英文论文的结论部分写作要点
结论、致谢、参考文献
8.1 如何写结论
学术文章的结论部分(Conclusion)是作者对有关研究课题进行的总体性讨论。结论必须具有严密的科学性和客观性,它反映本研究课题的价值,同时对以后的研究具有指导意义。如果文章中的Discussion一节已对研究结果进行了全面的分析、综合、归纳、推理和总结,那么Conclusion则可以比较简短。
从某种意义上说,Conclusion与Introduction遥相呼应,因为Introduction部分介绍了本课题的研究目的,那么Conclusion要告诉读者这些目的是否达到,在研究中做了哪些工作,取得了什么结果,这些结果说明了什么问题,有何
Model Test One
Part II Proofreading and Error Correction [15 min.]
The following passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line
contains a maximum of One error. In each case, only One word is
involved. You should proof-read the passage and correct it in the
following way:
For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct
one in the blank provided at the end of the line.
For a missing word, mark the position if the missing word with a ˆ
sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank
provided at the end of the line.
For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash /
and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line
Jimmy lee was executed in Parchment, Miss. He was a
murder. In Mississippi, killers are executed by strapping them
1_________
into a ch
北京第二外国语学院2006年硕士研究生入学考试试卷英语专业文学专业
综合考试1卷 满分:150
考试说明:请将答案写在试卷上
Instructions: You are required to answer all the following
questions in English.
I. Explain the following (15)
1. the Glorious Revolution
2. the Ku Klux Klan
3. Progressive Movement
II. Choose the correct answer from teach of the following
(15)
1. Which of the following is the most famous of all British
newspapers?
A. The Times. B. The Guardian. C. Daily Telegraph D. Daily
Mirror
2. Which of the following is a tabloid?
A. New Statesman. B. The Sun. C. Sunday Times. D. Morning
Star
3. How many terms was Franklin Roosevelt elected for?
A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.
4. The nuclear family consists of the following except .
A. grandmother. B.
第十章 语言获得
1、Language acquisition is concerned with language development in
humans. In general, language acquisition refers to children’s
development of their first language, that is, the native language
of the community in which a child has been brought up.
(FLA):The development of a first or native language (L1) is called
first language acquisition, and then second language acquisition
(SLA). L1 and L2 development do not seem to involve identical
processes.
2、研究语言获得的意义The study of language acquisition enables linguists,
psychologists and applied linguists to better understand the nature
of human language and developmental processes of language
acquisition.
3、First language acquisition第一语言获得
No one is more successful than others in acquiring a first
language. Children follow a similar acquisition schedule of
predictable stages along the route of language development across
cultures, though there is an idiosyntactic variation
Ⅴ. Answer the following questions as comprehensively as
possible. Give examples for illustration if
necessary:
57. Of the two media of language, why do you think speech is
more basic than writing?
58. What are the criteria that a linguist uses in classifying
vowels?
59. What are the majo
Ⅲ. There are four choices
following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete
the statement:
35 Of all the speech organs, the _______ is/are the most
flexible.
A. mouth
B. lips
C. tongue
D. vocal cords
36. The sounds produced without the vocal cords vibrating are ____
sounds.
A. voiceless
B. voiced
C. vowel
D. consonantal
37. __________ is a voiced alveolar stop.
A. /z/
B. /d/
C. /k/
D. /b/
38. The assimilation rule assimilates one sound to another by
'copying'a feature of a sequential phoneme, thus making the two
phones ____________.
A. identical
B. same
C. exactly alike
D. similar
39. Since /p/ and /b/ are phonetically similar, occur in the same
environments and they can distinguish meaning, they are said to be
___________.
A. in phone
Chapter 2 Phonology
Ⅰ. Decide whether each of the
following statements is True or False:
1. Voicing is a phonological feature that distinguishes meaning
in both Chinese and English.
5. 日语基本句型
5.1. …は…です
例: これはふく(服)です。
这是衣服。
(一般は前面用代词,例如:これ(这个)、それ(那个)
5.2. …は…ですか
例: それはふく(服)ですか。
那是衣服吗?
5.3. …はなんですか
例: これは何(なん)ですか
这是什么?
5.4. …は…にあります
例: 本(ほん)は机(つくえ)の上(うえ)にあります。
桌子上有本书。
5.5. …は…にいます
例: 部屋は人(ひと)にいます
屋子里有人。
(ある用于无生命的东西存在,あります是ある终结式,います是いる的终结式)
(いる用于有生命的存在)
5.6. …に…が(も)あります
例: 部屋に机や椅子(いす)などがあります。 /屋子里有桌子还有椅子等等。
部屋にラジオ(radio)もあります。 / 屋子里也有收音机。
5.7. …に…がいます
例: 椅子の上に猫(ねこ)がいます。
椅子上有只猫。
(某处有某个生命体存在)
5.8. …には…があります
例: そこ
8.1.2. A theory of the illocutionary act 行事行为理论
1.A speaker is in most cases performing 3 acts simultaneously while
making an utterance.
According to Austin, what are the three acts a person is possibly
performing while making an utterance.? Give an example.
locutionary act言内行为:------the act of uttering words, phrases,
clauses. It’s an act of conveying literal meaning by means of
syntax,lexicon,and phonology.Namely.,the act of saying something
:the utterance of a sentence with determinate sense and
reference.言内行为指的是用句子来叙述,报告,描写。言内行为指话语过程本身,诸如:句法,词汇与发言等。
illocutionary act言外行为:-----the act of expressing the speaker’s
intention; it is the act performed in saying something;its force is
identical with the speaker’s intention. The making of a statement,
offer promise, etc, in uttering a sentence, by virtue of the
conventional force associated with it. the act of using a sentence
to perform a function s
第八章
Teaching aims: enable the students to have a better understanding
of pragmatics and its two important theories.
Focal points: Speech act theory, the theory of conversational
implicature言语行为理论,会话含义理论
Teaching difficulties: Speech act theory, the cooperative principle
and its four maxims
Teaching procedure
An introduction to pragmatics
Today is Sunday.
It can be 1.an answer for “what day is it today?”
2. statement
3. complaint
4. reminder
5. criticism (reproach)
6.question “Today is Sunday?”
Sentence meaning vs. utterance meaning 句子意义vs 语句意义
Speaker’s meaning 说话者意义 contextual meaning语境意义
Pragmatics 语用学=meaning- senmantics
The study of language in use or the study of meaning of language in
context
Pragmatics is a comparatively new branch of study in the area of
linguistics. It developed in the 1960s and 1970s.
Mor