否太悲观了一点。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<p STYLE="MArGin-LeFT: 28pt; TexT-inDenT: -28pt; mso-char-indent-count: -2.0">
<font STYLE="FonT-siZe: 20px"><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
钱：刚才侯记者说的，明明是倒数第一吗？</SPAN></FONT></P>
<p STYLE="MArGin-LeFT: 28pt; TexT-inDenT: -28pt; mso-char-indent-count: -2.0">
<font STYLE="FonT-siZe: 20px"><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
詹：问题不像某些茶叶专家说的那样简单。首先，茶叶生产情况的统计数据是怎样“生产”</SPAN> <span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
出来的，它的误差有多大，谁能说得清？其次，茶叶是商品率很高的农产品，也是质量差价大的农产品。我认为农户人均茶叶纯收入，是目前反映经济效益的重要的劳动生产率指标，其次才是土地生产率。至于一个省的种植面积、产量、产值这些总量指标，与农户人均茶叶纯收入指标关联度并不大。第三，</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="CoLor: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">2011</SPAN><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">年第一产业增加值</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="CoLor: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">47712</SPAN><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">亿元，占国内生产总值的比重</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="CoLor: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">10.1%</SPAN><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">，茶业增加值更是微不足道。它与一个省的农业，乃至全省经济关联度也不大。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<p STYLE="MArGin-LeFT: 28pt; TexT-inDenT: -28pt; mso-char-indent-count: -2.0">
<font STYLE="FonT-siZe: 20px"><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
钱：有比较才有鉴别呀。你说说省与省、县与县、企业与企业之间该怎样比呢？</SPAN></FONT></P>
<p><font STYLE="FonT-siZe: 20px"><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
詹：我认为不要抽象的比总体，莫以茶园面积、茶叶产量论“英雄”</SPAN> <span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<p STYLE="MArGin-LeFT: 28pt; mso-para-margin-left: 2.0gd"><font STYLE="FonT-siZe: 20px"><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
要比具体的指标，从中找差距，学先进。只有可比的比较才有实际意义。我主张以自已的过去和现在比，并努力去创造更好的未来。茶园面积崇拜、生产量崇拜，是</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="CoLor: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">GDP</SPAN><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">崇拜的“变种”，误国不利民。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<p><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font STYLE="FonT-siZe: 20px">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></P><br /><img src="http://simg.sinajs.cn/blog7style/images/special/1265.gif">&nbsp;<a href="http://sina.allyes.com/main/adfclick?db=sina&bid=204720,469641,474922&cid=0,0,0&sid=473458&advid=358&camid=37389&show=ignore&url=http://qing.blog.sina.com.cn/tag/%E5%86%99%E7%9C%9F" target="_blank">青春就应该这样绽放</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://sina.allyes.com/main/adfclick?db=sina&bid=204720,469645,474926&cid=0,0,0&sid=473464&advid=358&camid=37389&show=ignore&url=http%3A%2F%2Funion.9173.com%2Fpub%3Fp%3D1%26u%3D1008" target="_blank">游戏测试：三国时期谁是你最好的兄弟！！</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://sina.allyes.com/main/adfclick?db=sina&bid=204720,469646,474927&cid=0,0,0&sid=473465&advid=358&camid=37389&show=ignore&url=http://qing.blog.sina.com.cn/tag/%E6%98%9F%E5%BA%A7" target="_blank">你不得不信的星座秘密</a><img src="http://sina.allyes.com/main/adfclick?db=sina&bid=204720,470173,475454&cid=0,0,0&sid=474001&advid=358&camid=37389&show=ignore&url=http://simg.sinajs.cn/blog7style/images/common/sg_trans.gif?t=7">]]></description>
            <author>老詹</author>
            <comments>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4e9bcc630101ai6f.html#comment</comments>
            <pubDate>Sat, 26 Jan 2013 08:35:52 +0800</pubDate>
            <guid>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4e9bcc630101ai6f.html</guid>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>茶事三人谈（之五）</title>
            <link>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4e9bcc630101afct.html</link>
            <description><![CDATA[<p><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
茶事三人谈（钱经理</SPAN> <span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
侯记者</SPAN> 

<span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">詹</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">教授）</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black" XML:LANG="EN-US">

</SPAN></P>
<p><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black" XML:LANG="EN-US">&nbsp;</SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="MArGin-LeFT: 28pt; TexT-inDenT: -28pt; mso-char-indent-count: -2.0">
<span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="mso-bidi-font-size: 15.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">&nbsp;</SPAN></P>
<p><font STYLE="FonT-siZe: 20px"><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
中国茶叶企业与</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'">“立顿”不具有可比性</SPAN></FONT><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="CoLor: red; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312" XML:LANG="EN-US"><font STYLE="FonT-siZe: 20px">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="MArGin-LeFT: 28pt; TexT-inDenT: -28pt; mso-char-indent-count: -2.0">
<span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
记：现在许多茶界人士，谈到茶叶企业规模，总是用低（产量低，科技含量低）、小（企业规模小）、散（产销分散）、弱（竞争力弱）来说事，总希望企业快速规模化。还有人念念不忘“立顿”，整天羡慕“立顿”。</SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="MArGin-LeFT: 28pt; TexT-inDenT: -28pt; mso-char-indent-count: -2.0">
<span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
钱：我的公司在编员工也有几十人，年销售额也早已过千万，可政府总是鼓励我做大，我自己也想上一个台阶，但总下不了决心？</SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="MArGin-LeFT: 28pt; TexT-inDenT: -28pt; mso-char-indent-count: -2.0">
<span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
詹：关于立顿，前几年写的文章，已说了自己的看法。中国茶叶企业历史长的也只有一二十年。计划经济时的茶厂、茶叶公司，不是严格意义上的企业</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">。<span STYLE="CoLor: black">中国没有老字号，建国前传承下来的老字号，</SPAN></SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="CoLor: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt" XML:LANG="EN-US">1956</SPAN><span STYLE="CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">年已划上句号。中国茶叶企业与</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">“立顿”不具有可比性。经济学有个词汇叫适度规模。企业不是越大越好，当然也不是越小越好。中国茶叶企业，低小散弱是事实，这是多方面的因素决定的，要改变这种现状，需要时间。这些年龙头企业规模扩大趋势明显，但中国目前茶叶企业多属小型企业和微型企业，且多为种茶农户、制茶农户和农户小茶庄。</SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="MArGin-LeFT: 28pt; TexT-inDenT: -28pt; mso-char-indent-count: -2.0">
<span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
侯：为什么中国茶叶企业难以做大？</SPAN></P>
<p STYLE="MArGin-LeFT: 28pt; TexT-inDenT: -28pt; mso-char-indent-count: -2.0">
<span STYLE="FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
詹：一是企业做大成本高；二是农民离不开土地。还有我也说不清的原因。</SPAN></P><br /><img src="http://simg.sinajs.cn/blog7style/images/special/1265.gif">&nbsp;<a href="http://sina.allyes.com/main/adfclick?db=sina&bid=204720,469641,474922&cid=0,0,0&sid=473458&advid=358&camid=37389&show=ignore&url=http://qing.blog.sina.com.cn/tag/%E5%86%99%E7%9C%9F" target="_blank">青春就应该这样绽放</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://sina.allyes.com/main/adfclick?db=sina&bid=204720,469645,474926&cid=0,0,0&sid=473464&advid=358&camid=37389&show=ignore&url=http%3A%2F%2Funion.9173.com%2Fpub%3Fp%3D1%26u%3D1008" target="_blank">游戏测试：三国时期谁是你最好的兄弟！！</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://sina.allyes.com/main/adfclick?db=sina&bid=204720,469646,474927&cid=0,0,0&sid=473465&advid=358&camid=37389&show=ignore&url=http://qing.blog.sina.com.cn/tag/%E6%98%9F%E5%BA%A7" target="_blank">你不得不信的星座秘密</a><img src="http://sina.allyes.com/main/adfclick?db=sina&bid=204720,470173,475454&cid=0,0,0&sid=474001&advid=358&camid=37389&show=ignore&url=http://simg.sinajs.cn/blog7style/images/common/sg_trans.gif?t=8">]]></description>
            <author>老詹</author>
            <comments>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4e9bcc630101afct.html#comment</comments>
            <pubDate>Wed, 23 Jan 2013 14:58:48 +0800</pubDate>
            <guid>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4e9bcc630101afct.html</guid>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>茶事三人谈（之四）</title>
            <link>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4e9bcc630101adds.html</link>
            <description><![CDATA[<p><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
（钱经理</SPAN> <span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
侯记者</SPAN> 

<span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">詹</SPAN><span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">教授）</SPAN><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black" XML:LANG="EN-US">

</SPAN></P>
<p><span LANG="EN-US" STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black" XML:LANG="EN-US">&nbsp;</SPAN></P>
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文化是中国茶之魂</SPAN></P>
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钱：这些年全国各地茶文化节我们公司也参加了不少，但我觉得似乎越来越找不到感觉。</SPAN></P>
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侯：今年四月有机会到某产茶县去参加茶文化节，各项活动多是政府官员和嘉宾迎来送去，红地毯、鲜花、爆竹，热闹非凡，茶艺美女们的表演有形无韵，茶文化论坛搞假大空，就是看不到创造茶文化的主人茶农、茶工、茶商、茶客们的身影。</SPAN></P>
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詹：我不反对办茶文化节，也不反对茶艺表演。侯记者的话点到了要害，是谁创造了茶文化？</SPAN></P>
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侯：我到过成都，朋友曾请我到茶馆喝过茶。茶馆文化当属茶文化的正宗吧。</SPAN></P>
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詹：属茶叶消费文化。文化是“人化”</SPAN> <span STYLE="FonT-siZe: 15pt; CoLor: black; FonT-FAMiLY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times new roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times new roman'">
。我们说自然景观是鬼斧神工，人文景观呢？应该是历史长河中，茶农茶工茶商茶客茶人的创造，是他们的生活方式的积淀。</SPAN></P>
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钱：中国古代从神农氏发现茶的药用价值，到后来饮茶的普及，贡茶和名茶发明，五千年的茶文化沃土，十分丰厚。</SPAN></P>
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詹：文化是中国茶之魂。中国人的饮茶习俗已是一种文化价值观。一方人喝一方茶，认同一方的生活方式（习俗），所以我说茶叶经济是诸侯经济。中国人与外国人饮茶习俗不同，中国地大，各地域饮茶习俗也是千差万别。</SPAN></P>
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侯：现在许多茶区都想搞茶文化旅游，詹教授有什么高见？</SPAN></P>
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詹：茶文化旅游要有文化，文化是茶文化旅游之魂，我前些时就写过这方面的短文，你可以浏览。茶山观光不是茶文化旅游。茶文化旅游要有人文景观。某些茶山与风光幽美的茶区，政府为发展旅游，把茶农赶出景区，破坏了鲜活的人文景观，编一个离奇故事，造一个假文化景点，并恶意炒作，实在叫人哭笑不得</SPAN>
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。自以为是文化的创新者，其实，是不识文化为何物的功利主义者。</SPAN></P>
<p><span LANG="EN-US" XML:LANG="EN-US">&nbsp;</SPAN></P><br /><img src="http://simg.sinajs.cn/blog7style/images/special/1265.gif">&nbsp;<a href="http://sina.allyes.com/main/adfclick?db=sina&bid=204720,469641,474922&cid=0,0,0&sid=473458&advid=358&camid=37389&show=ignore&url=http://qing.blog.sina.com.cn/tag/%E5%86%99%E7%9C%9F" target="_blank">青春就应该这样绽放</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://sina.allyes.com/main/adfclick?db=sina&bid=204720,469645,474926&cid=0,0,0&sid=473464&advid=358&camid=37389&show=ignore&url=http%3A%2F%2Funion.9173.com%2Fpub%3Fp%3D1%26u%3D1008" target="_blank">游戏测试：三国时期谁是你最好的兄弟！！</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://sina.allyes.com/main/adfclick?db=sina&bid=204720,469646,474927&cid=0,0,0&sid=473465&advid=358&camid=37389&show=ignore&url=http://qing.blog.sina.com.cn/tag/%E6%98%9F%E5%BA%A7" target="_blank">你不得不信的星座秘密</a><img src="http://sina.allyes.com/main/adfclick?db=sina&bid=204720,470173,475454&cid=0,0,0&sid=474001&advid=358&camid=37389&show=ignore&url=http://simg.sinajs.cn/blog7style/images/common/sg_trans.gif?t=9">]]></description>
            <author>老詹</author>
            <comments>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4e9bcc630101adds.html#comment</comments>
            <pubDate>Mon, 21 Jan 2013 17:02:20 +0800</pubDate>
            <guid>http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4e9bcc630101adds.html</guid>
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