社会热点类背诵

（1）2006年真题。Directions:

  Study the following photos carefully and write an essay in which you should:

   1) describe the photo briefly,

   2) interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them, and

   3) give your points of view.

You should write about 200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

真题分析：

    本题又出现了照片，而且这一次是两幅照片。但是这两幅照片没有对比关系，只是并列关系，用来说明同一个问题。左图中一个男子将贝克汉姆的名字写在自己的脸上，右图另一个男子不惜花300元来做一个“小贝头”，这两种现象都是源自他们对于贝克汉姆的疯狂崇拜。明星崇拜在我们现在这个社会中已经见怪不怪了，正是人们的追星使得娱乐业发展成为了一个巨大的产业。许多青少年和年轻人只是因为某个明星歌唱得好，或者戏演得好，或者长得帅气或者漂亮，就盲目地对他们进行崇拜，模仿明星的一言一行，而对于其中良莠不齐的影响不加辨别、全盘吸收，从而影响了他们自身的成长和发展。因此，我们很容易就可以判断出本题的目的在于指出年轻人应该树立正确的世界观、人生观、价值观，树立积极向上的人生追求和生活方式。

思路拓展：

    这一类题型包括了除上述9类热点问题以外的其他各类问题，内容自然包括万象，需要考生关注平时生活中的点点滴滴细节。对于一些社会问题，我们可以指出道德和价值取向上的对与错；对于另一些问题，我们只需要提出自己的见解和看法，因为那些问题本身就不存在是否真理或谬误的限制。考生需要靠自己的知识和判断，在面对考题是灵活应对。

范文：

  The two pictures illustrate vividly the popularity of the famous British soccer star David Beckham. In the left picture a man painted Beckham’s name on his face to show his support for Beckham, while in the right another is willing to spend three hundred yuan to have a hairstyle that is exactly the same as Beckham’s.

  From the two pictures we can sense a crazy tendency of idol worship in today’s China. Star fans, the majority of whom are teenagers and young adults, are used to blindly following every aspect of celebrities’ behavior, accepting both positive and negative influences as universal truths. Aside from Beckham, another telling example is the nation-wide “Super-Girl competitions” held in past two years in China. They were so successful in drawing fans’ attention and emotions that the ups and downs of the “super girls” had almost constituted the whole lives of their frenetic followers.

  Admittedly, it is natural that those cool and fashionable stars seem attractive to the youth. Nevertheless, it is the responsibility of our government and society to guide young people in building a wholesome outlook towards the world and life. In my opinion, what’s most important is to have them adore worthy values and qualities, such as honesty, diligence, and persistence.

译文：

    这两幅图生动地展现了英国足球明星贝克汉姆的受欢迎程度。在左边的图中一个男人把贝克汉姆的名字醒目地写在脸上以显示对小贝的支持，右边的这幅图中另一个人愿意花300元钱做一个和贝克汉姆一样的发型。

    从这两幅图中我们可以看到在当今中国疯狂的偶像崇拜趋势。追星族大多数都是青少年和年轻人，他们盲目地模仿名人各个方面的行为，并把名人的正面和负面影响都当作普遍适用的真理。除了贝克汉姆，另一个生动的例子就是在过去的两年中盛行于中国的“超女比赛”，这场比赛成功地调动了追星族们的注意力和情感，以至于“超女”们的起伏跌宕几乎构成了那些狂热歌迷们的全部生活。

    诚然，既酷又时髦的明星对年轻人有很大的吸引力。但是，政府和社会有责任指导年轻人们建立健康的世界观和人生观。我认为最重要的是让年轻人追求更有价值的品质，如诚实、勤奋、坚持不懈等。

闪光词汇及词组：

teenager: n. 青少年

blindly: adv. 盲目地

celebrity: n. 名人

universal: adj. 普遍的

aside from: 除……以外

telling: adj. 有效的，明显的，生动的

ups and downs: 起起伏伏，成功和失败

constitute: v. 组成

frenetic: adj. 狂热的

wholesome: adj. 健康的，有益的

outlook of world and life: 世界观和人生观

adore: v. 崇拜，爱慕

worthy: adj. 有价值的，值得的

diligence: n. 勤奋

persistence: n. 坚持，持续

万能句型：

The two pictures illustrate vividly…

In the left picture…while in the right…

From the two pictures we can sense…

Admittedly, it is natural that…Nevertheless…

家庭关系类背诵

（1）2005年真题。Directions:

  Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should first describe the drawing, then interpret its meaning, and give your comment on it.

You should write on ANSWER SHEET 2.

真题分析：

    本题是非常典型的看图作文。乍一看这是一场非常奇怪的足球赛，竟然有四个球门。仔细一看才发现原来这是一场赡养老人足球赛。我们很容易就可以发现其中人物关系。守着四个球门的是老人的三个儿子和一个女儿，他们的衣着显示出了他们有足够的经济能力来赡养父亲，但是他们都不愿意承担这个责任。很明显出题者要求考生批判这种不良社会风气，对那些不愿意赡养老人的儿女们提出谴责，并指出尊敬老人是我们中华民族的传统美德，应该继续发扬。

思路拓展：

    我们可以发现，近几年来的考研题目选取了许多关系到人们的道德水准、价值取向等方面相关的社会问题。家庭和亲情是我们这个社会永恒的主题，其中涉及到子女教育、父母与子女之间的感情关、利益关系等等，许多都是非常发人深省的。考生要重点关注道德方面的社会热点问题，为考研积累素材。

范文：

  The cartoon displays a very special and thought-provoking soccer game: the four goals are kept by an old man’s three sons and one daughter, while the old man himself becomes the ball, being kicked among the four corners by his “beloved” children. It is clearly indicated that none of them is willing to spare a tiny portion of time and money to repay their old father who have raised them.

  Through the artistic presentation, we can be easily reminded of a popular phenomenon in today’s society, that is, disrespect towards elders and shirking of the responsibility of nursing aging parents. The boosting economic development in China sadly witnesses a deterioration of the public awareness of filial duty, which had taken an indispensable position in traditional Chinese values for thousands of years. However, as the society grows more benefit-oriented, the once unbroken bond between parents and children is fundamentally shaken and begins to collapse.

  In my point of view, the trend goes quite against the genuine and original purpose of our pursuit of wealth and welfare, that is, to shape a rich life both materially and mentally. Thinking of the love we received from our parents when swaggering babies, we must realize that repaying parents by a happy life with financial and psychological support is not only a duty that should not be shrugged off, but a key element to achieve a harmonious society.

译文：

    这幅漫画展示了一场特殊而又发人深省的足球赛：四个球门由一个老人的三个儿子和一个女儿分别把守，而老人自己则是那个足球，在四个角落之间被他“亲爱的”孩子们踢来踢去。很显然，哪个孩子都不愿意花一点点时间和金钱来报答曾经抚育他们成长的老父亲。

    这幅图以艺术的方式提醒我们当今社会的一个普遍现象，那就是人们对老人的不尊敬、以及逃避赡养父母的责任。中国经济的迅速发展却带来了人们孝顺意识减退，这是让人悲哀的、也极具讽刺意味，因为赡养老人的责任在中国几千年的传统价值中占有重要的地位。但是，随着社会上追求利益的风气日益盛行，父母和子女之间那种曾经无法割裂的关系却受到了根本性的动摇。

    我认为这种趋势与我们追求财富和利益的初衷是违背的，我们的目的是达到物质和精神的双丰收。想一想当我们还是蹒跚学步的孩子时父母曾给我们的爱，我们应该意识到回报给父母金钱和精神上的幸福生活不仅仅是我们无法推却的责任，也是我们实现和谐社会的重要因素。

闪光词汇及词组：

thought-provoking: adj. 发人深思的

beloved: adj. 所爱的，心爱的

disrespect: n. 不尊敬，不尊重

shirk: v. 逃避，推却

nurse: v. 护理，照看

deterioration: n. 变坏，退化，堕落

filial: adj. 子女的，当作子女的

indispensable: adj. 不可缺少的，必要的

benefit-oriented: adj. 追求利益的

bond: n. 关系，联系

collapse: v. 倒塌，崩溃，失败

swaggering: adj. 蹒跚学步的

shrug off: v. 逃避，推脱

万能句型：

The cartoon displays a very special and thought-provoking…

Through the artistic presentation, we can be easily reminded of…

In my point of view, the trend goes quite against the genuine and original purpose of…

人生价值类背诵

（1）2004年真题。Directions:

  Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should:

  1) describe the drawing,

2) interpret its meaning, and

3) support your view with examples.

You should write about 200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

真题分析：

   本题承袭了考研漫画内容简洁、寓意深刻的风格。一个满头大汗的运动员正冲破了一次长跑比赛的终点，而在终点的不远处，赫然标着两个大字“起点”。通过漫画的题目“终点又是新起点”，考生很容易就可以抓住本题的中心论点：在人生道路上，我们不能仅仅满足于一两次的成功，而只有不断地追求，我们才能取得进步和发展。这也符合哲学上事物是不断发展的这一趋势和真理。针对这类人生奋斗类的题型，一般提纲都会要求考生举出事例，即使提纲没有要求，考生最好也能够写出一两个事例，以增强文章的说服力。一般来说，在这种情况下，举残疾人、先进人物等的例子会比较切题，有效地加强文章的力度。

思路拓展：（见下题）

范文：

  The picture presents a young runner who just finishes a long run and arrives at the finish line, sweating and smiling. While he stand at the end, a sign stating “beginning” lies not far away from his position, indicating that “an end means a new beginning”.

  It is true that when a runner reaches the end of one race, he needs to realize that his immediate task is how to achieve the next goal, instead of indulging the past glory and accomplishment. The identical truth applies to every individual, organization, and nation, that setting new goals continuously is the source of advancement.

  The deaf and mute American girl Helen Keller is a typical example of our case, as she had spent her whole life struggling and striving for one goal after another. It is not surprising that she finally turned out to be an excellent writer. Equally, businesses and industries should keep setting new tasks in order to preserve their competitiveness. Microsoft, for instance, never ceases creating new products the company launched Vista, Office 2007 and Exchange Server recently though it is already being such a huge conglomerate. In short, it is non-stop efforts that lead to progress.

译文：

    该图展示了一个运动员刚完成一场赛跑、达到终点，他满头大汗但是却非常满意地微笑着。在他所站的终点标志附近，该图标出了“起点”的标志，说明了“终点是新的起点”。

    确实，当一个运动员跑到终点的时候，他必须马上意识到他的下一个任务是达到新的目标，而不是沉湎于过去的荣耀和成就。同样的道理也适用于每一个个人、组织、以及国家，即不断地设立新的目标才能不断地前进。

    聋哑的美国女孩海伦.凯勒是这方面的一个典型例子，因为她一生都在为一个接一个的目标而努力和奋斗。因此，她最后变成了一个优秀的作家并不令人惊讶。同样的，工商界如果想要保持它们的竞争力，就要不断地为自己设立新任务。例如，微软公司作为如此大型的一个集团，也从来没有停止创造新产品的脚步，该公司在最近发布了Vista, Office 2007 和Exchange Server三大产品。总的来说，永不停止的努力才能引领进步和发展。

闪光词汇及词组：

sweating and smiling: 这里我们要介绍英语中的一种特殊的修辞方法，叫做alliteration，即“头韵”。一般在汉语以及英语中我们讲究压尾韵，而英语中经常可以把一些开头的辅音相同的单词组合在一起，读起来也非常琅琅上口。考生如果能在平时有意识地收集这些头韵组合，在考试中用上一两个，会大大为文章添彩。类似的短语还有我们在“经典应用文背诵”部分中提到的safe and sound。“He has more brawn than brain”，他四肢发达头脑简单。

achieve: v. 达到，完成

glory: n. 荣耀，光荣

accomplishment: n. 成就

identical: adj. 同一的，同样的

advancement: n. 前进，进步

turn out to be: 变成

conglomerate: n. 大集团

launch: v. 发行，投放市场

non-stop: adj. 不停的

万能句型：

The picture presents…

It is true that…

…is a typical example of our case

… it is not surprising that…

… Equally…

In short…

（2）2007年真题。

  Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should:

 1) describe the drawing briefly,

 2) explain its intended meaning, and then

 3) support your view with an example/examples.

You should write on ANSWER SHEET 2.

真题分析：

    在这道最新的考研题目中，出题漫画较往年显得更加生动有趣，寓意也十分明显。在一位球员即将进球的瞬间，球员和守门员都显得犹豫不决。球员认为守门员长得极其高大从而挡住了球门，使他的攻击几乎变成了“mission impossible”（不可能完成的任务）。同时，守门员却觉得自己太渺小而球门太大，守门的任务十分艰巨，同样也是“mission impossible”。对于有中文文化背景的学生来说，很容易就可以联想到《孙子兵法》中说的“知己知彼，百战不殆”，也就是说，只有充分了解自己和对手的所有优缺点，我们才能够有足够的信心取得最终的胜利。从这一点上我们可以继续引申，说明无论是个人、组织甚至对于国家来说，无论遇到什么情况，都要正确的评估自己以及具体事例的特点，从而充满信心地去取得应该取得的成就。

思路拓展：

关于人生价值类的题目在短短几年时间内竟然考了两次，这必须引起我们的高度重视。出题者的思路也是可以理解的，正在参加考研的大学生们都风华正茂，处于人生扬帆的关键时刻。这个时候大学生们需要树立正确的世界观、人生观和价值观，从而有助于他们在将来的人生道路上取得成功。

人生价值的内容包罗万象，有对成功的理解、对生活的态度、对知识和学习的定位等等，以及如何面对困境和挫折、如何正确认识金钱和人生的关系等等。这一类话题并不总是热点话题，但又和许多领域紧密相连，特别是和教育领域的相关话题有关。同时，我们在许多社会现象中也可以发现人们不同的人生价值，媒体上也经常组织相关的大讨论，考生应予以密切关注。

范文：

  This picture shows a critical moment that can occur in any soccer game—a players is about to kick the ball while the keeper is fully ready for the attack. Interestingly, the player and the keeper are experiencing quite opposite psychological processes: the player thinks the task is extremely difficult as the goal is quite small compared with the huge keeper, while the latter fears that the goal is too enormous for him to protect.

  It is conspicuously indicated that in order to gain confidence and achieve success, we not only need to attain a thorough understanding of ourown merits and disadvantages of ourselves, but also those aspects of our opponents. Both the player and the keeper merely focus on their own faults and their counterparts’ advantages, leading to their hesitation at the key time.

  In a recent interview of hurdler Liu Xiang, he revealed that his success is partly owed to his training team’s study of his strong competitors around the world, so that he can learn from the others and is more confident when facing any new race. Just as the ancient Chinese philosophical book The Art of War concludes, if you know yourself and your enemy, you’ll never lose a battle.

译文：

    该图展示的是一场足球比赛中的关键时刻——一个球员正准备要进球，而守门员正全力准备回击这次进攻。有趣的是，球员和守门员正在经历相反的心理历程：球员认为这项任务非常艰巨，因为球门如此之小而守门员长得高达威猛；守门员却害怕球门太大而他自己太渺小，很难保护球门。

    这幅图告诉我们，为了取得信心、达到胜利，我们不仅要对自己的优缺点有充分的了解，而且还要对对手的优缺点有充分了解。但是，图中的球员和守门员只想到了自己的缺点和对手的优点，因此在关键时刻踌躇不前。

    在对著名中国运动员刘翔的一个最近的采访中，他透露了自己的成功部分归功于他的训练队详细研究了他在世界各国的对手们的特点，因此他可以学习他人的优点，于是面对比赛的时候更有信心。就像中国古代著名的兵书《孙子兵法》总结的那样，知己知彼，百战不殆。

闪光词汇及词组：

be about to: 将要, 正打算

psychological: adj. 心理上的

enormous: adj. 巨大的，庞大的

attain: v. 获得，达到

merely: adv. 仅仅

counterpart: n. 相对物或人

hesitation: n. 犹豫，踌躇

glorious: adj. 光荣的

race: n. 赛跑

The Art of War: 《孙子兵法》

万能句型：

This picture shows a … moment that can occur in

It is conspicuously indicated…

Just as the ancient Chinese philosophical book The Art of War concludes, if you know yourself and your enemy, you’ll never lose a battle.

教育类背诵

（1）2003年真题。Directions:

  Study the following set of drawings carefully and write an essay in which you should:

  1) describe the set of drawings, interpret its meaning, and

  2) point out its implications in our life.

You should write about 200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

真题分析：

    这又是一组对比的组图，非常简单明了。两张图的大背景都是暴风雨交加的恶劣天气，在左边的图中，花朵在温室中绚烂地开放；而右图中，同样的一朵花在离开了温室之后就黯然凋谢了。组图题为“温室花朵经不起风雨”，考生稍加分析就可以发现该图并不只是谈论花朵，而更是指向了我们平时所说的“祖国的花朵”们，也就是孩子们，这就自然而然地和社会问题联系在了一起。中国在实施了计划生育之后，独生子女们成为了家里的“小皇帝”、“小公主”，受到全家人的百般呵护，从小就在蜜罐中长大。这些孩子们人生道路几乎都是一帆风顺，没有经历过大的困难和挫折，因此一旦离开了父母的保护，就很容易由于经不起各种社会现实的打击而一蹶不振。通过这番分析，我们就可以得出文章的主要论点，即受到过分溺爱的孩子们经不起挫折和逆境。

思路拓展：

    独生子女成长的问题在很大程度上牵涉到了中国的教育制度和教育方法等全方位的问题。我们可以联想到现阶段在教育界存在的其他热点问题，如传统灌输教育和素质教育之间的关系、孩子的学习和娱乐之间的关系、学生们的全面发展问题、教育费用和教育负担的问题、教育质量的问题、城乡教育制度差别的问题、教育公平性问题等等。这些问题都是平时政府、民众和媒体非常关注的问题，考生借助自己的大学生活背景也能够了解许多相关的情况。应该说，教育类的话题对于考生说是一个比较熟悉、也相对比较简单容易的话题。

范文：

  As the title indicates, “greenhouse flowers cannot survive unpleasant weather”, the set of pictures apparently reminds us that excessive protection only leads to negative results. When a flower blossoms in the greenhouse despite of the external rain and thunder, it withers immediately once being moved out of its cozy haven.

  Children in China are always compared to “the flowers of our motherland”. It is alarming that a large portion of them are in danger of experiencing a similar misfortune to the flower in the picture. This is partly attributed to the birth of a generation of “only children”, who are quite pampered and spoiled by their parents. Leading a life full of success, love and sweetness, these children are quite ignorant of failure, hardship, and the taste of tears that abound in real life. Therefore, when they leave home, they might be overly sensitive to frustration and easily suffer depression that prevents them from a happy and promising future.

  This type of child is not what we hope for the future of our country. On the contrary, we need to nurture a generation that is fully prepared for independent life, so that it is ready to confront any challenge, adapt to changes of environment, and survive the heated competition in today’s world.

译文：

    正如该图的题目所显示的那样，“温室里的花朵经不起风雨”，这组图画清楚地告诉我们过度的保护只会导致负面的结果。当外面打雷下雨的时候，一朵花却能在温室中生机勃勃地开放。可是一旦离开了这个舒适的避难所来到外面的时候，这朵花立刻就凋谢了。

    在中国，孩子经常被比作“祖国的花朵”。但是，令人担忧的是很多孩子有可能经历图中花朵的不幸。部分原因可以归结为“独生子女”一代的出生，这些孩子都被他们的父母惯坏了。他们的生活中只充满了成功、爱和甜蜜，而他们都不懂什么是失败、艰难，也很少尝过眼泪的滋味，但是实际生活中却是充满了失败、艰难和眼泪的。因此，他们可能会对挫折过于敏感、也很容易及沉湎于忧郁，使他们在踏入社会以后没有一个幸福和充满前景的未来。

    这一类孩子决不是我们国家未来需要的人才。相反，我们需要培育一代能够独立生活的孩子，他们随时准备面对任何挑战、随时适应环境的变化、并能够在现代社会的激烈竞争中生存下来。

闪光词汇及词组：

excessive: adj. 过度的，过分的

blossom: v. 开花

external: adj. 外部的

wither: v. 枯萎

cozy: adj. 舒适的，安逸的

haven: n. 避难所

a large portion of: 很大一部分

misfortune: n. 不幸，灾祸

abound in: 富于

nurture: v. 教育，养育

万能句型：

The set of pictures apparently reminds us that…

This partly attributes to…

文化交流类背诵

（1）2002年真题。Directions:

  Study the following picture carefully and write an essay entitled “Cultures-National and International”.

  In the essay you should:

1)      describe the picture and interpret its meaning, and

2)      give your comment on the phenomenon.

You should write about 200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

真题分析：

    本题体现了考研短文出题的多样性，采用了一张照片而不是传统的图画。这张照片十分具有感染力，但其中的难点是考生如何分析出图画的主题。我们可以看到题目中提示我们照片是一个美国女孩，因此我们可以将她引申为西方文化和思想的代表。而她身穿的中式服装则是中国传统和文化的代表。这身中式服装显然很适合美国女孩，而且女孩脸上甜蜜的笑容也说明她非常喜欢自己的装束。因此，我们可以认为这种和谐的氛围代表了西方人对于中国文化的接受、欣赏和认同。这就是本题的大致分析思路。

    考生可以结合当今世界的全球化趋势来说明文化既是民族的，也是世界的。中国应当在国内外大力弘扬其优秀的传统文化，吸引全世界的眼球，并达到中国和世界各国文化的共同发展。

思路拓展：

    通过这道真题我们可以很容易联想到，在信息时代的今天，世界缩小成为了一个“地球村”，交流和联系变得十分方便。这使得全世界的人民抛弃了先前的民族、种族、国家等各种偏见，随着经济和贸易往来、政治交涉的日益频繁，各国人民的文化交流也更加密切，增进了彼此之间的欣赏和认同感。考生可以指出各国人民之间通过增进交流和理解，有助于保持和平、实现人类的共同发展、进步和繁荣。

范文：

  It is a very eye-catching photo in which an American girl is content in showing her traditional Chinese costume. She fits perfectly in the well-decorated hat, earrings, and splendid robe that apparently originate from a Southern Chinese ethnic group. What makes this picture extraordinary is the girl’s moving smile, which clearly indicates a westerner’s recognition and appreciation of Chinese culture.

  The sense of harmony that permeates this picture is representative of a new global tendency, that is, people of different nations begin to seek profound mutual understanding and friendly communication. As a result, cultures become international. China, in particular, unveils its previously mysterious image to the rest of the world by its open policy, and thus provides foreigners with the access of a rich and diversified gallery of traditional Chinese culture. The effect of such communication can be best exemplified by the recent years’ fashion to celebrate the traditional Chinese new year—the Spring Festival globally.

  While people belong to nations, cultures know no boundary. The contemporary globalization is not only featured by frequent international trades, economic and political exchanges, but more importantly, by global citizens’ awareness and comprehension of the cultures in the world. I firmly believe that the blend of cultures is contributing, and will contribute more, to world peace, development, and prosperity.

译文：

    这是一幅非常吸引人的照片，上面一位美国姑娘在非常满意地展示她的中式服装。这套服装包括了有着多彩装饰的帽子、耳环和漂亮的袍子，很显然是来自中国南方少数民族的传统服饰，女孩穿着非常合身。令这张照片显得非常特别的是这个美国女孩的动人笑容，体现出她对中国文化的认可和欣赏。

    弥漫在这幅照片中的那种和谐氛围是当今一个全球潮流的典型代表，即来自不同国家的人们开始寻找彼此间深入的理解和友好的交流，因此，文化变得更加国际化。特别是中国正在揭开其先前的神秘面纱，通过对外开放政策向世界展示自己，为外国人提供了解丰富和多样的中国传统文化的途径。这种交流的效果的最好例证就是在近年来，全球兴起了一个新的流行趋势，那就是庆祝中国的传统新年——春节。

    人们都属于不同的国家，但是文化是没有国界的。当代全球化的特点不仅仅只是更频繁的国际贸易、经济以及政治上的交流，而更重要的是全世界人民对于世界上各种文化的认识和理解。我坚信各种文化的融合正在给，也将会给世界的和平、发展和繁荣做出越来越多的贡献。

闪光词汇及词组：

splendid: adj. 极好的

originate from: 来源于

permeate: v. 弥漫，充满

mutual: adj. 相互的

unveil: v. 揭开

diversified: adj. 多样化的

gallery: n. 画廊，陈列室

feature: v. 以…为特点

comprehension: n. 理解

blend: n. 融合

万能句型：

It is a very eye-catching photo in which…

While people belong to nations, cultures know no boundary.

（1）2001年真题。Directions:

  Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is probably the noblest, but everyone has his/her own understanding of it.

  There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper. Write an essay to the newspaper to:

  1) show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below,

  2) give a specific example, and

  3) give your suggestion as to the best way to show love.

  You should write about 200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

真题分析：

    本题的出题者预设了一个情景，即最近报纸上正在进行关于“爱”的大讨论，要求考生根据给出的图为报社写一篇相关的文章。其实无论题目中是否给出了一个具体的情景，对于考生的写作基本上没有什么大的影响。考生可以简单考虑或者忽略给定情景，而专注于对图画的分析和解读。

    这幅图内容非常简单，一盏画着笑脸火焰的油灯，以及上面的一行字“爱心是一盏灯，在越黑暗的地方越明亮”，相当于中国古语中“雪中送炭”的效果。该图的寓意非常深刻，说明人们在困境中得到的帮助是非常珍贵的，从而鼓励人人在他人困难的时候献出爱心，互相帮助。

思路拓展：

    情感类的题目也可以联系到人际关系、社会道德和风气、情商教育等相关领域。这与中国现在正在建设的社会主义精神文明和社会主义和谐社会的努力是一致的，因此我们可以找到很多相关的素材，包括好人好事、典型事迹等，都可以为考生在作文中所用。

范文：

  The light of an oil lamp is approximately insignificant in the daytime; however, the darker the environment is, the more brilliant it seems, just as is depicted in the picture. The importance of love, to some extent, can be interpreted according to a similar logic—love is more precious when it is given to those who are in difficulties and adversities.

  To specify this statement, I would like to take Kong Fansen as an example. Kong, instead of settling for his comfortable official position in the rich and well-off Province of Shandong, volunteered to serve in a most backward area in Tibet where the weather is notoriously abominable. Kong was consistently dedicated to the fulfillment of the principle of “serving the people”, and he always appeared at the most critical moments of local residents’ hardship and impediment. Freezing as it was in Tibet, Kong’s love and care largely warmed people’s hearts.

  Kong’s story, suggest that the best practice to show love is to help those who are in need. We should always be ready to provide assistance to others, even if it is merely minor things like listening to others’ troubles. A little of our generosity might brighten the whole world of the unfortunate.

译文：

    一盏灯的灯光在白天的时候是无关紧要的；但是，当周围环境越黑的时候，灯光就显得越明亮，就像图中所示的那样。在某种程度上，爱的重要性可以用相同的逻辑来进行解释——当人们处于困难或者逆境中的时候，他们得到的爱就越珍贵。

    为了具体说明这个问题，我将以孔繁森作为一个例子。孔繁森没有在富裕和小康的山东省满足于其领导岗位，而是主动要求去西藏一个气候恶劣的落后地区服务。他坚持致力于实现“为人民服务”的原则，总是在当地群众遇到困难的关键时刻出现。虽然西藏严寒无比，但孔繁森的关爱却温暖了人们的心。

    孔繁森的故事告诉了我们，给予爱的最好方式就是帮助那些需要帮助的人。我们应该随时给予别人帮助，即使只是做一些小事情，诸如倾听别人述说烦恼。我们的一份慷慨也许会点亮不幸的人们那灰暗的世界。

闪光词汇及词组：

approximately: adv. 近似地，大约

to some extent: 在某种程度上

adversity: n. 不幸，逆境

settle for: 满足于

well-off: adj. 小康的

volunteer: v. 志愿做

notoriously: adv. 臭名昭著地

abominable: adj. 讨厌的，令人憎恶的

be dedicated to: 致力于

impediment: n. 妨碍，阻碍

万能句型：

…just as is depicted in the picture.

To specify this statement, I would like to take … as an example.

A little of our generosity might brighten the whole world of the unfortunate.

环境保护类背诵

2000年真题Directions:

  Study the following set of pictures carefully and write an essay in no less than 150 words.

  Your essay must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

  Your essay should cover all the information provided and meet the requirements below:

    1. Describe the pictures

    2. Deduce the purpose of the artist of the pictures.

    3. Suggest counter-measures.

真题分析：

    本题的题目是一组图，其中上下两幅图形成了鲜明的对比。考生需要抓住的细节包括年代的差别（分别是1900年和1995年，相隔约一个世纪）、渔船数量的差别、海洋中鱼的数量差别。这时只要简单地加以分析就可以发现，画图者的意图是警告人们，如果人类继续无节制地开发自然资源，那么总有一天自然资源将会彻底枯竭，最终威胁到人类自己的生存。考生需要分析画图者的本意，并提出相应的解决措施。

    这里需要再次提醒的一点是，在第一段描述图中内容时，要用过去时来说明两个不同年代的情况。

思路拓展：

    环境问题是一个涉及内容十分广泛的话题，包括环境污染、沙漠化、森林退化、资源枯竭、全球变暖、生态失衡，同时还与人口增长、经济发展、能源开发等一系列社会问题紧密相连。从根本上来说，这都是由于人类无休止地向地球索取、而没有采取合适的方法来回报地球，造成地球的产能已经无法承受如此巨大的负担。考生在文章中可以提出，要彻底解决环境问题，需要各国政府和全世界每一个人的通力合作，需要唤醒所有人的环境保护意识，用所有可能的措施，包括政治和经济上的合作、全社会的大力倡导、法律的介入等一系列措施来治理这一问题。

范文：

  The picture unveils a drastic change of ocean ecology during the past  century due to the expanding scale of world commercial fishing. There were few fishing ships on the sea in 1900 when an enormous number of fish swam freely; in contrast, in 1995 a large fleet of ships were endeavoring to search for the only fish in the sea.

  The tremendous contrast presented by the drawing alarmingly reminds us of the detrimental deterioration of oceanic ecosystem by the greediness of mankind. The industry of commercial fishing had undergone a booming expansion along with the growing public awareness of the merits of seafood, which made fishing unusually profitable. Lacking knowledge regarding the significance of ecological balance, businessmen sent out ships that insatiably chased fishes and thus posed a severe threat to all life in the sea. However, this trend may in turn endanger humankind.

  To prevent the exhaustion of ocean resources, governments should unite to work out effective measures against commercial fishing. For instance, there should be limitations on fishing time and location so as to reduce the exploitation of the sea. Moreover, people also call for laws and regulations that are responsible for punishing excessive fishing. Last but not the least, the public attachment to the importance of balance preservation would play a decisive role in saving ocean species from extinction.

译文：

    该图显示出20世纪以来由于全球商业捕鱼业的大规模扩张而导致海洋生态系统的巨大变化。1900年的时候海上只有一艘船，而海里有许许多多鱼儿在自由地遨游；相反，到了1995年，海上有许多渔船，它们都在努力寻找海里仅剩的一条鱼。

    该图所显示出来的巨大反差使我们警醒地意识到人们的贪婪给海洋生态系统造成了巨大的破坏。随着公众意识到了海鲜食品的价值，商业捕鱼也在不断扩张，而且有着十分高的利润率。由于商人们缺少对于生态平衡的认识，他们的渔船无休止地捕鱼，给海洋生物的生存造成了巨大的威胁。但是，这个趋势可能最终会反过来威胁到人类自己的生存。

    为了防止海洋资源的枯竭，各个政府必须联合起来，对商业捕鱼采取有效的措施。例如，为了防止过度捕捞，可以限制捕鱼的时间和地点。此外，人们还呼吁制定更多的法律法规来惩罚过度捕捞。最后，公众对于保持生态平衡重要性的认识对于拯救濒临灭绝的海洋生物起到了决定性的作用。

闪光词汇及词组：

expanding: adj. 扩张的

scale: n. 规模

enormous: adj. 巨大的，庞大的

search for: 寻找

detrimental: adj. 有害的

deterioration: n. 退化，变坏

along with: 与……一起

profitable: adj. 有利可图的

insatiably: adv. 不知足地

pose a threat to: 对……造成威胁

endanger: v. 危及

exploitation: n. 开发，开采

call for: 要求

excessive: adj. 过多的，过分的

万能句型：

The picture unveils a drastic change of…

The tremendous contrast presented by the drawing alarmingly reminds us…

Lacking knowledge regarding…

人口增长类

（1）1999年真题。Directions:

  Study the following set of pictures carefully and write an essay in no less than 150 words.

  Your essay must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

  Your essay should cover all the information provided and meet the requirements below:

    1. Effect of the country’s growing human population on its wildlife

    2. Possible reason for the effect.

    3. Your suggestion for wildlife protection.

真题分析：

    本题为多年来考研作文短文题目中仅有的一道纯图表题目。图中只给出了一大一小两幅简单的线形图，要求考生分析两幅图之间的关系，总结出题目的主题和内涵。

    针对本题，我们所要做的第一步是仔细阅读图中的文字说明和数据，特别注意数据的变化趋势。但是，在文章中切忌简单罗列所有数据，不仅会使文章无端地增加长度，还会使考官无法抓住文章主题。对于数据的处理一般都是进行概括分析，仅举几个典型的数据为例来说明问题。

    第一幅线形图中，美国人口在1800年至1980年至短短200年之间增长了近250倍，而从1700年至1900年200年间美国的生物灭绝速度却增加了70倍。人口增长的速度和物种灭绝的速度正好成正比。由此可以推断，题目要求考生认清这两者之间的关系，认识到人口的增长和扩展严重威胁到了物种的生存，从而要求考生在文章中分析问题产生的原因，提出解决方案。

思路拓展：

    人口的失控增长是近几十年来全球的热点话题之一。人口的扩张不是一个简单的问题，而是涉及空间、资源控制、生态平衡、环境污染、经济发展、社会保障和福利等等一系列、全方位涉及到人类在地球上生存和发展的问题。当今世界上的许多疾病、矛盾、甚至是战争，都是由于人口爆炸而引起的。此外，人口问题还涉及到人口质量、身体健康、性别比例、人口增长与财富分配、老龄化等常见话题。考生可以在平时的新闻报道中找到足够的信息，而可以多找一些报纸杂志上的评论文章上阅读，为自己积累论点和论据等。

范文：

  Currently, there is a widespread concern about the previously neglected connection between growing human population and decreasing wild species. As the two graphs obviously portrayed, American population in 1980 was 250 times than that in 1800, a trend accompanied by the extinction of nearly 70 kinds of wildlife in the past 300 years. A clear correlation is suggested that mankind has exerted a tremendously negative influence on natural species.

  There are many factors responsible for the aforementioned tendency. First and foremost, to satisfy the space demand for the booming population, the only available solution for Americans is to take occupation of forests and grassland. that used to be habitat of wild animals and plants. Furthermore, the process of industrialization and urbanization has generated severe pollution that essentially destroys environment and ecosystem.

  In my point of view, the dearth of wildlife today forecasts an unpromising future for humans tomorrow. In order to eliminate species extinction, relevant laws and regulations must be established and enforced to maintain a large portion of unspoiled areas. Effective measures should also be applied to ensure that the impact of pollution be removed.

译文：

    近来人们开始普遍关注以前被忽略的人口增长和自然物种减少之间的关系。正如两幅图表显示，1980年的美国人口是1900年的250倍，同时在过去的300年间大约有70种野生生物在美国灭绝。这清楚地表明人类给自然物种带来了巨大的负面影响。

    以上趋势是由诸多原因造成的。首先，为了满足迅速增长的人口对于空间的需求，对于美国人来说最有效的解决办法就是占据森林、草原等其他动植物的天堂。此外，工业化和城市化的进程造成了严重的污染，在根本上摧毁了环境和生态系统。

    我认为，今天野生生物生命权的被剥夺预示着将来人类并不明朗的前景。为了减少物种灭绝，应该制定相关的法律法规、强制保护更多的地区保持其原始状态。应该采取有效的措施来减少污染的影响。

闪光词汇及词组：

exert an influence: 对……造成影响

booming: adj. 急速发展的

take occupation of: 占据，占有

generate: v. 产生，发生

ecosystem: n. 生态系统

dearth: n. 缺乏

unpromising: adj. 没有前途的，没有希望的

eliminate: v. 排除，消除

unspoiled: adj. 未损坏的，为开发的

万能句型：

Currently, there is a widespread concern about the previously neglected connection between…

As the two graphs obviously portray…

… is a trend accompanied by…

A clear correlation is suggested that…

There are many factors responsible for the aforementioned tendency.

First and foremost … Furthermore…

Effective measures should also be applied to ensure that…

职业道德类

1998年真题。Directions:

  Study the following set of pictures carefully and write an essay in no less than 150 words.

  Your essay must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

  Your essay should cover all the information provided and meet the requirements below:

    1. Write out the message conveyed by the cartoon.

    2. Give your comments.

真题分析：

    本题是考研短文作文中采用漫画来作为试题的第一次尝试。图中一只母鸡在高唱产品承诺，但是我们看一看其承诺会不禁哑然失笑，因为所谓的“承诺”只不过的它的本分。漫画形象生动了反映了当今社会上一个普遍而又奇怪的现象，也就是商家故意混淆“吹嘘”和“分内事”之间的关系，从而误导消费者。

    本题的难点在于考生需要从大量的文字信息中找到中心思想。这里的一大忌讳就是盲目翻译打油诗和母鸡的承诺，因为这不仅会占用很多字数，而且不伦不类的翻译还会降低文章的质量。这就进一步说明了在写作图画作文的时候，抓住中心思想、提炼观点才是关键。

思路拓展：

    职业道德问题也是中国的经济和社会发展中一个值得人们长期关注的关键问题之一。在市场经济大潮中，许多人在利益的驱使下纷纷都失去了道德和理智，以假冒伪劣产品和劣质的服务来欺瞒消费者，损害消费者的利益。相关话题还包括近年来社会上大力抨击的商业欺诈问题，以及努力倡导“诚信”原则等。相关的领域几乎可以囊括各行各业，包括工业制造业、商业、教育、医药、娱乐界等等热门行业和产业。考生应该注意在平时搜集相关资料，做到举一反三。

范文：

  The cartoon presents a hen singing proudly about her promise of producing good-quality eggs. However, a quick glance at her words reveals ironically that the so-called “promise”—round eggs composed of the three necessary parts of shell, white and yolk—is, as a matter of fact, what a hen is supposed to produce.

  The hen mirrors a phenomenon that permeates our society, that is, businesses utilize the basic features of their products and services as the selling points for their advertisement campaigns. These “beautiful promises” tend to shape a false impression in the consumers’ mind that the products and services are of extraordinary characteristics. In this sense, the promise of one’s own responsibility is like a method of cheating, and is quite against professional morals, although there is no evidence of dishonesty if the words are examined literally.

  In my point of view, other than promising what one should do, the secret for business success is to have the consumers understand what extra advantages they would be provided with. Such an initiative can push businesses to conduct profound research, dedicate themselves to innovation, and concentrate on quality improvement and perfection, thus leading to healthy industry development and positive social effects. Consequently, businesses themselves are surely to benefit more from a wholesome market environment.

译文：

    这幅漫画显示了一只母鸡正在骄傲地高歌其生产的优质鸡蛋。可是瞥一眼她说的话，我们就能发现所谓的“承诺”—即下蛋不见棱角，保证蛋皮、蛋清和蛋黄—其实是任何母鸡应该做的事情。

    这只母鸡反映了现在社会上普遍存在的一个典型现象，即一些商家在广告中故意用产品和服务的基本特征来作为宣传的噱头。这些“美丽的承诺”给消费者们造成了虚假的印象，使他们认为面对着的产品和服务拥有一些非凡的特点。从这个意义上来说，对于自己本该履行的责任的承诺就好像商业欺骗，违反了职业道德，尽管从字面上来说没有欺诈的痕迹。

    我认为，商业成功的秘密不在于承诺做自己应该做的事情，而是应该让消费者得到额外的好处。这会促使企业加大和深入研究工作、致力于创新、关注产品质量的提高和完善，从而取得健康的产业发展和积极的社会效应。商家自身也会因此从一个更加健康的市场环境中得到更多的好处。

闪光词汇及词组：

so-called: 所谓的

as a matter of fact: 实际上

utilize: v. 利用

selling points: adj. 卖点

tend to: 易于，倾向于

in this sense: 在这个意义上，

万能句型：

The cartoon presents…

However, a quick glance at … reveals ironically that…

… mirrors a phenomenon that permeates our society, that is…

In my point of view…Consequently …

身体健康类

（1）1997年真题。Directions:

  Study the following set of pictures carefully and write an essay in no less than 120 words.

  Your essay must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

  Your essay should cover all the information provided and meet the requirements below:

    1. Interpret the following pictures.

    2. Predict the tendency of tobacco consumption and give your reasons.

真题分析：

    这是典型的图表+提纲式的命题，题目中提供的材料十分丰富，包括柱状图、饼状图以及其他相关数据。组图充分反映了当代烟草消费的规模、危害和趋势，是人们普遍关心的热点话题之一。通过对组图的分析，我们可以看出烟草在全世界有着十分庞大的消费群体规模，每年因为烟草消费消耗的资金数额大得惊人，同时也有数以百万计的人由于烟草消费而被夺去了生命。当然，我们从图中也可以发现一个令人欣喜的趋势，那就是烟草的总产量在近几年呈下降的态势，一定程度上说明了烟草消费引起的健康问题开始得到了人们的重视，并出现了相关的解决措施。

    本题的难点在于图表给的信息量太大，考生如何最恰当地在全文中使用数据将决定文章的质量。如果一味将所有数据都堆在第一段，会造成第一段过于冗长，全文头重脚轻。在下面的范文中，图表数字得到了灵活的运用，比较得体。比如文章在一开始先用烟民人数占全世界人数的比例来说明了烟草消费的巨大规模，然后又通过该行业消耗的人民财产和生命进一步说明产业之大、对人类危害之重。而至于第一幅图中关于烟草产量的数字则被用到了第二段中来说明未来的趋势，非常得体、恰当。

思路拓展：

    近年来国人越来越关注健康问题，随着2008年北京奥运会的即将到来，在中国更是掀起了全民健身的热潮。因此健康问题将是中国社会的一个长期热点问题，考生应该在这方面积累素材、有所准备。相关话题可以引申到知识分子的身体健康问题、全民健身热潮、健康意识、锻炼身体的习惯、健康与安全等等，这些都是平时经常可以遇到的一些话题。

范文：

Tobacco is one of the commodities that are consumed in an immense amount worldwide. From the pictures, we can learn that the global smoking population amounts to 1.1 billion, approximately 20% of all the worlds’ residents. 200 billion dollars are spent annually in order to purchase tobacco and relevant products, which further stimulate the business’ flourishing development. Meanwhile, the harm caused by tobacco consumption is experiencing a similar upward trend—statistics indicates that 3,000,000 people die of smoking and related diseases every year.

    Nevertheless, given the pessimistic statistics at the present, we can still predict optimistically that tobacco consumption will decline based on several new tendencies that are emerging. In the first place, there is an extensive public awareness of the negative impact of smoking, and as a result, more people resist the tempetation of cigarettes. In the second place, governments are setting more regulations to limit tobacco production. The effectiveness of such a policy was testified by the prompt drop of the tobacco production from 14.364 billion in 1994 pounds to 14.2 billion pounds in 1995 as seen in the picture.

  In short, I firmly believe that, with the efforts of the whole society, we can launch more movements to realize a cleaner world with less smoking.

译文：

    烟草是一种在全世界有着巨大消费量的商品。从图中我们可以看出，全世界的烟民已经到达了11亿，约占全世界总人口的20%。人们每年花在购买烟草以及相关产品的费用就达20亿美元，进一步促进了烟草业的繁荣。同时，烟草消费带来的危害也日益增长——统计数据显示每年有300万人死于由抽烟引起的相关疾病。

    尽管目前的数据非常悲观，但是从一些新的趋势中，我们可以乐观地预测烟草消费将会有所下降。首先，公众普遍意识到了抽烟的负面效应，因此，越来越多的人拒绝烟瘾。其次，各国政府正在制定各项措施限制烟草的生产。图中显示烟草生产从1994年的143.64亿磅下降到了1995年的14.2亿磅，这就证明了政府措施的有效性。

    总而言之，我坚信在全社会的努力下，我们可以发起更多的运动，来实现一个更干净的无烟世界。

闪光词汇及词组：

in an immense amount: 以极大的数量

amount to: 达到，总计

approximately: adv. 大约，近似

annually: adv. 年度地，每年一次

purchase: v./ n. 采购，购买

flourishing: adj. 繁荣的，欣欣向荣的

decline: 下降、衰落

emerge: v. 出现，浮出

temptation: n. 诱惑

testify: v. 测试

launch: v. 发行，发起，投入

万能句型：

From the pictures, we can learn that…

Nevertheless, given the pessimistic statistics at the present, we can still predict optimistically that

In the first place … In the second place …

In short, I firmly believe that

(2) Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should:

 1) describe the drawing briefly,

 2) explain its intended meaning, and then

 3) state your point of view.

You should write on ANSWER SHEET 2.

知识分子健康差寿命短

范文：

  The picture depicts a typical Chinese scholar who keeps working late at night, while the presence of his wife and child behind clearly indicates the man’s pressure of supporting a whole family. What is strikingly noticeable is the scholar’s exceptional skinniness, but it can be easily explained by the simple food, bottles of medicine, and poor working environment shown in the picture.

  The discernable unhealthiness of this hard-working scholar discloses a prevalent phenomenon that has long existed in China’s academia. Intellectuals are not highly respected and they enjoy unsatisfactory material benefits with particularly unattractive salaries due to low social position. In addition, family, social, and academic stresses are so immensely exerted on intellectuals that they are forced to work diligently and ceaselessly. As a result, the integration of poor living conditions and work pressure leads naturally to their poor health and short life-span, just as the picture shows us.

  The situation is rather depressing because intellectuals in fact contribute greatly to our country’s development, and it is largely owing to their painstaking efforts that pave the way for advancement and prosperity. To solve this problem, I think there should be a thriving social trend of showing respect to knowledge and intellects, and those who endeavor to explore new knowledge should be rewarded with good living and working conditions.

译文：

    这幅图刻画了一个典型的中国知识分子的形象，他一直工作到深夜，背后的妻子和孩子显示了他有着很大的养家的压力。值得我们注意的是这个学者格外削瘦，但这很容易通过图中简单的食物、药罐以及较差的工作环境得到解释。

    这个勤奋学者的不健康状况显示出中国学术界一个长期存在的现象。一方面，知识分子没有受到尊重，他们享受的物质条件也非常差，尤其是由于他们的社会地位很低，他们的工资也相应地非常少。另一方面，知识分子们承担着巨大的家庭、社会和学术压力，导致他们被迫非常勤奋地不停地工作。因此，恶劣的生活条件和巨大的工作压力自然导致他们较差的健康和较短的寿命，正如图中告诉我们的那样。

    这种情况非常令人失望，因为知识分子实际上对我们国家的发展做出了巨大的贡献，而且正是因为他们的不懈努力引向了我国的发达和繁荣。为了解决这个问题，我认为全社会要掀起尊重知识、尊重知识分子的高潮，而那些辛勤地探索新知识的人们应该得到较好的工作和生活环境等回报。

闪光词汇及词组：

exceptional: adj. 例外的，特别的

skinniness: n. 消瘦

discernable: adj. 可观察到的，可辨别的

disclose: v. 揭露，透露

prevalent: n. 普遍的，流行的

academia: n. 学术界

immensely: adv. 非常，广大的，巨大的

diligently: adv 勤勉地

life-span: n. 寿命

painstaking: adj. 努力的

pave the way to: 为……铺平道路，为……做好准备

endeavor: v. 努力，尽力

万能句型：

The picture depicts…

What is strikingly noticeable is…

The situation is rather depressing because…

To solve the problem, I think there should be…

… it is largely owing to…