介词是用于名词性短语前表示词语间关系的词，介词经常和其它的词一起构成介词短语，在句中充当一个句子成分。常用的介词有简单介词（如：to,
by, at, in, on, over）、复合介词（如：onto, out of）和短语介词（如：because of, in
front of, instead of）。
一、介词短语的句法作用
（1）在句中作定语。
I like a table by the window.
（2）在句中作状语。
I used to study in this school.
（3）在句中作表语。
I think you are like your mother.
二、常用介词的基本用法
about
（1）有关，关于
This book is about his life.
在……周围，在身边
Have you got a pen about you?
（2）在……各处，去……各处
We took the foreign friends about our
school.
（3）大约
We arrived there at about twelve o’clock last
night.
above
（1）（表示位置、职位、数量、年龄等）在……上方；在……之上
I guess the meeting will last above three
hours.
（2）（表示品质、能力等）超出；超越
Sorry. This problem is too difficult. It is
above me.
across
（1）（表示动作的方向、位置）横过；穿过
They had to walk across the fields.
（2）（表示地点）在对面；在……的另一边
Our school is just across the street. Do you
see it?
after
（1）（表示位置或时间）在……之后
After school we first play football for about
half an hour, and then go home.
（2）（表示引申义）按照；追求
Afterthat the village was named after his
name.
against
（1）（表示位置）倚在，紧靠；撞击，碰着
He stood there leaning against the door,
speaking nothing.
（2）（表示引申义）反对；禁止
I am very happy that no one is against the
decision.
along
（表示动作方向）沿着，顺着
There is a shop along the street.
among
（表示位置）在……中间（指三者或者三者以上）
There is a small village among the hills.
around
（1）（表示位置）在……周围，在各处
I want to travel around the world in the
future.
（2）（表示时间）大约
She said that she would be back around ten
o’clock.
as
作为
I always look upon you as my best friend.
at
（1）（表示时间）在……时刻
I will meet you at the airport at eight
o’clock tomorrow morning.
（2）（表示位置）在……地方
Just wait for me at the railway
station.
（3）（表示速度、价格等）以……的速度，按……价钱
Our car ran at the speed of one hundred and
twenty kilometers an hour.
（4）（表示动作目标、方向）向，对
We were all surprised at what he had
done.
before
（1）（表示时间）在……以前
Where did you go the day before
yesterday?
（2）在……前面
Don’t do such things before my eyes in
future.
behind
（1）（表示地点）在……后面，在……背后
I am sure there is something behind it.
（2）（用于引申义）落后，不如
I am behind the other students in my class in
maths.
below
（表示数量、年龄、程度、温度等）在……以下，低于
Today’s temperature is five degrees below
zero.
beside
（表示地点）在……旁边
Who is the beautiful girl sitting beside the
teacher?
besides
除……以外（表示包括在内）
There are another ten boys in our class besides
you.
between
在……之间（两者）
Don’t tell any others about it. It is just
between ourselves.
beyond
（1）（表示位置）远于
My home is just beyond that hill.
（2）（表示能力等）超出
This question is too difficult. It is beyond
me.
but
除了（不包括在内）
Don’t worry. Nobody knows it but you and
me.
by
（1）（表示地点）在……旁边，在……身边
There are many trees by the river.
（2）（表示方式）靠，用，通过
Her mother earned her living by selling
matches.
（3）（表示时间）不迟于，到……为止
Don’t worry. I will be there by three
o’clock.
（4）被，由
He was beaten by a group of young men in the
street yesterday.
down
（表示动作方向）沿着……向下
Suddenly she fell down the stairs and broke her
leg.
during
（表示时间）在……期间
What happened to her during those years?
for
（1）（表示时间、距离、数量）达；计
I have been waiting here for two hours.
（2）（表示原因）因为，由于
He was sent to prison for theft five years
ago.
（3）（表示行为目的、对象）替；对于
What can I do for you?
（4）（表示目标、去向）向，往
They are setting out for Shanghai
tomorrow.
（5）赞成，支持
Those who are for it put up your hands.
（6）当作，作为
We always take him for a hard-working
student.
from
（1）（表示距离）离
Is your school far away from your home?
（2）（表示起点，来源）从， 从……来
How far is it from here to there?
（3）（表示原料）用……做成
Do you know what this wine is made
from?
（4）（表示原因，动机）因为，出于
She did so from a sense of curiosity.
in
（1）（表示地点，场合）在……里
How many countries are there in the
world?
（2）（表示时间）在……期间，在……以后，在……之内
She told me that she would be back in two
hours.
（3）（表示状态）处于……中
We can see that the house is still in good
condition.
（4）（表示服饰）穿，戴
Who is the girl in red over there?
（5）（表示范围）在……方面
She often says that she is weak in
English.
（6）（表示途径）用
Can you speak in Chinese?
inside
在……内部
What can you see inside the box?
into
（1）（表示动作方向）进入，到……里面
She went into the classroom and sat down in
her seat.
（2）（表示变化）成为，转入
Please change the following sentences into
English.
like
像，跟……一样
We all think that you look like your
father.
near
（表示时间，空间等）接近，近
The old man is near seventy, but he looks much
younger.
of
（1）（表示从属关系）属于……的
That man is a good friend of my
father’s.
（2）关于……的
Can you tell us of your hometown?
（3）表示数量，种类
Would you like a cup of coffee?
（4）表示同位关系
She has never been to the city of Beijing
before.
（5）表示性质，特征
It is of great importance.
off
（表示距离）从……离开，与……相距离
Tell the children to keep off the grass.
on
（1）（表示位置）在……上（接触）
There are some books on the desk.
（2）（表示时间）在（星期几，具体的某天的上午/下午/晚上，具体的某天）
I usually go home on Saturday morning every
week.
（3）关于
We attended a speech on international
situation this morning.
（4）从事，处于……情况中
Who is on duty today?
outside
在……外（面）
He walked outside the house in a hurry.
over
（1）（表示地点）在……上方（垂直上方，不接触）
There are five bridges over this river.
（2）（表示动作趋向）越过
We had to climb over the mountain the next
day.
（3）（表示数目，程度等）超过
I think he must be over fifty years
old.
（4）遍及，从头到尾
She wanted to travel over the world.
past
（1）（表示动作方向）从……旁边经过
He walked past me without saying
anything.
（2）（表示时间，年龄等）超过，越过
The young man is past twenty.
since
（表示时间）自从……（以来）
I have waited here since eight o’clock.
through
（1）（表示空间）穿过，通过
A river passed through our village fro west
to east.
（2）（表示时间）从头到尾，经过
In order to finish it, she worked through the
night.
（3）（表示方法，手段等）由，以
The old man usually learns news through
radio.
throughout
（1）（表示空间）遍及
The police searched throughout the
building.
（2）在整个时期
He has never done anything wrong throughout
his life.
till
（1）直到……为止
In those days, they had to work from morning
till evening.
（2）（用于否定句）直到……才
Don’t wake me up till ten o’clock.
to
（1）（表示动作方向）到，往，向
When you come to the crossroads, turn to the
right.
（2）（表示间接关系）给，予
Please give two more apples to me, Mom.
（3）（表示时间，程度）直到……为止，在……之前；到……程度
When he came back, he was wet to the
skin.
（4）对于，关于
Sorry. I don’t know the answer to the
question.
towards
（1）（表示动作方向）向，朝
They are walking towards the town.
（2）（表示时间）接近，将近
It was then towards evening.
under
（1）（表示位置）在……下面（垂直下面，不接触）
The dog is lying under the table.
（2）（表示级别/地位/程度/年龄价格等）低于，少于；未满，不足
He can run one hundred meters in under
thirteen seconds.
（3）（表示从属关系）在……之下，在……领导下
We are living a happy life under the
leadership of the Party.
（4）（表示过程）在……之中
My car is still under repair.
with
（1）（表示共同关系）和……在一起，跟……在一起
I want you to stay with us.
（2）（表示原因）由于，因为
On hearing the good news, we all jumped with
joy.
（3）（表示工具，手段）用
You must write with a pen.
（4）（表示同时，同一方向）随着
With these words she left angrily.
（5）（表示从属关系）具有，带有
Do you know that beautiful girl with
glasses?
（6）在身上，在身边
You’d better take an umbrella with you. It’s
going to rain.
（7）（跟复合宾语）说明附带情况
He likes to sleep with the window open.
within
（表示位置，地点，时间）在……内；在……范围内
She will be back within two hours.
without
无，没有
Don’t come to school without breakfast.
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