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分刊《进化神经科学前沿》
http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1751-228X.2007.00006.x
《The
Journal
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http://ilabs.washington.edu
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标签:杂谈 |
社会认知的双重机制:来自神经科学的证据
张静1,陈巍2,丁峻1
(1. 杭州师范大学心理学系,浙江 杭州310018;2. 南京师范大学心理学系,南京 210097)
摘
关键词 社会认知双重机制;具身模仿;心智化能力;社会脑;镜像神经元
A Dual Mechanism of Social Cognition: Evidences from Neuroscience
Zhang Jing1, Chen Wei2, Ding Jun1
(1. Department of Psychology, Hangzhou Normal Unversity, Hangzhou, 310018, China;
2. Department of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210097, China)
Abstract: Social cognition is a high order process of cognition which is beneficial for the complex and flexible social behaviors. With the development of neuroscience researches, especially, along with the rise of embodied cognitive science, the propose of the hypothesis of social brain, the discovery mirror neurons, more researchers with more attentions are abstracted by this area while new disputes comes the same time. A dual mechanism of social cognition proposed in the frame of current neuroscience may provide a brand new approach of crossed discipline study. This paper reviews the main discoveries and recent hypothesis of neuroscience which are significant for social cognition, and understands social cognition in a neuroscience perspective.
Key words: dual mechanism of social cognition; embodied simulation; mentalizing; social brain; mirror neuron
基金项目: 2008年度杭州师范大学重点科研基金项目(2008XSZ01)
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标签:杂谈 |
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标签:杂谈 |
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分类:西方心理学史与理论心理学 |
近二十年进化心理学研究述评
丁 峻,张 静,陈 巍
摘 要:用进化的观点解读人类行为,分析心理的本质及其产生的根源是近20年来西方心理学中出现的新的
研究范式———进化心理学的核心理念。当前进化心理学的研究主要集中于通过进化形成的心理机制,对人类的生存、择偶、抚育以及群居等方面的行为进行探讨,并取得了一定的成果。尽管存在方法论上的缺陷、认识论上的不足以及文化影响的忽视等问题,但进化心理学对于人性和心理的思考,对认知发展观的革新,尤其是在元理论方面的贡献将有望为心理科学提供一条全新的整合进路。
关键词:进化心理学;心理机制;人类行为
Abstract:Understanding human behavior in an
evolutionary perspective, analyzing the nature and origin ofmindis
the core beliefof evolutionary psychology - a new paradigm emerged
inwestern psychology field in recent decade. Current evolutionary
psychology focuseson the discussion ofhuman surviva,l mate choice,
upbringing and liv-ing in groups and has achieved some
accomplishments. Though there are still some deficits
inmethodology, epistemology and culture influence, evolutionary
psychology indeed has andwillcontinue to impulsemore psychologists
to makemore explorations for its further investigation in human
nature andmind, for its promotion to cognitive deveopment and
especially for its contributions to the discipline
integration.
Key words:evolutionary psychology; psychological
mechanism; human behavior
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I am a philosopher at the Australian National University.
Officially I am Professor of Philosophy, Director of the Centre for
Consciousness, and an ARC Federation Fellow. I work in the
philosophy of mind and in related areas of philosophy and cognitive
science. I am especially interested in consciousness, but am also
interested in philosophical issues about meaning and possibility,
in the foundations of cognitive science and of physics, and a bunch
of other things.
Background
My undergraduate degree was in mathematics and computer science at
the University of Adelaide in Australia.
I was a graduate student in mathematics for a while at the
University of Oxford, but then I switched to Indiana University,
where I obtained a Ph.D. in 1993 in Philosophy and Cognitive
Science, working in Doug Hofstadter's Center for Research on
Concepts and Cognition.
I spent 1993-95 as a McDonnell Fellow in Philosophy, Neuroscience,
and Psychology at Washington University in St. Louis, and 1995-98
in the Department of Philosophy at UC Santa Cruz.
From 1999-2004 I was in the Department of Philosophy and the Center
for Consciousness Studies at the University of Arizona.
I moved to ANU in August 2004. A photo gallery is here.
Activities
I seem to spend a lot of time organizing things (this is a good
work-avoidance strategy). I'm strongly committed to getting an
interdisciplinary science of consciousness off the ground. I was
one of the founders of the Association for the Scientific Study of
Consciousness (which has now had ten very successful conferences),
and I'm associate editor of PSYCHE, an interdisciplinary e-journal
on consciousness. I've helped organize the biannual Tucson
conferences on consciousness. I also edit the philosophy of mind
series at Oxford University Press, and am philosophy of mind editor
for the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Locally, I am director
of the Centre for Consciousness at ANU.
Research
When I have time and run out of excuses, I sometimes do some real
work. I've written one book (below) and have been closely involved
with another. I've written articles on consciousness, metaphysics
and meaning, AI and computation, and various other topics in
philosophy and cognitive science (see top of page). Consciousness
is my first love, and it's what I always come back to, but one of
the nice things about being a philosopher is that one is allowed to
be interested in all sorts of things. (If you get interested in X,
you just say 'I'm working on the philosophy of X'). I do a lot of
fairly technical philosophy (metaphysics, philosophy of language)
as well as being closely involved with work in science - originally
AI and physics, but lately more in neuroscience and psychology. At
the moment, I am working on a book on consciousness and on a book
(or a series of books) concerning the connections between reason,
meaning, and possibility.