p2 a happy event that you remember in your children life什么什么的
p3 什么可以回想起childhood memory
photos对儿时回忆的作用
whats important影响儿童成长
P1和P3没练过也随便说,估计太短鬼子老问why
希望鬼子打分别和他人长的一样虎
第一次考希望也是最后一次考![2012.5.19 <wbr>雅思口语真题回忆 [衰]](http://simg.sinajs.cn/blog7style/images/common/sg_trans.gif)
悲剧阿
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雅思机经2012年5月19日教育 |
分类: 雅思学习-听说 |
P1和P3没练过也随便说,估计太短鬼子老问why
希望鬼子打分别和他人长的一样虎
第一次考希望也是最后一次考![2012.5.19 <wbr>雅思口语真题回忆 [衰]](http://simg.sinajs.cn/blog7style/images/common/sg_trans.gif)
悲剧阿
标签:
杂谈 |
【名师讲解】
食物和烹饪一直是雅思口语中较多见的话题之一。雅思考试对于生活的贴近可见一斑。但是学生在这个话题上的发挥却常常不尽如人意。可能是我们的传统教材中很少有涉及到这个话题的,因而学生对相关的词汇较为缺乏.我们在描述的时候也应尽量选取较为简单的菜肴去描述,而且最好是西式菜肴。中式菜肴通常以种类繁多,烹饪复杂而著名。有时要把这样的菜介绍清楚已属不易。
这一类考题有以某一道菜为主要考点的:
◆ How do you cook this dish?
◆ Why is it your favorite dish?
也有以一顿丰盛的菜肴为主要考点的:
◆ What did the meal consist of?
◆ Was it made for a special occasion?
◆ Why was the meal so special?
还有一些考题问的是一些相关的信息,比如烹饪者、烹饪地点、共同进餐的人和喜欢烹饪或这道菜的理由。
◆ Who cooks your meal?
◆ Who do you often eat meals with?
◆ Where did you cook it or eat it?
◆ Why did you enjoy it?
|
Describe A Dish Describe one of your favorite dishes. You should say: From whom you learnt to cook it. How this dish is cooked. Who you usually cook for.
And explain why you enjoy it. |
{真题回放}
{原创范例} I am not much of a cook, but I do cook one dish well—steamed fish. It is my mom’s specialty. When I moved out of my parents’ house, I missed it so much that I asked Mom to teach me how to cook it. And now I can make restaurant quality steamed fish.
在这段话的开头用了让步的手法,先表明我不太会做菜,以突出我做清蒸鱼非常拿手。这个话题中会涉及到一些烹饪菜肴一类的较为专业的词汇,大家可能比较陌生。这段中specialty表示“拿手菜”。
{原创范例}Cooking steamed fish is super easy. But to get the most out of this recipe, make sure the fish you use is live, at least fresh. You also need ginger, spring onions, mushrooms and chili. First, clean the fish, cut the stalks of spring onions to almost 2 inch lengths, slice ginger and cut up mushrooms and chilies.
在这里recipe指“食谱”,而其中用到的一些动词cut…to almost 2 inch lengths, slice, cut up都是菜肴制作中较为常用的,大家需要特别注意。描述一个制作过程的时候通常少不了一些表示步骤先后的连接词,如这里的first和后文的next, after that和finally都是需要学习的。
{原创范例} Next, place the fish on a shallow dish and drizzle a little soy sauce and water over the fish. After that, scatter the rest of the ingredients evenly over the fish. Finally, place the dish on a rack in a wok with some water and steam it on high heat for 10-15 minutes. Serve hot and it is perfect in every way.
在这段中,大家需要注意的还是一些动词。drizzle指“洒(少许液体)”,scatter指“散开、撒开”,通常指固体的东西。steam … on high heat指“以高火蒸”。
季节和天气一直是雅思口语的传统话题。在第一部分几乎是每次必考,虽然这类卡片在第二部分的出现率不是非常高,但也会不时突袭。从另一个角度来说,季节和天气的谈论可以贯穿到很多考题之中去论述。比如应对关于体育运动的卡片时,我们也可以略带描述一下做该运动的适宜天气。
在谈论自己所受到的帮助时,也可以说自己在下着倾盆大雨的半晚,有个朋友借出了自己的伞。其实很多话题之间都可以相互套用,以移花接木的方法来帮助自己事半功倍。
在季节类的考题中,经常会涉及到的问题有:
◆ What is your favorite season?
◆ What is special about this season?
◆ What do people usually do in this season?
◆ Why do you like this season?
而有些考题是以某种天气为考点的,其中比较多见的就是要求描述一种险恶天气:
◆ What is the worst weather you have experienced?
◆ When did you experience it?
◆ What did you see?
◆ How did you feel under the worst condition?
一般来说,谈论季节和天气可以从气候特征、植物动物、人们所从事的活动和我的心理状态等多方面着手。下面,我们就跟着沙莎老师的思路,一起先来看一张关于季节的卡片:
|
Describe a Season Describe your favorite season. You should say: What your favorite season is. What is special about it. What people usually do in this season.
And explain why you like this season. |
{真题回放}
{原创范例} My favorite season is summer. I can’t wait till it starts. Yes, it sometimes gets very hot and sultry. But I don’t care. At least I don’t have to fight with bulky overcoats or down coats.
这篇的开头以非常简洁的方式引出主题,是较为传统的方式。在论述的过程中用了欲扬先抑的手法,先提了一下夏天令人不快的地方,但是注意只能一两句带过,千万不能论述太多而导致偏题。其次,也用了对比反衬的策略,提到冬天的不便之处。以论述对冬天的厌恶来反衬对夏天的热爱。其实也就是将夏天和冬天做了一个对比。
{原创范例} Summer means life, blue skies, gentle breeze, white beaches, and green trees. I love the warmth, the plenty of sunshine it brings and the way people look in tan. In summer, girls wear cute skirts and lovely sunbonnets. All the beautiful colors go around in this season. And you can feel the longing to go outdoors and experience an adventure.
这段也是以非常通俗的语言以细化的方式描述了夏天的气候特征、景物、人们的穿着打扮等,在考场里一定要拓宽自己的思路,千万不能一说到季节就局限于气候特征上,要学会从多方面着手,这就要求大家在入考场前做好思路的整理。
{原创范例} It is the ice cream season and it is the season of a variety of fruit, such as peaches, strawberries and watermelons. I love those after going swimming or hiking.
这段讨论的是比较传统的相关季节卡片的内容。描述了水果和冰激凌。当说到这个季节盛产的东西的时候我们也可以学习上段所用到的词组the season of来引出。
{原创范例} plus, it is also a time of great relaxation. You’ll always marvel at how much fun and entertainment can be squeezed into summer. There are summer vacations, swimming, surfing, picnics, fishing and boating. There is always something going on and there are always people enjoying nature. I love summertime because it is linked to most of my best memories and it never fails to trigger my passion in life.
最后这一段描述了人们的夏季活动,最后一句总结了喜爱这个季节的原因。其中,squeeze这个词用的非常生动,原意为“压入、塞入”,在这里非常形象的说明夏日给我们带来了无尽的快乐。trigger表示“触发、扣动扳机”,在这里表示“触发热情”。
关于网络的考题在第二部分通常会考到网站,与此相关的考题还有关于如何得知该网络的:
◆ How can you find the website?
◆ How did you manage to find this website?
也有关于网站内容和网站的影响的:
◆ What is the website about?
◆ Why do you like it?
◆ What’s the effect of the website on you?
◆ How do you benefit from it?
还有一些考题针对的是家用电器,其中有提问电脑的,有提问电视的,还有以其它电器做考点的。这些考题大多大同小异。通常会提问这些电器的使用频率、用途:
◆ How often do you use your computer?
◆ Why do you use it?
此外还会涉及到它们的缺点和将来的发展方向:
◆ How will computers develop in the future?
◆ What are the advantages and disadvantages of the Internet?
◆ How helpful are the home appliances?
我们先来看一张关于网站的卡片:
|
Describe A Website Describe your favorite website. You should say: How you found this website. What this website is about. Why you like it.
And explain the effect the website has on you. |
{真题回放}
{原创范例} Do you have piles of books and don’t know how to take them for recycling? Have you ever searched almost all of the local bookstores but still cannot find your most coveted book? I have!
在上一讲中我们提到可以在结尾的时候用反问句。其实在开头处,设问句也是一个很好的选择,就是所谓的自问自答。也是一种高分的策略。在这里我选择了问别人是否和我有一样的经历或体验。这样做很能引起别人的共鸣。当然,这种问题必须是和考题结合的非常紧密的。
{原创范例} When the first book out of seven in the Harry Potter series, the Sorcerer’s Stone was published in the United States, I searched almost every bookstore in Shanghai in vain. And just when I was downhearted, one of my friends recommended Amazon and I got this book sent to me.
在这里,用了in vain这个词组,表示“徒劳无功”。而downhearted这个形容词的意思是“心灰意冷”,有一些夸张的用法。
{原创范例} After that, it became my favorite website. The website is a great marketplace to find anything, from books to clothes to movies and to furniture. It stocks millions of products for the home, garden and office. And there is the amazing ‘sell your stuff’ link. In the marketplace section, you can sell your unwanted things, such as books, computer games and DVDs and make a little of money back.
文体爱好这个话题由于和考生的生活比较贴近,所以一般都会被认为比较简单。在第二部分的卡片中,有泛泛要求描述hobby或favorite activities的,也有直接要求描述physical activity, collection或photographing的。有些考题没有规定讨论的方向,只问业余爱好:
◆ What your hobby is?
◆ Why you have this hobby?
◆ Why you like it?
◆ How long you have been doing this?
◆ Why you like it?
面对这些考题,无论你事先准备好是体育运动还是收藏都可以很顺利的用上。但是现在的很多考题都把范围缩小,给考生的准备造成一定的困难。比如下面这些考题针对的都是体育运动:
◆ When you started the activity?
◆ When you work out?
◆ How you benefit from the activity?
◆ What sport you like to play?
体育运动是一个比较重要的考点。我们来看下面这张卡片:
|
Describe A Physical Activity Describe your favorite physical activity. You should say: What activity you like to do? How you do it. How you benefit from it.
And explain why you like it. |
{真题回放}
{原创范例} If you gave me a choice of staying at a five star hotel and enjoying the inviting gourmet food or sleeping in my tent and having trail lunches, my tent and camp meals would win hands down. Because I am crazy about hiking. Actually I am a hiking freak.
在这段话的开头,把五星级酒店,美酒佳肴和帐篷,粗茶淡饭做了对立,以此突出徒步旅行对我的吸引力之大。这是一种很有新意的开头,和上一讲中的较为traditional的topic sentence开头法有很大不同。
运用这种创意型开头是为了在考场中博取高分的,值得想要高分的同学学习。但是切忌死记硬背,我们要学的是方法。此外,这里有个非常地道的表达方式win hands down,表示“轻易获得成功”。还有freak这个词,表示“怪人”,由指“对某事相当痴迷的,有点偏执的人”。
{原创范例} The first time I heard about hiking is when I visited my uncle five years ago. He lives in Maine, America, near the National Park. He talked me into it. And every time I go to visit him, I get to go hiking.
这一段介绍了我是如何接触到hiking的。看上去和卡片上的三个问题都没有联系,但是却和整体内容配合紧密。这种回顾历史的方法是防止我们没话讲的一种很好的策略。
{原创范例} Before every exciting journey, we pack basic outdoor clothing, enough water, sun blockers and of course digital cameras into our hiking backpacks. And we will never forget to familiarize ourselves with the local trails. After all these preparations, we go hit a trail.
这段讲的是出行前的准备工作。其实讲到体育运动的时候,不需要讲一些技术性很强的运动,即使你选择的是足球、篮球一类的运动也应该尽量避免描述运动过程,避免使用一些专业性强的词汇。在这里可能大家对sun blocker不太熟悉,其实就是相当于sunscreen之类的防晒产品。hit a trail变体于hit the trail,表示“出发”。
标签:
杂谈 |
分类: 独家资料-电影学口语 |
人物这个考点在雅思口语中的出现率还是非常高的。除了描述一些我们身边的普通人之外还会被要求描述那些名人伟人等。比如最近在08年的考题中就经常出现描述someone you admire, a successful person, someone you are willing to know in the future。
传统的考题中要求描述a famous singer, a movie star, a sports star或a famous person。其实大家马上就能看出新考题虽然在措词上有所改变,但是描述的实质内容却是可以相互套用的,我们可以借用体育明星或歌手来套这些话题。
对于这一类考题当然上一讲中的人物外貌、性格等的描述都还是能用上的。但是它的特色是会涉及到其它类别的考题。比如:
◆ What did he/she do?
◆ What role did he/she play in the film?
◆ What is the film about?
◆ What kind of music does he/she play?
◆ Which films did he/she act in?
这些问题的回答都需要涉及体育、电影、音乐等一类话题中的内容。这些话题我们在后面几讲中都会有详细的论述。所以我们在准备的时候一定切忌太小范围的押题,而是要对常考的话题有一个系统的学习,这样才能在考试中应对自如,取得满意的成绩。
此外,还有些问题和这些名人的独特之处有关,比如:
◆ How has he/she influenced you?
◆ What is special about him/her?
◆ Why would you like to meet him/her?
对于这类话题的解答可以从这些名人所取得的成就,独特的性格等方面进行论述。下面我们就来看一张关于体育明星的话题卡:
|
Describe a Sports Star Describe a sports star you admire. You should say: Who the person is. What he/she did. What is special about him/her.
And Explain why you would like to meet him/her. |
{真题回放}
{原创范例} He is the icon of Chinese sport and the most popular Olympic athlete. He is as famous as Houston Rockets center Yao Ming in China. You may have figured out who I am going to describe today. Yes, it’s Liu Xiang, the Flying Man, whose image is slapped everywhere, no matter on buses, billboards or television advertisements. His importance to China can never be overestimated.
对于一个知名度非常高的人,我们完全不需要在开头直接报出其名字。可以先设置一下悬疑,列举一下这个人的独特个性、头衔、作品等极具代表性的东西,这样可以引起听者的兴趣。同时,在这里也用了类比的方法,同时提到了刘翔和姚明,让听者对所要描述的人有个更好的认识。
中国学生最大的一个问题通常是说话过于笼统,喜欢泛泛而谈。其实这样不仅增加了自己用词上的难度(要知道其实抽象概念通常是最难描述的),也使讲话的内容非常空洞无聊。其实我们该从小处着手。比如当我们要说某个人非常有名的时候,单单一个famous说明不了什么问题,我们可以说此人的形象随处可见,再把“随处”这个概念细化成buses, billboards, television advertisements,就能起到很好的效果。那么在这里,像这样的细化句型no matter…or…也是相当值得我们学习的。
Topic card在口语考试的第二部分出现,一直都是非攻克下来不可的stronghold,否则就很难在考试中杀出重围。所以在复习时首先要对常考的卡片和卡片中的题目做到心中有数。知己知彼才能百战不殆。
考题中首先会对于描述主角lead in。介绍一下主角和自己的关系。
◆ Who is the person?
◆ What is the relationship between you and this person?
描述主角的基本信息在考试中也会有所反映。比如主角的为人、个性、喜好等。
◆ What is the person like?
◆ What is the person’s personality?
◆ What does the person like or dislike?
还有这个人的一些身份信息也是考点之一。涉及的面有居住地、年龄和职业。
◆ Where does the person live?
◆ How old is the person?
◆ What does the person do?
此外,小黑老师还提醒大家:这个主题下的题目很多都会对这个主角和考生自己的关系做进一步探讨。比如会问你们之间的相似度,你们共同在一起的时候会做什么事。
◆ How you are different from this person?
◆ What does the person usually do?
大家注意最后一个题目可以从三个角度去考虑:在工作中,在生活中以及你们在一起时经常会做什么。
|
Describe a Family Member Describe a family member who has influenced you greatly. You should say: Who this person is. What this person is like. How you are like and unlike this person.
And Explain why he/she has influenced you greatly. |
{真题回放}
{原创范例} The person I am going to describe is my mother, who is not my whole life, but a really big part of it and she is the most influential person who inspires me.
{原创范例} My mother is always beautiful to me although she is in her late forties. She has smooth shoulder-length hair and bright smiling eyes in which you can always see love and passion. Despite the fact that she is fairly short, she is strong, both physically and mentally, powerful and caring. She, with all her traditional value, would do anything and sacrifice anything for the family.
大家特别注意在回答时也要遵循一定的结构,比如这里的开头句:The person I am going to describe is…,在描述第二个问题时会说:My mother is always beautiful to me…,然后再去论述母亲的具体长相,大家要在考场里留给考官一个思路清晰的好印象。
标签:
杂谈 |
很多同学一度误以为作文字数不够是不会扣分的,但事实上是会扣分的,而且许多同学经常会觉得作文字数凑不满,那么怎么来解决这个问题呢?如果我们阅读一篇学术文章,不难发现其实里面会有很多的无意义词,什么是无意义词呢?其实就是那些连接词和议论文经常套用的小短语,它们不会影响整篇文章的总体意思,却可以提高文章的连贯性,而通过这个方法,字数不够的问题也迎刃而解了。
以下是雅思写作必备的连词汇总。用下划线highlight的词是适合那些总感觉雅思作文写不长、写不满250字、需要灌水的同学。
· To signal sequence or addition
Accordingly, actually, additionally, afterwards, again, also, and, another, as was previously stated, as well as, at the same time, besides this, consistent with this, correspondingly, equally important, finally, further, furthermore, in addition, in a like manner, in the first place, in the same way, including, initially, last, likewise, more importantly, moreover, next, originally, overall, primarily, similarly, to begin with, too, what is more.
· To signal time
After, afterward, as long as, at first, at last, at length, at the same time, before, concurrently, currently, during, finally, following, immediately, in the future, in the meantime, last but not least, later, meanwhile, next, once, presently, rarely, simultaneously, sometimes, subsequently, then, this time, until, until then, whenever, while.
· To show results
Accordingly, as a result, consequently, for this reason, hence, in other words, in that case, it follows that, it is evident that, otherwise, owing to, resulting from this, so it can be seen that, that being the case, therefore this implies, this suggests that, thus, under these circumstances.
· To introduce evidence/support/reasons
Contradictory to this, contrarily, in support of this, it follows, this is clear because, the evidence for···is, the reasons for···are, this is supported by, to affirm this, to attest to this, to corroborate, to explain, to further confirm, to further verify, to list, to substantiate this, in substantiation.
· To signal repetition, summary, or conclusion
Accordingly, all in all, all together, as a final point, as a result, as I have noted, as indicated earlier, as mentioned, as previously stated, as we have seen, briefly, by and large, consequently, finally, given these facts, hence, in brief, in conclusion, in other words, in short, in summary, to sum up, in summation, on the whole, overall, since, so, summing up, then, therefore, thus, thus we can see that, to conclude, to recapitulate, to repeat, to review.
· To introduce causes or effects
Accordingly, as a result, because, consequently, due to, for as much as, for that reason, hence, in as much as, in that, in view of, on account of, owing, since, then, therefore, thus, to narrow the focus, after all, from this perspective, from this point of view, given this context, in fact, in order to, in other words, in particular, in this case, in this context, indeed, particularly, put another way, specifically, that is, this is particularly true when, under certain, circumstances, up to a point, with this in mind.
· To contrast
After all, although, alternately, and yet, at the same time, be that as it may, contrastingly, conversely, despite, dissimilarly, even though, for all that, however, in contrast, in contrast to this, in opposition to this, in reality, in spite of this, inconsistent with this is that, instead, meanwhile, nevertheless, nonetheless, notwithstanding, on the contrary, on the one hand, on the other hand, otherwise, paradoxically, rather than, regardless of, still, though, whereas, when in fact, yet.
· To compare
Also, analogous to, another similar issue is, at the same time, by the same token, equally, in comparison, in like manner, in similar fashion, in the same way, likewise, similarly.
· To clarify
In other words, that is, that is to say, this means that, to clarify, to elaborate, to explain, to paraphrase, to put it another way.
· To show purpose
In order to, in the hope that, for the purpose, with this end, to the end that, with this objective
· To dismiss
All the same, at any rate, either way, in any event, in either case, whatever happens.
· To signal concession
Admittedly, albeit, although it is true that certainly, even so, granted, it may appear that, knowing this, naturally, of course, this is only the case when, while this is true, while it may seem that.
· To signify a condition
Granting that, in the event of, on the condition that, providing that, so long as
· To prove examples
As an illustration, by way of example, for example, for instance, in particular, in support of this, notably, to demonstrate, to elaborate, to exemplify, to highlight, to illustrate, specifically, that is.
· To reference
Concerning this, considering this, with respect to, with regards to
· To emphasize
Above all, as a matter of fact, certainly, chiefly, especially, importantly, in any case, in particular, indeed, it must be emphasized, that, mainly, mostly, notably, obviously, of course, particularly, primarily, specifically, truly, undoubtedly.
当然小黑雅思提醒考生们需要注意的是,必须理解这些词的用法而不能机械的带入到句子中,否则反而会显得非常突兀,影响全文整体的感觉。希望同学们在练习写作的过程中,尝试着使用这些词,会感觉受益匪浅。
标签:
杂谈 |
1. A popular explanation of play has been that it helps juveniles develop the skills they will need to hunt. (test2 passage 3)
分析:本句的主句为“A popular explanation of play has been that…”;“that it helps juveniles develop the skills they will need to hunt”为that引导的表语从句,作has been的表语;“they will need to hunt”为定语从句,关系词在定语从句中作宾语,被省略。
2. Comparing measurements for fifteen orders of mammal, he and his team found larger brains (for a given body size) are linked to greater playfulness. (test2 passage 3)
分析:本句的主句为“he and his team found larger brains (for a given body size) are linked to greater playfulness”;“Comparing measurements for fifteen orders of mammal”为现在分词短语作状语;“larger brains (for a given body size) are linked to greater playfulness”为宾语从句,that被省略。
3. If you plot the amount of time a juvenile devotes to play each day over the course of its development, you discover a pattern typically associated with a ‘sensitive period’—a brief development window during which the brain can actually be modified in ways that are not possible earlier or later in life. (test2 passage 3)
分析:本句较长,主句为“you discover a pattern”;“If you plot the amount of time”为if引导的本句的条件状语从句;“a juvenile devotes to play each day over the course of its development”为定语从句,作time的定语,关系词在定语从句中作宾语,被省略;“associated with a ‘sensitive period’”为过去分词短语作定语;“during which the brain can actually be modified”为which引导的定语从句,作window的定语从句;“that are not possible earlier or later in life”为定语从句,作ways的定语,关系词为that。
4. These fracture zones, where the collisions occur, are where earthquakes happen. (test3 passage 2)
分析:本句的主句为“These fracture zones are where earthquakes happen”;“where the collisions occur”为定语从句,作zones的定语,关系词为where;“where earthquakes happen”为where引导的表语从句。
5. When studying their mother tongue, linguists act as their own informants, judging the ambiguity, acceptability, or other properties of utterances against their own intuitions. (test3 passage 3)
分析:本句的主句为“linguists act as their own informants”, “When studying their mother tongue”为when引导的现在分词短语做时间状语;“judging the ambiguity, acceptability, or other properties of utterances against their own intuitions.”为现在分词短语做伴随状语,引导词省略。
6. People talk abnormally when they know they are being recorded, and sound quality can be poor. (test3 passage 3)
分析:本句为and连接的一个并列句“People talk abnormally”和“sound quality can be poor”并列;“when they know they are being recorded”为when引导的时间状语从句;“they are being recorded”为宾语从句,做know的宾语,引导词that省略。
7. Linguists also make great use of structured sessions, in which they systematically ask their informants for utterances that describe certain actions, objects or behaviors. (test3 passage 3)
分析:本句主句为“Linguists also make great use of structured sessions”;“in which they systematically ask their informants for utterances that describe certain actions, objects or behaviors.”为which引导的定语从句,做structured sessions的定语;“that describe certain actions, objects or behaviors.”为定语从句,做utterances的定语,关系词为that。
8. An important principle is that all corpora, whatever their size, are inevitably limited in their coverage, and always need to be supplemented by data derived from the intuitions of native speakers of the language, through either introspection or experimentation. (test3 passage 3)
分析:本句主句为“An important principle is…”;“that all corpora, whatever their size, are inevitably limited in their coverage, and always need to be supplemented by data derived from the intuitions of native speakers of the language, through either introspection or experimentation.”为that引导的表语从句,做is的表语;“whatever their size”为whatever引导的状语从句,在表语从句中做让步状语;“derived from the intuitions of native speakers of the language”为过去分词短语做定语,做data的定语。
9. No corpora can ever cover the whole language and so linguists often find themselves relying on the additional information that can be gained from the intuitions of those who speak the language concerned. (test3 passage 3)
分析:本句为并列句,用“and so”连接。“that can be gained from the intuitions of those who speak the language concerned”为that引导的定语从句,做additional information的定语;“who speak the language concerned”也为定语从句,关系词为who, 做those的定语。
10. Since the early years of the twentieth century, when the International Athletic Federation began keeping records, there has been a steady improvements in how fast athletes run, how high they jump and how far they are able to hurl massive objects, themselves included, through space. (test4 passage 1)
分析:本句较长,主句为there be结构,即“there has been a steady improvements in how fast athletes run, how high they jump and how far they are able to hurl massive objects, themselves included, through space”;“how fast athletes run, how high they jump and how far they are able to hurl massive objects, themselves included, through space”中三个how引导的从句并列,都为in的宾语从句;“Since the early years of the twentieth century”为本句的时间状语,由since引导;“when the International Athletic Federation began keeping records”为定语从句,关系词为when, 做the early years of the twentieth century的定语从句。
11. Over the past century, the composition of the human gene pool has not changed appreciably, but with increasing global participation in athletics –and greater rewards to tempt athletes –it is more likely that individuals possessing the unique complement of genes for athletic performance can be identified early. (test4 passage 1)
分析:本句为并列句,由but连接,句子“Over the past century, the composition of the human gene pool has not changed appreciably”和句子“with increasing global participation in athletics –and greater rewards to tempt athletes –it is more likely that individuals possessing the unique complement of genes for athletic performance can be identified early”并列;句子“with increasing global participation in athletics –and greater rewards to tempt athletes –it is more likely that individuals possessing the unique complement of genes for athletic performance can be identified early”中主句为“it is more likely that individuals possessing the unique complement of genes for athletic performance can be identified early”;其中“that individuals possessing the unique complement of genes for athletic performance can be identified early”为that引导的主语从句,it为形式主语。
雅思阅读考试主要考查考生们定位所需信息,理解并且掌握的能力。为了能够准确定位,很多考生仅仅注重了词汇的重要性,却忽略了语法,结果在雅思阅读考试中,考生们虽然能够准确定位,却由于语法方面的问题而无法准确理解原文内容,主从句判断错误,南辕北辙,最终导致题目做错。
其实深入了解雅思文章我们会发现雅思阅读文章中有很多长句,而考生如果语法方面有任何一点差错,或者不擅长于长句短读(迅速找出一个长句的主句即主谓宾/主系表),都无法准确理解文章,从而导致雅思阅读考试失利。因此考生们在备考的过程中,对于英语中的长难句必须要有很好的掌握,这样能够在保证正确率的同时加快阅读速度,避免有些考鸭们在考试时间快要结束的时候甚至还有文章没来得及读完。
剑四
1. The dominant idea, raised by 64% of the pupils, was that rainforests provide animals with habitats. (test1 passage 1)
分析:“raised by 64% of the pupils”为过去分词短语作定语,“that rainforests provide animals with habitats”为表语从句,作was的表语,本句的主句为“The dominant idea…was that…”。
2. These observations are generally consistent with our previous studies of pupils’ views about the use and conservation of rainforests, in which girls were shown to be more sympathetic to animals and expressed views which seem to place an intrinsic value on non-human animal life. (test1 passage 1)
分析:本句的主句是“These observations are generally consistent with our previous studies of pupils’ views about the use and conservation of rainforests”, 而后面的“in which girls were shown to be more sympathetic to animals and expressed views which seem to place an intrinsic value on non-human animal life”为定语从句,而在此定语从句中还有一个定语从句“which seem to place an intrinsic value on non-human animal life”。
3. Perhaps encouragingly, more than half of the pupils (59%) identified that it is human activities which are destroying rainforests, some personalizing the responsibility by the use of terms such as ‘we are’. (test1 passage 1)
分析:本句的主句为“more than half of the pupils (59%) identified that …”, “that it is human activities which are destroying rainforests”为that引导的宾语从句,作identify的宾语;“which are destroying rainforests”为which引导的定语从句,作activities的定语;“some personalizing the responsibility by the use of terms such as ‘we are’”为独立主格结构。
4. While two fifths of the students provided the information that the rainforests provided oxygen, in some cases this response also embraced the misconception that rainforest destruction would reduce atmospheric oxygen, making the atmosphere incompatible with human life on earth. (test1 passage 1)
分析:本句的主句为“this response also embraced the misconception”;“While two fifths of the students provided the information that the rainforests provided oxygen”为while引导的让步状语从句,while在此相当于although;“that rainforest destruction would reduce atmospheric oxygen”为that引导的同位语从句,作misconception的同位语;“making the atmosphere incompatible with human life on earth”为分词短语作状语。
5. One encouragement is that the results of similar studies about other environment issues suggest that older children seem to acquire the ability to appreciate, value and evaluate conflicting views. (test1 passage 1)
分析:本句的主句为“One encouragement is that…”;“that the results of similar studies about other environment issues suggest …”为that引导的表语从句,作is的表语;“that older children seem to acquire the ability to appreciate, value and evaluate conflicting views”为that引导的宾语从句,作suggest的宾语。
6. Environmental education offers an arena in which these skills can be developed, which is essential for these children as future decision-makers. (test1 passage 1)
分析:本句主句为“Environmental education offers an arena”;“in which these skills can be developed”为which引导的定语从句,作arena的定语;“which is essential for these children as future decision-makers”为which引导的非限制性定语从句。
7. Eye position in freshwater dolphins, which often swim on their side or upside down while feeding, suggests that what vision they have is stereoscopic forward and downward. (test1 passage 2)
分析:本句的主句为“Eye position in freshwater dolphins suggests that…”;“which often swim on their side or upside down”为which引导的定语从句,作freshwater dolphins的定语;“while feeding”为while引导的状语,分词短语作状语;“that what vision they have is stereoscopic forward and downward.”为that引导的宾语从句,作suggest的宾语;“what vision they have”为what引导的主语从句,作is的主语。
8. And although preliminary experimental evidence suggests that their in-air vision is poor, the accuracy with which dolphins leap high to take small fish out of a trainer’s hand provides anecdotal evidence to the contrary. (test1 passage 2)
分析:本句主句为“the accuracy provides anecdotal evidence to the contrary”;“although preliminary experimental evidence suggests that their in-air vision is poor”为although引导的让步状语;“that their in-air vision is poor”为that引导的宾语从句,作suggest的宾语;“which dolphins leap high to take small fish out of a trainer’s hand”为which引导的宾语从句,作with的宾语从句;“to take small fish out of a trainer’s hand”为不定式作目的状语。
9. But a written form is essential for this, so the mere possibility of revival has led many speakers of endangered languages to develop systems of writing where none existed before. (test2 passage 1)
分析:本句中用so(连词)连接“a written form is essential for this”和“the mere possibility of revival has led many speakers of endangered languages to develop systems of writing where none existed before”两个简单句成为一个并列句;“where none existed before”为where引导的地点状语从句。
10. One factor which may help to ensure that some endangered languages do not die out completely is people’s increasing appreciation of their cultural identity. (test2 passage 1)
分析:本句主句为“One factor is people’s increasing appreciation of their cultural identity”;“which may help to ensure that some endangered languages do not die out completely”为which引导的定语从句,作factor的定语;“that some endangered languages do not die out completely”为that引导的宾语从句,作ensure的宾语。