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The existence sentence generally begins with an unstressed there as formal shbject followed by a form of the verb be or other verb that is related to the notion of existence.Following the verb is a noun phrase,which is known as the 'notional' or 'real' subject as distinguished from the formal subject,and the notional subject is usually followed by a locative,or at times by a temporal adverbial.Thus,the generally pattern of an existential sentence is as follows:There+be+NP+locative/temporal adverbial.

课后练习

课后练习精选

Rephrase these sentences so as to begin each with existential there:

1.A car was ready for us.

=There was a car ready for us.

2.A man is sitting on that fence.

=There's a man sitting on that fence.

3.At least one book about the travels of Marco Polo is in our library.

=There's at least one book about the travels of Marco Polo in our l

One-word and compound adj.

one-word adj such as:big,small,bad,good,hot,cold...unkind,impossible,lovely,voiceless,monolingual,unthinkable.etc.

compound adjs are  formed in different ways.they may be 'adj+adj'such as bitter-sweet,deaf-mute,or 'adj/adv+-ing participle',such as good-looking,hard-working,or 'adj/adv+ -ed participle',such as new-fangled,well-meant,or'noun+adj',such as grass-green,duty-free,or 'noun+-ing participle',such as ocean-going,law-abiding,or'noun+-ed participle',such as hand-made,sun-tanned,or'adj+noun+-ed',such as kind-hearted,absent-minded.etc.

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-ed participle derived from transitive verbs usually denote a passive meaning or a sense of completion,and intransitive verbs usually express an active meaning or a sense of incompletion.-ed participle derived from intransitive verbs have the sense of completion but imply no passive meaning.-ed participle as complement:these can be used as complement mostly come from transitive verbs.Adjectival -ed participles can generally function either as complements or as premodifiers,except for relics of Old English.

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1.Mrs Allison will charm everyone at the party.She is a charming (charm)woman.

2.Has something troubled you?Did you receive some troubling (trouble)news?

3.Will your increased (increase)salary enable you to buy a new car?

4.The committee didn't approve the suggested(suggest) changes.

5.Did you try to encourage your son ?Did you give him any encouraging(encourage)advice?

6.Do you wish your breakfast brought (br

-ing分词

In this lesson ,we know that this section with two collocations:verb+-ing form and verb+object+preposition+-ing form.

课后练习

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct forms, choosing between the –ing participle and the infinitive:

1. Bob contemplated going (go) to Africa after graduation.

2. Leave off biting (bite) your snails.

3. My mother detested going (go) to classical concerts.

4. Do you recollect telling(tell) John about the new house?

5. They undertook to build(build) a new school in this area.

6. Mr Simpson grudged paying(pay) so much for such bad food.

7.The peasant boy swore to take revenge on his father’s murderer.

8.I didn’t mean to eat(eat) anything but the cakes looked so good that I couldn’t resist trying(try) one.

Fill in the blanks with “prep. + -ing parti

不定式二

Here ‘adjective+infinitive'refers to the combination that acts as comlement in SVC patterns.These combinations are superficially similar but semantically different constructions,varying in meaning that is,in ‘deep structure’with the different categories of adjectives.Semantically,these combinations fall into three types,each of which contains several sub-types.

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1 It happened that John was the only witness.( Rephrase the sentence , using proper semi-auxiliaries)

=John happened to be the only witness.

2 We're not allowed to play football on Sun

不定式一

English verbs have three non-finite forms:infintive,-ing participle and -ed  participle.There are two types of infintive :to-infintive and bare infintive.The bare infintive is just the infintive without to,which is identical in form with base of the verb.

课后练习

二、每周课后练习精选

Add to where necessary:

1、Don Jose had grown morose (郁闷) and rarely left the house except _ /  attend Mass.

2、I don’t want there   to   be any misunderstanding between us.

3、That man has never been known   to  tell a lie.

4、Daniel held out his arm to her. She had no choice but   to  obey.

5、What could I do then except   /  watch them   /  carry

助动词

Last week，we learned the auxiliaries.Seimi-auxiliaries constitute a category of verbs between auxiliaries proper and main verbs.And seimi-auxiliaries fall into 3 types:one type is initiated with the verb be ;a second type is initiated with the verb have;the third type is initiated with the verb seem.

课后练习

Rewrite the following, using be-subjunctive

1.Let it be understood that both side are willing to reach an agreement.

  = Be it understood that both side are willing to reach an agreement.

2.The ambassador will stay there if necessary.

   A:The ambassador will stay there if need be.

3.Q:Put the verbs in brackets into the proper subjunctive form

    =He behaves as though he were (be) better than us.

4 .Q:Put the verbs in brackets into the proper subjunctive form

虚拟式and助动词

Last week，we learned the subjunctive mood and the auxiliaries.As the subjunctive mood,I learned that the past tense forms of verbs are usually used to express hypothesis in the contexts,such as:It is the time+...;I would rather you+...;If only+...;...as if/as though+...;I wish+...;As the auxiliaries,English has 13 modal auxiliaries,they are can,could,may,might,will,would,shall,should,must,ought to,dare,need,used to.there are many uses of them.We will learn it next class.

课后练习

Translation
1.如果有必要，我自然会带你去。

I would certainly take you there if need be.

2.要是我来做这事，我要采用不同的方法。

If I were to do this,I would adopt a different method.

3.总统命令所有武装部队立即动员起来。

The president ordered that all the armed forces be mobilized at once.

4.我非常不愿意眼看他犯错误。

Far be it from me to see him make a mistak

被动语态二and虚拟式

每周语法归纳：

The use of the passive is determined by many factors.First,when we are more interested in the event itself than in the agent.Second is,when the agent is known or when we wish to make a statement sound impersonal perhaps out of modesty or tactfulness.And so on.As subjunctive mood,there are two forms of the subjective:be-sujective and were-subjective.

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Translation
1.据说，她能说几种外国语。

It's said that she can speak several foreign languages.

2.不言而喻，这是最近的谈判的结果。

It's understood that this is the result of recent negotiations.

3.大家认为她已经康复。

She si thought to have recovered.

4.这项动议通过了吗？

Has this motion been adopted?

5.首先一定要保证质量。

Quality must be guaranteed.

Rewrite the following ,using be-subjective:

6.She insists on his taking his vacation now.

=She insists that he take

被动语态一

每周语法归纳：

A sentence or a clause whose predicator is active is called an 'active sentence',and a sentence or a clause whose predicator is passive is called a 'passive sentence'.Most of the SVO/SVoO/SVOC patterns can be made passive. Not all the sentence can be made passive .Some transitive or stative verbs do not occur in the passive.And,also,Transitive verbs with reflexive or reciprocal objects do not passivize.

课后练习
Turn into passive constructions,where possible.
1.No one has ever beaten him at tennis.
  =He has never been beaten at tennis.

2.He said they were starting a new system.
  =He said new system was being started.

3.She could see herself in the mirror.
  =/

4.You needn't type this letter.
  =This letter need not be typed.

5.The boy happened to meet her in the street.
  =She happened to be met in the street by the boy.