泥上指爪博客航海船舶英语

期数：1（总第47期）  

　　救生设备 　任何船舶都要按照国家船舶检验部门的规定，配置救生设备。国际航行船舶要按照国际海上人命安全公约的有关规定配备救生设备。主要的救生设备有以下几种。
　　救生艇 　为船舶救生而设计制造的舟具。应急时它能载乘人员并有一定航进能力。按建造材料，救生艇可分为木质的、钢质的、铝合金的和塑料的。目前广泛采用的是增强玻璃纤维塑料艇，因其强度、弹性、防水和阻燃性能良好，且耐腐蚀，已逐步取代其他材料制造的救生艇。按推进动力，可分为机动的和非机动的。按结构形式，可分为开敞式的、封闭式的和全封闭式的。封闭式艇装有顶篷，使乘员免受风吹、日晒和雨淋；全封闭式救生艇（图1）装有防水顶篷和空气再生、艇外洒水等系统，可通过海上火区，为油船所必备。各种救生艇上均应备有足够的属具，一定数量的食品和淡水，以及信号、通信设备，以便乘员能在海上作较长时间的停留，等待救援。此外，客船和货船上还应

 

i. The distance between two given meridians measured along a standard parallel and expressed in nautical miles. It is the east-west component of the rhumb-line distance between two points. The value of departure between two meridians decreases with increasing latitudes, and vice versa. Departure in nautical miles = change of longitude in minutes × cosine mean latitude.



ii. The distance traveled in an east to west direction between two points.
iii. Aircraft taking off from an airport under departure control.
iv. Aeroelastic instability that may exist in roll, pitch, or yaw. Aircraft may break up during an aereoelastic departure. It is a situation in which there is an uncommanded increase in the angle of attack (a) and consequent loss of con

7.4  热带风暴中的船艇操纵

热带风暴是发生在热带海洋上的暖性低压，是一种灾害性天气系统，对船艇航行安全构成严重威胁。其破坏力也是极强的,通过一些新闻报导我们经常可以了解到热带风暴的威力。

1956年第12号台风于8月2日在象山浦附近登陆,由于种种原因,特别是台风较大,防台措施不力,致使海军东海舰队上百艘舰艇搁浅、触礁、上山，其中包括8艘较大的舰艇、60艘登陆艇、42艘巡逻艇等，损失严重。此外，码头、营房、陆上设施也遭到很大的破坏。这是有历以来海军遭受台风袭击损失最大的一次。由此可见，台风对船艇的影响是十分巨大的。

一、有关热带风暴的知识

[本内容气象中已介绍过，可采用提问的方式进行]

1、什么是可航半圆、危险半圆、危险象限？

（1）在地球的北半球水域内，低气压气旋逆时针旋转与其本身的前进运动相叠加，造成台风圈的右半圆的风雨波浪比左半圆激烈。

（2）北半球的热带风暴转向时多向右转，这就增加了在右半圆航行的船艇被卷入热带风暴中心的可能性。

因此在北半球，通常将左半圆称为可航半圆，将右半圆称为危险半圆。右半圆的前半部和后半部相比，对船

The RST Reporting System

While roaming around the upper part of the 40 meter Ham Band in the LSB MODE, I recently overheard a conversation between a roundtable group. I listened for a few moments and then heard one of the Hams who was most likely new to Ham Radio, ask one of the others in the group to give him a signal report.

The report he got back from the other station was, 'You're 59'.  Silence was heard for a few moments and then the 'new' ham said, 'I did not want you to guess my age....how do you hear me?
The reply was again, 'You're 59'.  'What do you mean?' The new Ham said.
Then another station in the roundtable began a very lengthy dissertation to try to explain the RST reporting method to him that no one could have understood

 199.180   Training and drills.

(a) Training materials. Training material must be on board each vessel and must consist of a manual of one or more volumes written in easily understood terms and illustrated wherever possible, or of audiovisual training aids, or of both as follows:

(1) If a training manual is used, a copy must be in each crew messroom and recreation room or in each crew cabin. If audiovisual training aids are used, they must be incorporated into the onboard training sessions described in paragraph (g) of this section.

(2) The training material must explain in detail—

(i) The procedure for donning lifejackets, immersion suits, and anti-exposure suits carried on board;

(ii) The procedure for mustering at the assigned stations;

(iii) The procedure for boarding, launching, and clearing the survival craft and rescue boats;

(iv) The method of launching from within the survival craft;

(v) The proced

 Emergency lighting and power systemsT/ALL.

  (a) Where fitted, it shall be the duty of the master to see that the emergency lighting and power systems are tested and inspected at least once in each week that the vessel is navigated to be assured that the system is in proper operating condition.

  (b) Internal combustion engine driven emergency generators shall be tested under load for at least 2 hours, at least once in each month that the vessel is navigated.

  (c) Storage batteries for emergency lighting and power systems shall be tested at least once in each 6-month period that the vessel is navigated to demonstrate the ability of the storage battery to supply the emergency loads for the period of time specified in Table 112.055(a) of this chapter.

  (d) The date of the tests required by this section and the condition and performance of the apparatus shall be noted in the vessel's Offici