I do not use MP3, a portable music player based on MP3 standard.我不使用mp3 ，便携式音乐播放器基于标准的mp3 。 The most famous MP3 brand is iPod from Apple.最著名的mp3品牌，是从ipod的苹果。 MP3 is good for people who have a lot of waiting time, such as in a line, in the bus, in the subway, or things like that. mp3这个良好的人，有很多的等待时间，例如在一条线，在巴士，地铁，或诸如此类。 MP3 is definitely a good time killer.支持mp3 ，绝对是一个很好的时间杀手。

MP3 stands for MPEG Audio Layer III and it is a standard for audio compression that makes any music file smaller with little or no loss of sound quality.支持mp3停机mpeg音频第三层，它是一个标准的音频压缩，使得任何音乐文件较小，与很少或没有损失音质。 MP3 is part of MPEG, an acronym for Motion Pictures Expert Group, a family of standards for displaying video and audio using lossy compression. mp3这个部分的mpeg ，缩写影业专家组，一个家庭的标准为展示视频和音频使用有损压缩。 Standards set by the Industry Standards Organization or ISO, beginning in 1992 with the MPEG-1 standard.标准是由行业标准组织或国际标准化组织， 1992年开始与mpeg - 1的水平。 MPEG-1 is a video compression standard with low bandwidth. mpeg - 1的是一个视频压缩标准低带宽。 The high bandwidth audio and video compression standard of MPEG-2 followed and was good enough to use with DVD technology.高带宽的音频和视频压缩标准的mpeg -2其次是够使用的dvd技术。 MPEG Layer III or MP3 involves only audio compression.的mpeg第三层或mp3只涉及音频压缩。
Timeline - History of MP3年表-历史的m p3

* 1987 - The Fraunhofer Institut in Germany began research code-named EUREKA project EU147, Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB). * 1987年-琅研究所在德国开始研究代号尤里卡计划e u147，数字音频广播（民建联） 。
* January 1988 - Moving Picture Experts Group or MPEG was established as a subcommittee of the International Standards Organization/International Electrotechnical Commission or ISO/IEC. * 1988年1月-运动图像专家组或m peg成立一个小组委员会，国际标准组织/国际电工委员会或国际标准化组织/国际电工。
* April 1989 - Fraunhofer received a German patent for MP3. * 1989年4月-琅收到德国专利的m p3。
* 1992 - Fraunhofer’s and Dieter Seitzer’s audio coding algorithm was integrated into MPEG-1. * 1992年-琅和迪特尔s eitzer的音频编码算法被纳入了m peg- 1 。
* 1993 - MPEG-1 standard published. * 1993年-m peg- 1的标准出版。
* 1994 - MPEG-2 developed and published a year later. * 1994年-m peg- 2的发展，并出版了一年以后。
* November 26, 1996 - United States patent issued for MP3. * 1996年11月26日-美国专利发出的m p3。
* September 1998 - Fraunhofer started to enforce their patent rights. * 1998年9月-琅开始执行其专利权。 All developers of MP3 encoders or rippers and decoders/players now have to pay a licensing fee to Fraunhofer.所有开发商的mp3编码或挖掘机及解码器/球员现在不得不支付专利许可费琅。
* February 1999 - A record company called SubPop is the first to distribute music tracks in the MP3 format. * 1999年2月-唱片公司呼吁节是首次发行歌曲，在m p3格式。
* 1999 - Portable MP3 players appear. * 1999年-便携m p3出现。

Collective Intelligence is a perspective that can be applied to many different kinds of phenomena.集体智慧，是一种视角，可以应用于许多不同的现象。 For instance, it suggests another way of thinking about things like organizational effectiveness, firm productivity, firm profitability, teamwork, and leadership.比如，它建议以另一种方式思考事情组织效能，坚定生产率，盈利企业，团队精神和领导。 The perspective of collective intelligence suggests questions like the following:(a) What would it mean for a group of people to be “intelligent”?视角集体智慧提出的问题如下： （一）什么意思的一组人"智能" ？ For instance, if a single superhuman intelligence had access to all the knowledge and resources of a company like IBM or General Motors, what would it do?举例来说，如果一个超人的智慧已经进入所有的知识和资源的公司，如ibm ，或通用汽车，会怎么做？ What strategies would it pursue?什么策略，它会追求？ How quickly could it respond to changes in the marketplace?如何能迅速回应市场变化？ How productively could it use factories and money?如何卓有成效的，它可以使用工厂和金钱？ How profitable would it be?如何有利可图便？ And-most importantly-how closely could we approximate the behavior of this imaginary superhuman intelligence by cleverly connecting real people and computers? -最重要的-如何密切，我们可以近似的行为，这种虚超人情报巧妙连接真正的人与电脑？

(b) What can we learn from the ways human brains are organized that might suggest new ways to organize groups of people to perform intelligently? （二）我们有什么可以借鉴的途径人脑组织，可能意味着新的方法，组团人履行智慧？ What can we learn from the ways people are organized that might help us understand how human brains are organized?我们有什么可以借鉴的途径人有组织，有可能帮助我们了解人类的大脑组织？

(c) The field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has, for decades, tried to create computer programs that can behave as intelligently as humans. （三）外地人工智能（爱） ，几十年来，试图建立计算机程序，可以表现为智能作为人类。 From the traditional AI point of view, letting people help a program while it is running is considered cheating.从传统的爱的角度来看，让人民帮助一个节目，而它运行的是被认为是作弊。 But what if that were fine?但如果被罚款？ What if the goal were to create combined human/machine systems that were more intelligent than either people or machines could be alone?如果有什么目标，要结合创建人/机系统，更智能比人或机器可单独？

The following is a list of top most frequently visited 15 Frontier Channels in August. 以下是名单上的最高层访问频繁，边境15频道在8月。

Top Visited Channels of Frontier Channels顶部参观通道前沿频道

1. 1 . Frontier Blog Frontier Blog博客边防前沿博客

2. 2 . Frontier Space Frontier Space边防前沿空间空间

3. 3 . Frontier Events Frontier Online Store边境事件，边境线上商店

4. 4 . Frontier Business Channel边疆商业频道

5. 5 . Frontier CreateRSS边疆createrss

6. 6 . Frontier Tech Channel前沿科技频道

7. 7 . Frontier US Channel美边境通道

8. 8 . Frontier Elite (Chinese)边防精英（中文）

9. 9 . Frontier Search前沿搜索

10. 10 。 Frontier Software软件前沿

Hwswworld.com users come from these countries: hwswworld.com用户来自这些国家：
China63.2% china63.2 ％
United States23.7%美国states23.7 ％
United Kingdom2.6%美国kingdom2.6 ％
Bulgaria2.6% bulgaria2.6 ％
India1.3% india1.3 ％

How do you judge a website’s popularity? 你如何判断一个网页的受欢迎程度？ The most popular criteria might be Alexa ranking. 最受欢迎的标准可能alexa的排名。 Alexa is a quick and easy way to estimate how popular your site is and how it compares to other sites. alexa的是一个快速和容易的方法来估计受欢迎你的网站是如何比较其他地点。 To find out how popular a website is, go to www.alexa.com . 为找出一个受欢迎的网站，去www.alexa.com 。 Here, you can enter the URL of any website; or you can install the Alexa toolbar directly onto your browser.  Please note alexa.com was purchased by Amazon.com many years ago, so you will not surprise  when you see a lots of  Amazon related ads  on their website 在这里，你可以输入url任何网站;或者，你可以安装alexa的工具条，直接到你的浏览器。请注意： 850购买亚马逊多年前，所以你不会惊讶，当你看到一个地段亚马逊相关广告在其网站上

When you install the Alexa toolbar on your browser, any website you visit displays its Alexa ranking number on the toolbar. 当你安装alexa的工具对你的浏览器，任何网站，你的访问显示其alexa的排名数量工具。 The ranking is from the number one site (ranking 1) to as many sites as there are (hundreds of millions). 排名是由头号网站（排序1 ）由于许多网站有（亿万） 。 The lower the Alexa ranking number, the more heavily visited the site. For example, Yahoo! 低alexa的排名多少，但更重现场视察。举例来说，雅虎！ Is 1, MSN.com is 2, and as of today, our website hwswworld.com.com is 234,533 1 ， live服务2 ，截至今天，我们的网站是hwswworld.com.com 234533

When you click on this ranking number in the toolbar, you will be directed to Alexa’s website. 当你点击这个数目排名在工具栏，你将针对alexa统计的网站。 Alexa provides you with certified ranking information to include on your website. alexa的为您提供认证信息排名列入你的网站上。 Alexa isn’t entirely accurate, because it relies on statistical sampling that isn’t random. alexa的，是不完全准确，因为它依靠统计抽样，是不会无的放矢。 Alexa achieves its ranking system by counting how many pages were visited by people who have downloaded their toolbar. alexa的达到其职级制度，由计数多少网页被访问的人有自己的下载工具。 And that group of people is anything but random: they tend to be webmasters, Internet marketers, and other market-minded people. 这一批人是什么，但随机：他们往往会网站，网上营销，和其他市场头脑的人。

While Alexa ranking is not perfect, it’s a quick way to catch a small snapshot of internet marketing information. 虽然alexa的排名并非十全十美，它的一个快速的方法来捕捉小快照网络营销信息。 For example, if you’re considering advertising with a site, check their ranking number to get an idea of how effective they might be at delivering high quality traffic to your website. 举例来说，如果你正在考虑广告与现场核对人数排名要知道效果如何，他们可能在提供高质量的交通贵网站。

Virtualization is a technique for hiding the physical characteristics of computing resources to simplify the way in which other systems, applications, or end users interact with those resources.虚拟技术隐藏的物理特性计算资源，以简化方式在其他系统，应用程序或最终用户的互动与这些资源。

An application such as VMWare,  Symantec or Microsoft Virtual PC can let Windows run Linux or other applications and vice versa on a virtual PC by encapsulating an operating system and applications within a virtual machine instead of separate physical servers.申请如vmware ，赛门铁克或微软虚拟电脑可以让windows操作系统或其它应用反之亦然一个虚拟电脑封装作业系统和应用虚拟机不是单独的物理服务器。

Virtualization lets a single physical resource (such as a server, an operating system, an application, or storage device) appear as multiple logical resources; or making multiple physical resources (such as storage devices or servers) appear as a single logical resource.虚拟技术可以让一台物理资源（如服务器，操作系统，应用，或者储存设备）出现多重逻辑资源;或把多个物理资源（如存储设备或服务器）似乎作为一个单一的逻辑资源。 Virtualization allows businesses to run multiple applications and operating systems on one server.虚拟技术允许企业运行多个应用程序和操作系统的一个服务器。 As a result, they can use fewer servers, use less power, and better manage their data.作为一个结果，他们可以用较少的服务器，使用较少的权力，更好地管理它们的数据。

Times flies like an arrow, six years passed since the 911 tragedy. 时间过得就像一支箭，六年过去了911悲剧。 Everyone knows 911 is the emergency number to reach police in the US, and the terrorists chose that special data to attack the world trade center in New York in 2001. 众所周知， 911是紧急号码，以达到警方在美国，恐怖分子选择这一特殊的数据来攻击世界贸易中心2001年在纽约。 I still remember in the morning 0f 9/11, 2001, when I got up, had a look at the home PC screen, and found a large photo with 2 smoking buildings at the first page of AOL, I was thinking it might be a Fool’s Day jock, but apparently it was not 4/1. 我还记得在早上庄9 / 11 ， 2001年，当我起床，看看家用电脑屏幕，发现一个大型图片2吸烟在建筑物的第一页在线，我心想这可能是傻瓜的一天jock ，但显然它不是4 / 1 。 So I turned on TV, and CNN among other major news channels were live reporting the 911 tragedy 所以，我打开电视，有线电视新闻网和其他各主要新闻频道实况报道九一一悲剧

I believe there might be many causes of 911 tragedy, but one is for sure, it is civilization collision, and non-civil ways might be not viable solutions in the long term. 我相信可能有很多原因，在九一一悲剧，但一个是肯定的，它是文明的碰撞，以及非公务员方式可能不是可行的解决办法是在长远。 If people love people, nation love nation, country love country, the whole mankind history might be totally rewritten. 如果人民热爱人民，热爱国家民族，热爱国家，国家，整个人类的历史可能完全改写。

Talking about the effects of 911, in business, you saw the Internet bubble was broken, in early 2002 both NASDAQ and DOWS went down in the history’s most significant, comparable to 1987 and 1929 scenes. 谈到影响911 ，在商业，你看到互联网泡沫破灭，在2002年初双方纳斯达克和迁移走下，在历史的最重要的，可媲美1987年和1929年的场面。 In daily life, you definitly have experience the long delays at the airport. 在日常生活中，你一定经历过长时间延误在机场。 However, things turn better during recent years. 然而，事情变得更好，在近几年。 The economy is back to the track, and life is back to normal. 经济又回到了正轨，生活回复正常。

No more wars, for the sake of every individual and every business. 不要再有战争，为了每一个人和每一个业务。

Just renewed annual car insurance, even have been purchasing car insurance for over a decade, there are things that you might do not understand well. 刚刚重新年度汽车保险，即使已购买汽车保险十多年来，有件事你可能不明白。 Car insurance protects one of you, your car, and your passengers. 车险保障之一，你，你的车和你的乘客。 But car insurance can be complicated, sometimes only those who in car insurance business can fully understand those terms and jargons, and often people fail to compare car insurance rates and in turn fail to reap the financial benefits of finding the best and affordable car insurance available to them. 但汽车保险可以很复杂，有时只有那些在汽车保险业务，可以充分理解这些术语和术语，而且往往失败的人，比较车险费率，并反过来不谋取经济利益中寻找最佳得起汽车保险可用给他们。 Don’t just assume since you are purchasing a very good car insurance policy that you will have to pay very high premiums. 不只是假设，因为你所购买的一个非常好的汽车保险政策，你将要付出很高的保费。 You can find a good car insurance if you use the right approach. 你可以找到一个好的汽车保险，如果你使用正确的方法。 What is a good car insurance? 什么是一个好的汽车保险？ It should be: 它应是：

. . Affordable - within your budget 负担-在你的预算

. . Reliable - insurance coverage you can trust, has been in business for significant long time, and with good reputation 可靠-保险，你可以信任，一直在生意相当长的时间，并具有良好信誉

. . Flexible - insurance policies available for drivers with less than perfect driving if necessary, freedom of choice on selecting body shop or mechanic if repairs are necessary, Original equipment manufacturer replacement parts are available 灵活-保单供司机不到完美驾驶，如果有必要，选择自由挑选体店或机械维修，如果有必要，原始设备制造商替换可供

. . Round-the-Clock Service - 7X24X365 available to report a claim 全天候服务-提供7 x24x365报案索赔

Here is one great car insurance rates portal that you can use to compare car insurance rates online, it has a comprehensive car insurance guide covering everything about auto insurance , do some due diligence there before you select your car insurance provider and get a most favorable car issuance policy 这里是一个很大的车险费率门，你可以使用比较车险费率网上，有一个全面的汽车保险指南涵盖一切关于汽车保险 ，做一些尽职调查之前，你选择你的汽车保险提供商，并得到了最有利的车发行政策

I believe nowadays most cell phones on the market have the bluetooth capability, however most of us just do not use it, some of them even are not aware their advantages. 我相信现在大多数手机，对市场有蓝牙功能，但是我们大多数人都不使用它，有些人甚至不知道自己的优势。 Of course it looks silly when you wear a bluetooth earphone walking in the street, however, it is extremely useful when you use a in-car bluetooth device so that you cell phone can now be hand free while you are talking on the road, less labor intensive and safer. 当然看起来傻当你戴上蓝牙耳机在街上，却是极其有用的，当你使用在汽车蓝芽装置，使你的手机，现在可以免费手，而你谈道，少劳动密集型和安全。

Bluetooth wireless technology is a short-range communications technology intended to replace the cables connecting portable and/or fixed devices while maintaining high levels of security. 蓝牙技术是一种短距离通信技术旨在取代电缆连接便携式和/或固定设备，同时保持高水平的安全。 The key features of Bluetooth technology are robustness, low power, and low cost. 主要特点蓝牙技术是稳健，低功耗，低成本。 The Bluetooth specification defines a uniform structure for a wide range of devices to connect and communicate with each other. 蓝牙技术规范定义了一个统一的结构，为多种设备连接，并互相沟通。

Bluetooth technology has achieved global acceptance such that any Bluetooth enabled device, almost everywhere in the world, can connect to other Bluetooth enabled devices in proximity.蓝牙技术已经取得了全球接受这种有蓝牙功能的手机，几乎在世界各地都可以连接其他蓝牙设备在附近。 Bluetooth enabled electronic devices connect and communicate wirelessly through short-range, ad hoc networks known as piconets.蓝牙电子设备连接和沟通，通过无线短程，特设网络称为piconets 。 Each device can simultaneously communicate with up to seven other devices within a single piconet.每个装置能同时沟通多达七个其他装置内的一个单一的微微。 Each device can also belong to several piconets simultaneously.每个器件也可以属于几个piconets同时进行。 Piconets are established dynamically and automatically as Bluetooth enabled devices enter and leave radio proximity. piconets建立动态，并自动为蓝牙设备进入和离开电台附近。

A fundamental Bluetooth wireless technology strength is the ability to simultaneously handle both data and voice transmissions.一个基本的蓝牙无线技术实力，是能够同时处理数据和语音传输。 This enables users to enjoy variety of innovative solutions such as a hands-free headset for voice calls, printing and fax capabilities, and synchronizing PDA, laptop, and mobile phone applications to name a few.这使得用户可以享受到各种创新的解决方案，例如免提耳机进行语音通话，印刷和传真功能，并同步掌上电脑，笔记本电脑，移动电话应用仅举几。

Please note since the introduction bluetooth technology to eliminate wire clutter in homes and offices by Ericcson 1994, more than a decade has been passed, and the wide adoption of the technology just starts to take off.  The adoption of technology really takes time, even it is cool. 请注意，自推出蓝牙技术，以消除杂波丝在家里和办公室，由爱立信1994年，十年以上已获得通过，并广泛采用的技术刚刚开始起飞 。 通过技术真的要花时间，它甚至就是酷。 It looks like Ericcson has not benefited too much from its invention of bluetooth technology 看来，爱立信并未受益太多从其发明蓝牙技术

Just upgraded Garmin GPS’s map from version 2006 to version 2007, hopefully it will be more accurate hence can save more time on the road刚升格的garmin定位的地图版本，从2006年到2007年版本，希望它会更精确，从而可以节省更多时间，对道路

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system made up of a network of 24 satellites placed into orbit by the U.S. Department of Defense.全球定位系统（全球定位系统）是一种基于卫星的导航系统组成的网络， 24颗卫星送入预定轨道，由美国国防部。 GPS was originally intended for military applications, but in the 1980s, the government made the system available for civilian use.全球定位系统原本用于军事用途，但在八十年代，政府作了系统，供平民使用。 GPS works in any weather conditions, anywhere in the world, 24 hours a day.工程定位在任何天气条件下，在世界上任何地方，一天24小时。 There are no subscription fees or setup charges to use GPS.有没有订阅费或者安装费使用全球定位系统。

GPS satellites circle the earth twice a day in a very precise orbit and transmit signal information to earth.全球定位系统卫星圈地球每天两次，在一个非常精确的轨道和信号传输信息地球。 GPS receivers take this information and use triangulation to calculate the user’s exact location.全球定位系统接收机借此信息和利用三角计算用户的确切位置。 Essentially, the GPS receiver compares the time a signal was transmitted by a satellite with the time it was received.基本上，全球定位系统接收机相比，时间信号转发卫星的时候，它得到的。 The time difference tells the GPS receiver how far away the satellite is.时差告诉接收机多远卫星。 Now, with distance measurements from a few more satellites, the receiver can determine the user’s position and display it on the unit’s electronic map.现在，距离测量，从数个卫星接收机能够确定用户的位置，并把它显示对该股的电子地图。

A GPS receiver must be locked on to the signal of at least three satellites to calculate a 2D position (latitude and longitude) and track movement.一个全球定位系统接收机必须锁定在信号至少三颗卫星计算二维位置（经度和纬度）和运动轨迹。 With four or more satellites in view, the receiver can determine the user’s 3D position (latitude, longitude and altitude).具有4个或更多的卫星认为，接收机能够确定用户的三维位置（纬度，经度和高度） 。 Once the user’s position has been determined, the GPS unit can calculate other information, such as speed, bearing, track, trip distance, distance to destination, sunrise and sunset time and more.一旦用户的立场已经确定，全球定位系统可以计算的其他信息，如速度，轴承，轨道，出行距离，距离目的地，在日出和日落的时间和更多的。

Today’s GPS receivers are extremely accurate, thanks to their parallel multi-channel design.今天的全球定位系统接收机是非常准确的，由于其并行多通道设计。 A GPS’s multiple parallel channel receivers are quick to lock onto satellites when first turned on and they maintain strong locks, even in dense foliage or urban settings with tall buildings.一个全球定位系统的并行多通道接收机迅速锁定卫星时，首先开启和他们保持强劲的门锁，即使在密集叶面或城市设置与高楼大厦。 Certain atmospheric factors and other sources of error can affect the accuracy of GPS receivers.大气中的某些因素和其他来源的误差，影响精度定位系统接收机。 State-of-the-art GPS receivers are accurate to within 15 meters on average.国有当代最先进的全球定位系统接收机准确以内， 15米平均。 Newer GPS receivers with WAAS (Wide Area Augmentation System) capability can improve accuracy to less than three meters on average.新的全球定位系统接收器的waas （广域增强系统）的能力，可以提高精度小于3米平均。 No additional equipment or fees are required to take advantage of WAAS.无需额外设备或收费须把握的waas 。 Users can also get better accuracy with Differential GPS (DGPS), which corrects GPS signals to within an average of three to five meters.用户还可以得到更好的准确度与差分全球定位系统（ dgps ） ，其中纠正全球定位系统信号以内，平均三至五米。 The U.S. Coast Guard operates the most common DGPS correction service.美海岸警卫队运作最常见差分校正服务。 This system consists of a network of towers that receive GPS signals and transmit a corrected signal by beacon transmitters.这个系统组成的网络水塔，全球定位系统接收信号和发送信号更正灯塔由发射机。 In order to get the corrected signal, users must have a differential beacon receiver and beacon antenna in addition to their GPS为了得到纠正信号，用户必须有一个鉴别标接收机和天线灯塔除了其定位

Traditional computation models are based either on Turing Machine model or Von Neumann model, which will definitely work if to meet the challenge of the demand of true artificial intelligence传统的计算模型是以要么就图灵机模型或冯诺依曼模型，其中必定如果工作，以满足最具挑战性的需求真正人工智能

Natural Computing is devoted to the study of computing occurring in nature and computing inspired by nature.自然计算是专门研究计算机发生的性质和计算的启发性。 In the rapidly evolving field of computer science natural computing plays an important role as the catalyst for the synergy of human designed computing with the computing going on in nature.在快速演变的领域的计算机科学计算自然起着重要作用，作为催化剂的协同设计的人与电脑的运算持续性。 This synergy leads to a deeper and broader understanding of the nature of computation.这种协同作用导致了更深和更广的性质的理解计算。 Although natural computing is concerned also with experiments and applications.虽然自然计算而言，也与实验和应用。 The state-of-the-art hot topics in Natural Computing include evolutionary computing, neural networks, molecular computing, and quantum computing, just to name a few.国家- -艺术热点计算自然包括进化计算，神经网络，分子计算机，量子计算机，只是为了一个名字很少。