英语语言学与应用语言学

The Periodic Sentence

It is a good habit to write something in your leisure time. Every day lots of friends ask me how to write a composition. Today let me explain Periodic Sentence for you. You'd better hold your pen tightly . A Periodic sentence is one in which the main thought is not completed until the very end of the sentence. Often this type of sentence is more effective than one in which the main thought is given first,followed by one or more modifying clauses or phrases. This is so because withholding the key word or words of the sentence until the end creates a sense of anticipation in the reader. Therefore, a periodic sentence is likely to be more emphatic than a sentence with a loose construction.

Notice the difference between the loose and periodic constructions in the following example:

Loose construction

She was offered a professional contract after winning the Olympic gold medal for figure skating, according to newspaper reports.

Periodic Sentence

According to newspaper reports,after winning the Olympic gold medal for figure skating, she was offered a professional contract.

Loose Construction

There have been many great discoveries made by scientists in the twentieth century.

Periodic Sentence

Scientists in the twentieth century have made many great discoveries.

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Simile

Recently many people asked me something about Simile,today let me explain this for you in detail.A SIMILE is a way of comparing one thing with another,of explaining what one thing is like by showing how it is similar to another thing,and it explicitly signals itself in a text,with the words as or like.The phrase as cold as ice is a common simile;the concept of coldness is explained in terms of an actual concrete object.The word as signals that the trope is a simile.

最近有很多人问我什么是“明喻”，今天我就给你们解释一下，希望对大家有一定的帮助：明喻是把一种事物和另一种事物相比较，并通过展现一种事物如何与另一事物相似来解释这种事物像什么的方法。它用as或like（像，好像，好似，如）等词在在文章里明确得给出比喻的信息。短语as cold as ice（冷得像一块冰）就是一个普通的明喻。coldness（冷）这个概念在短语里被解释为一种实际的具体的事物。as（像）就给出一个信息：这就是一个明喻。

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Some works of Franz Schubert(1797-1828):

Songs（歌曲）:"Gretchen at the Spinning-wheel"《纺车旁的格雷琴》."The Erl-King"《魔王》"Ave Maria"《阿潍.玛利亚》"The Trout"《鳟鱼》"Death and the Maiden"《死神与少女》"Serenade"《小夜曲》"Hedge Rose"《野玫瑰》"Who is Sylvia?"《谁是塞尔维亚?》"Hark,Hark the Lark"《听，听，云雀》;Song Cycles:（套曲）"The Fair Maid of the Mill"《美丽的磨坊女》"Winter Journey"《冬之旅》;Symphonies:"Symphony No.8 in B minor(Unfinished)《B小调第八交响曲-未完成》"Symphony No.9 on C major(Great)《C大调第九交响曲-大型的》.

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Franz Schubert(1797-1828)舒伯特.

Schubert was an Austrian composer,the first great figure in the history of the German Lied(art song)(浪漫曲；叙事抒情曲），a combination of poetry and music.

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Something about David:David (1748-1825)was a French painter.David's major works are "The Oath of Horatti"《荷拉斯兄弟之誓》"Death of Marat"《马拉之死》"The Death of Socrates"《苏格拉底之死》"Napoleon Crossing the Saint Bernard Pass(1800)"《拿破仑跨越圣伯纳德关》"Coronation of Napoleon and Josephine(1805-1808)"《加冕》.

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About Daniel Defoe and his works.Daniel Defoe(1660-1731) is considered one of the greatest fiction writers of 18th-century England.Defoe's works are "Robinson Crusoe"(1719)《鲁宾逊漂流记》"The Fortunes and Misfortunes of the Famous Moll Flanders"（1722）《摩尔.弗兰德斯》"A Journal of the Plague Year"（1722）《大疫年日记》"Rosana,or The Fortune Mistress"（1724）《罗克桑娜》.The story of Robinson Crusoe tells of how an English mariner got shipwrecked on an island,how he managed to survive,how he rescrued a black man,whom he named Friday an how finally he got hold of a ship and sailed home.

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Delacroix(1798-1863)德拉克洛瓦

About Delacroix Delacroix was the foremost painter of the Romantist movement in France. Major works代表作品：Delacroix's major works are "The Massacre at Chios"《希阿岛的屠杀》"Greece Expiring on the Ruins of Missolonghi"《米索隆基废墟上的希腊》"Death of Sardanapalus"《沙尔丹纳帕勒之死》"Frederic Chopin"《肖邦》"Dante and Virgil"《但丁与维吉尔共渡冥河》"The Death of Ophelia"《奥菲利娅之死》"The Women of Algiers"《阿尔及尔妇女》.

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Hans Holbein(the Younger)(1497-1543)

Some works of him:He was the last great German master of the 16th century.His best known works are his portraits.

"Erasmus of Rottendam"《鹿特丹的伊拉斯谟》a memorable image of a Renaissance man.

"Portrait of Henry VIII"《亨利八世的肖像》,done in the international court portrait style.

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Erasmus(about 1466?-1536)

Something about Erasmus:Erasmus was a great Dutch scholar and humanist.He taught in Paris,Oxford,Cambridge,Bologna and Louvian,and was an intimate friend of English humanists.He had wide contacts with scholars in Europe,particularly in England.In 1516 he published the first Greek editon of the New Testament.His editions of classic works and his own writings had great influence in Europe.Erasmus combined his profund learningwith a fine style.

Among his works is "The Praise of Folly《愚人颂》in which he put a woman named Folly in front of the audience and in fact in the book he uses Folly as the mouthpiece to speak out his views of the extent and value of knowledge,his understanding of the value of life and his vision of ture human reality.

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"The Praise of Folly"愚人颂

荷兰哲学家伊拉斯谟的唯一的至今仍在广泛阅读的作品。伊拉斯谟争论说，争取幸福作为生活目标是愚蠢的。这是因为为了幸福，我们就要通过夸张欺骗，自恋奉承进行自欺欺人。